curs 1+2 bacteriologie mo

8/15/2019 CURS 1+2 Bacteriologie MO

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01/13/16 1

MICROBIOLOGIECURS 1

Dr. Gabriela GURAU

01/13/16 2

Obiectul microbiologiei. Definitie.Princialele etae ale

!e"#oltarii cuno$tintelor !e$re microbi.

Morfologia bacteriana.Princialele mo!ele$tructurale ale microorgani$melor.

Inca!rare ta%onomica.

01/13/16 3

OBIEC&UL MICROBIOLOGIEI

1. DEFINITIE

2. PRINCIPALELE ETAPE ALE DEZVOLTARIICUNOSTINTELOR DESPRE MICROBI

01/13/16 4

Microbiologia

Microio!o"i# $%icro & %ic' io( & )i*+,-

B*c+#rio!o"i# $*+#rio & *(+o*(-

Mico!o"i# $%#( & ci#rc,-

Vir(o!o"i#

P*r*i+o!o"i# R*%ri5 %icroio!o"i* (o!!i %*ri,

i7(+ri*!, *"rico!, %#7ic*!, #+c

01/13/16 8

Microbiologie Rere"inta $tu!iul microorgani$melor' a celor mai mici#ietuitoare' #i"ibile !oar cu micro$coul.

Microorgani$mele $tu!iate( alge' fungi' bacterii'#iru$uri $i ara"iti

Microorgani$mele( cele mai #ec)i' numeroa$e $i !i#er$ificate forme !e

#iat* e *m+nt $e afl* ,n me!iul ,ncon-ur*tor

au rol ,n !e$comunerea materiei organice $i mentinfertilitatea $olului ma-oritatea $unt utile $i numai o arte $unt imlicate'

,n !iferite gra!e' ,n atologie.

01/13/16 6

Microbiologie

Sco5 (+7i#r#* roc#(#!or 9iic# c:i%ic# io!o"ic# !#"*+# 7# *c+i)i+*+#*

%icroor"*i(%#!or.

; #+r5 * ,(+r* (i 9o!o(i # c#!# +i!# * *i:i!* # c#!# 7,,+o*r#

;Microor"*i(%#!# ; ro! i%or+*+ # !*#+, *r #<i(+* )i*+, 9,r, #!#

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Rolul o"iti# al microorgani$melor

Circ!*+i* io!o"ic, * %*+#ri#i > *+r, cic!! or #!#%#+#5 C N S P F# CO2 *+%o(9#ric ? *, ? (. %i#r*!# 7i (o!

(i+#* ((+. or"*ic#@ :r*, *i%*!# o% D#(co%#r#* ((+. or"*ic# > (o! @ 7#(co%#r# >

ro7(i (i%!i 7# c,+r# %icroor"*i(%#Ac+i)i+*+# "#o!o"ic,

; 9or%*r#* 7# ,c,%i+# #+ro!i#r# c,ri (*!#+r (!9%i#r#ri 7# 9i#r #+c.

Ac+i)i+*+# > %#7i! %*ri ; *(i"r, circi+! #!#%#+#!or io"##

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i7(+ri# ; 9*ric*r#* *!coo!!i #+i!ic

; )ii9ic*+i* ; i7(+ri* #rii ; *i9ic*+i#

; ro7(# !*c+*+#5 i*r+ !*+# *cr r#+ri ; %r,+ri ; r#!cr*r#* i!i c#ii

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i7(+ri* %#7ic*%#+!i5

io(i+#* %icroi*, * )i+*%i#!or B1B2 B12 C A D2

((+*+#!or *+iio+ic#

*"ric!+r,

>"r,(,%i+#

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Rolul negati# al

microorgani$melor *"# #coo%ic#

; 7#"r*7*r# %icroi*, * 7oc%#+#!or 7# i*+r,

; *c+i# coroi), * %#+*!#!or ; 7#(co%#r#* *!i%#+#!or ; io7#+#rior*r#*5

; c*cic!i

; * %*(#!or !*(+ic# ; * +#<+i!#!or ; * :r+i#i ; * o#r#!or 7# *r+, #+c

Rolul negati# al

microorgani$melorPro7c#r#* 7# o!i *!#

; !*+#!or

; #(+i!or

; *i%*!#!or

; o%!i

Imortanta $tu!iuluimicrobiologiei

F,r, co(+i+# 7# %icroio!o"i# (# o*+# coc## (ir#*!i*5

1. 7". #+io!o"ic *! o!i!or i9#c+io*(#2. +#r*i* *+ii9#c+io*(,

(#rri i%# i%o"!o!i# *+iio+ic#

3. ro9i!*<i* o!i!or i9#c+io*(#

(#roro9i!*<i# )*cci*r#(+#ri!i*r# 7#i9#c+i# *(#(i# *+i(#(i#

Princialele etae ale!e"#oltarii cuno$tintelor !e$re

microbi

I)o*r# i(+oric# )#c:i $C:i* I7i* E"i+#+c.- ; r*c+ici c*(ic# c*r# +i!i#*,%icroor"*i(%#

; VERILIUS ; G#or"ic#!#H

!*+#!# %!( i* @ r,

!*+#!# %!( o*+#* @ or*( @ )*r# ; V#c:ii #"i+#i

i)#+#*, c+or! 7# i# +i!i#*, G*!*+!H $7ro7i* 7# #r#- #+r i#

01/13/16 18

I. Antic)itate $i E#ul Me!iucr#+! i7#*!i(+5

; #i7#%ii!# c**+# 7# 9ii+# (r**+r*!#c* #7#*(* #+r "r#(#!i'

; ri+*!ri r#!i"io*(# @ (,!,ri ri+*!#!#iri #(#+i*!# *r7#r#* 7# (!9 (i r,(ii #+c.

; S#rr*+i* %*rc#(c#(5 >ro(ir#* iii

*!i%#+#!or (7o*r# ro(i#Jcr#+! %*+#ri*!i(+5 ; c*+, c*# %*+#ri*!# *!# #i7#%ii!or

01/13/16 16

I. Antic)itate $i E#ul Me!iu

/IPOCRA& $460 ; 3=8 >.#..- ; ,ri+#!# %#7ici#i

; teoria miasmelor 5 o!i!# c**+# 7# *#r!K(+ric*+H

&/UCIDIDE $460 ; 38 >.#..- ; i(+oric "r#c

; teoria contagiunii 5 #i7#%ii!# c**+# 7#0contagium animatum & *r+ic!# 9o*r+# %ici

01/13/16 1=

MARCUS &ERE2&IUS 3ARRO $116 ; 26 >.#..- ; 9i!oo9 ro%* ; 0animalia minuta & %ici *i%*!# i)iii!# 7i *#r!

o#!or *!(+r# ; GR#r% r(+ic*r% 7# *"ric!+r*H;9or%!#*, *+r*%icroio!o"ic, * #i7#%ii!or “Dacă în acele locuri vor fi mlastini, acolo se

dezvoltă fiinte vii, care desi mici, încât nu pot fiobservate cu ochii, pătrund din aer în corp prin gură si

nări determinând boli grele”

01/13/16 1

&I&US LUCRE&IUS CARUS $ ; 88 >.#..- ; o#+! %*+#ri*!i(+ *! Ro%#i ; GD# r#r% *+r*H #<!ic, #(+* ri 4germenii bolii $iai mortii (i ri G%i* #i!orH

/IERO2IMUS 5RACAS&OR $14= ; 1883- ; %#7ic *(+roo% o#+ i+*!i* ; GD# co+*"io*# #+ co+*"io(i( %ori( #+ cr*+io#H ((+i# +#ori* co+*"iii > #i7#%ii 7# ci%, )*rio!, (i9i!i(

; cr#7# > #<i(+#+* or "#r%#i )ii c*r# (# >%!+#(c $1846- ; GD# %or( *!!ic(H ; #ro! GS:i!i(H

01/13/16 1

II. De$coerirea micro$coului

coici7# c 7#(co#rir#*%icroor"*i(%#!or

6acc)aria$ (i /an$ 7an$en $Mi77#r"- ; ri%! %icro(co co%( $180-

; #+r (+7i! %icroor"*i(%#!or

01/13/16 20

A2&OI2E #anLEEU8E2/OE9

$1632 ; 1=23-

ir!*7#

o(+,)*r or+*r 7# %#(#ri#

),+or 7# %,r+i(ri

*(i# ; (!#9ir#* !#+i!#!or * )r+ (, o(#r)# +#(,+r*

:*i#!or 9i#

01/13/16 21

Micro(co!5 !*

co(+ri+ (i"r

* co(+*+ 7i5 ; o !#+i!, ico)#<,

>+r c*7r %#+*!ic

c o %,rir# 7# , !*2=0 <.

01/13/16 22

E<*%i#*,5 ; i9i* 7# i#r

; ** 7# !o*i# (+,++, ; r*c!*+! 7# # 7i+i ; ri* ;%*+#rii 9#c*!# ro)#i+# 7# !* *ci#+ c

7i#+#ri# #+c. 7#(cri# :#%*+ii (+rc+r* o(!i * !#%!i

**+o%i* i(#c+#!or

01/13/16 23

ri%! c*r# * ),+ (i * 7#(cri( %icroor"*i(%# or"*i(%# 9o*r+# %ici &G*i%*!ic!*H

GArc** *+r*# o# %icro(coior% 7#+#c+*H$&ainele naturii !e$coerite cu a-utorul

micro$coaelor: 16=8

7#(## (i 7#(cri#r#* %icroor"*i(%#!or

01/13/16 24

7#(co#rir#* %icroor"*i(%#!or @

r#7#(+#*+, +#ori* G"##r*+i#i (o+*#H

“în diferite substante minerale sau organice

lipsite de orice urme de viată pot lua

nastere microorganisme sau chiar

vietuitoare mai dezvoltate”

01/13/16 28

> 40 7# *i5

; * (cri( 128 7# (cri(ori +r*7(# > #"!#, (i

r#7*+# Soci#+,+ii R#"*!# 7i Lo7r* ; 2= !cr,ri * 9o(+ !ic*+# > M#%orii!#

Ac*7#%i#i Fr*c## 7# S+ii+#

; Ui)#r(i+*+#* 7i U+r#c:+ r#+i7# c, 7#+i# >%# #!# 7i+r# %icro(co*#!# ori"i*!# *!# !i

L###:o#.

01/13/16 26

T#ori* G"##r*+i#i (o+*#Hco%,++, 7#5 ; R#7i ; S*!!**i ; P*(+#r LA66ARO SPALLA26A2I $1=2 ; 1=- c,!",r %*+#%*+ici* *+r*!i(+ i+*!i* ro9#(or !* i)#r(i+*+#* 7i P*)i* co%*+# +#ori* G"##r*+i#i (o+*#H ; > !ic:i7! 9i#r+ (i %#+i+ > )*( #r%#+ic >c:i( r#**r %icroii 7#(co#r, #<i(+#+* *c+#rii!or (oro"## (i **#ro#

01/13/16 2=

III. BAC&ERIOLOGIA S&II2;I5IC<

LOUIS PAS&EUR $122 ; 18-

; ,ri+#!# %icroio!o"i#i' c:i%i(+ (i %#7ic

D#%o(+r#*, c, *c+#rii!# (i ci#rci!# (# *(c (o+* ci 7i ,ri+i (# >%!+#(c

(i o+ 9i o%or+#.

P# *#!# (+#ri!i,rii I+ro7c# coc#+! (i %#+o7ic* !cr!i *(#+ic

01/13/16 2

III. BAC&ERIOLOGIA

S&II2;I5IC< F7*%#+#*, +#ori* io!o"ic, * 9#r%#+*+ii!or

9#r%#+*+i* (# 7*+or#*, or %icroi

9i#c*r# +i 7# 9#r%#+*+i# c**+ 7# o (#ci# 7#%icroi $(#ci9ici+*+#* roc#(#!or 9#r%#+*+i)#-

(+*i!#(+# *+r* io!o"ic, * o!i!or ,+ri!or

9#r%#+*+# +i!i#*, *(+#ri*r#* ; %#+o7* >c,!irii

7i9#r#+i*+# $*#!# %icroio!o"i#i i7(+ri*!#-

01/13/16 2

III. BAC&ERIOLOGIA

S&II2;I5IC< Creea"* termenii !e 4aerobio"* $i

4anaerobio"*

D#%o(+r#*, !#",+r* c**!, 7i+r# %icro (i o*!,5

S+7i*, o!i!# )i#r%i!or 7# %,+*(#

S+7i*, o!i!# )i+#i 7# )i# *r*+, c, (+ ro7(# 7# %icroi

i7ic, %,(ri 7# r#)#ir# * *c#(+or i9#c+ii

01/13/16 30

III. BAC&ERIOLOGIA

S&II2;I5IC<R#9#ri+or !* o!i!# o*%#i!or * i(i(+*+ c* *7*#!# (, 9i# cr,+*+# (i

i(+r%#+#!# 7i (i+*! (, 9i# 9i#r+#. o(#: Li(+#r $12=112- c:irr" #"!# * *!ic*+ 7#(co#riri!# !i P*(+#r > c:irr"i# $16=- c:i*r >*i+# c* *c+#rii!# c*r#

7#+#r%i, i9#c+ii!# c:irr"ic*!# (, 9i 9o(+7#(co#ri+#. !cr,ri!# !i Li(+#r r#r#i+, ** +#:icii

c:irr"ic*!# *(#+ic# 7i i* 7# *i.

01/13/16 31

III. BAC&ERIOLOGIA

S&II2;I5IC< P# *#!# (+ii+i9ic# *!# ro9i!*<i#i o!i!or i9#c+io*(#5 ri (+7i! G:o!#r#i ",ii!orH

*"#+! *+o"# 7#)i# G*)ir!#+H ri >)#c:ir#*c!+rii *"#+! G*)ir!#+H ioc!*+ !* ",i* (,,+o*(,@co9#r, r#i(+#+, 9*+, 7# :o!#r,

r#*!i#*, )*cci! *+ic,ro( r#*!i#*, )*cci! *+ic,ro( r#*!i#*, )*cci! *+ir*ic

Pasteur

01/13/16 32

III. BAC&ERIOLOGIA

S&II2;I5IC< ROBER& 9OC/ $143 ; 110-

P,ri+#!# (co!ii "#r%*# 7# %icroio!o"i#' %#7ic 7# +*r, S+7i*, o*!* c,ro*(,

D#(co#r, %#+o7#!# 7# c!+i)*r# # %#7ii (o!i7# M#+o7* 7# co!or*r# * r#*r*+#!or %icro(coic# D#(co#r, )irio! :o!#ric *ci!! +#rc!o#i (i

*!#r"i* > +#rc!o,

108 ; r#%i! No#! #+r 9iio!o"i# (i %#7ici, Koch

01/13/16 34

ALP/O2SE LA3ERA2 $148 ; 122- Microio!o"' S+7i*, *!7i(%! 1= 7#(co#r, :#%*+oo*r! *!(+r' 10= r#%i! No#!EMIL A. BE/RI2G

(+7i*, +o<i#!# *c+#ri## i%i+*+#* %or*!, (#ro+#r*i* 101 r#%i! No#!EMILE ROU= $183 ; 133- 7#%o(+r#*, #<i(+#+* *c+#rii!or +o<i"## $11- PAUL E/RLIC/

$184 ; 118- 9o7*+or! c:i%io+#r*i#i i9#c+ii!or Cr#*+or! +#ori#i %o7#r# * 7#i9#c+i#i

01/13/16 38

ILIA ILICI ME&C/I2I9O55 $148 ; 116- io!o" r(' #%i+# +#ori* 9*"oci+*r, * i%i+,+iiRO2ALD ROSS $18= ; 132- i+ro7c# %#+o7# 7# ro9i!*<i# *+i%*!*ric, 102 r#%i! No#!C/ARLES 2ICOLLE $18= ;136- C#rc#+#*, +i9o(! #<*+#%*+ic D#(co#r, %#+o7* 7# r#)#ir# 12 r#%i! No#!

7ULES BORDE& $1=0 ; 161- S+7i*, %#ro*(# i9#c+ii D#(co#r, *"#+! +(#i co)!(i)# 11 r#%i! No#!

01/13/16 36

I3. SCOALA ROM>2EASC< DE

MICROBIOLOGIE 3IC&OR BABES $184 ; 126- M#7ic

Fo7*+or! %icroio!o"i#i ro%#(+i S+7ii5 B7*#(+* Vi#* Pro9#(or 7# **+o%i# *+o!o"ic, !* B7*#(+* E!#) *! !i oc: $B#r!i-' P*(+#r $P*ri(- 1= ; ro9#(or !* C*+#7r* 7# A*+o%i# *+o!o"ic,

(i B*c+#rio!o"i# * F*c!+,+ii 7# M#7ici,Bcr#(+i

01/13/16 3

I3. SCOALA ROM>2EASC< DEMICROBIOLOGIE

Scri# ri%! +r*+*+ 7# *c+#rio!o"i# 7i !%#>%r#, c Vic+or Cori!5

4 Les bactéries et leur rôle dans l’étiologie,

l’anatomie et l’histologie pathologiques des

maladies infectieuses (1885)

P!ic, #(+# 1.000 !cr,ri (+ii+i9ic# (i 28%oo"r*9ii 7i 7o%#i! %icroio!o"i#i (i**+o%i#i *+o!o"ic#

01/13/16 3

I3. SCOALA ROM>2EASC< DEMICROBIOLOGIE

IO2 CA2&ACU6I2O$163 ; 134- ; io!o" %#7ic !i+#r*+

; r%#*, !* P*ri( !i+#r#!# (+ii+#!# *+r*!# %#7ici* ; !cr#*, !* I(+i++! P*(+#r c M#+c:iio99 ; 101 ; ro9#(or 7# %#7ici, #<#ri%#+*!, !*

F*c!+*+#* 7# M#7ici, Bcr#(+i

; +r#*"* *c+i)i+*+# 7#7ic*+,5 or"*i,rii (co!ii ro%#(+i 7# %icroio!o"i# 7#)o!+,rii %#7iciii r#)#+i)# ro%#(+i

01/13/16 40

MICROBIOLOGIE (+7i*, (c*r!*+i* ; #+io*+o"#i* (+7ii *(r* i%i+,+ii (+7i*, i9#c+i* +#rc!o*(, ; i+ro7c# )*cci*r#*

BC $* 2* +*r, 7i !%#- (+7i*, #+io*+o"#i* !#r#i %or)#i 10 ; 110 7ir#c+or "##r*! *! Dir#c+i#i S*i+*r#@110 !#"#*

GC*+*cioH *(i"r*r#* i"i##i %cii (i co!#c+i)i+,+i!or

*(i(+#+, %#7ic*!, !* (*+# #7c*+i* (*i+*r, >9ii+*r#* !*or*+o*r#!or 7# i"i#, >9ii+*r#* (i+*!#!or 7# o!i co+*"io*(#

01/13/16 41

MICROBIOLOGIE c#rc#+#*, :o!#r*

; *+o"#i# ; )*cciri ; )*cci*r# $r,oi *!c*ic 113- ; G%*r#* #<#ri#+,

ro%,H 9ii+#*, I(+i++! 7# (#rri (i )*cciri GI.C*+*cioH

Bcr#(+i 121

*ici * r#*r*+5 (#r *+i(+r#+ococic *+i7i#+#ric )*cci *+i+i9o*r*+i9ic *+i:o!#ric *+ic,ro( #+c.

01/13/16 42

MICROBIOLOGIE D. Io#(cMi:,#(+i

M. Cic,

A!. S!,+i#* P. Co7r#*

D. Co%i#(c

M. N*(+*

M. N#"+

01/13/16 43

&A=O2OMIA BAC&ERIA2A

01/13/16 44

T*<oo%i*

Definitie5 T*<oo%i* $+*<i(&*r**r#o%o(& r#"!* !#"#- co(+i+i# (+ii+*

c!*(i9ic*rii or"*i(%#!or.

Cla$ificare5

1. Ar+i9ici*!* 2. Fi!o"##+ic*

01/13/16 48

T*<oo%i*

C*+#"orii!# +*<oo%ic# rici*!#5

9*%i!i*

01/13/16 46

T*<oo%i*

Microorgani$m? @ cu#inte latini"atePri%! c)*+ r#r#i+* "#!.

"#!& o +r*(*+r* %or9o!o"ic*5E<. Bacillus +. *ci!' icrococcus +."r*+#

%ic' !actobacillus +. *ci! %ic 7i !*+#

"#!& %# 7# o% 7# (+ii+*5E<. "scherichia 7# !* E(c:#ric:' Pasteurella

7# !* P*(+#r.

01/13/16 4=

T*<oo%i*

A! 7oi!#* c)*+ #(+# !e$criti#. c!o*r#* ;#<. #taph$lococcus aureus (*

#treptococcus viridans

o*!* ro7(* #<. #treptococcus

pneumoniae

01/13/16 4

T*<oo%i*

M**!! 7# Si(+#%*+ic* B*c+#ri** B#r"#

M**! o9 S(+#%*+ic B*c+#rio!o" 14H

01/13/16 80

T*<oo%i*

2. C#!!# ri"i7# %oi!# ri 9!*"#!i (*i%oi!i5

A. Mic#!i*!#

B. Uic#!!*r# (i%!#

&$cobacterium 'ctinom$ces

(ocardia

#treptom$ces

01/13/16 81

T*<oo%i*1. P*r*i+i o!i"*+ori

i+r*c#!!*ri

1. C#!!# !i#r#

*- r*%oi+i)i coci

*ci!i #(or!*+i

)ic*ettsia

+oiella

+hlam$dia

#treptococcus

#taph$lococcus

+or$nebacterium !isteria

"r$sipelothri

01/13/16 82

T*<oo%i* *ci!i (or!*+i

A#roi o!i"*+oriiA*#roi o!i"*+orii

- r*% #"*+i)i

coci *ci!i ##+#rici 9or%# (ir*!*+# B*ci!i 7r#+i

Bacillus

&+lostridium

(eisseria

#pirillum

Pasteurella

Brucella

-ersinia

01/13/16 83

T*<oo%i*

*ci!i #+#rici

.rancisella

&/aemophillus

&Bordetella

&!egionella

&"scherichia si bacteriiinrudite

&#almonella&#higella

01/13/16 84

T*<oo%i*

*#roi o!i"*+orii **#roi o!i"*+orii

Klebsiella

Proteus

&Pseudomonas

&Bacteroides

&.usobacterium

3. F*r* #r#+# c#!!*r $coplasma

01/13/16 88

Mor9o!o"i* *c+#ri**Prici*!#!# %o7#!#

(+rc+r*!# *!#%icroor"*i(%#!or.

01/13/16 86

Morfologia bacteriana

B*c+#rii!# (+ or"*i(%# roc*rio+#

* %#%r*, c!#*r, rori#

r#i+, (i"r cro%oo% 9or%* *c+#rii!or # co+ro!*+, "##+ic

i%or+*+ cri+#ri +*<oo%ic

01/13/16 8=

1.9or%* (9#ric, coci2.9or%* ci!i7ric,

*ci!i3.9or%* (ir*!*+, $>cr*+,- )irioi

(iri!i (iroc:#+#

01/13/16 8

Cocii9or%* 7i*%#+r# #"*!#5 #taph$lococcus spp. R#i9or%i5 (eisseria spp. L*c#o!*+i5 #treptococcus pn1

O)*!*ri5 "nterococcus faecalis

01/13/16 8

Cocii ; 7i(oi+i* (*+i*!,

Ciorc:i#5 #taph$lococcus spp.

Di!o5 (eisseria spp1

Di!o5 #treptococcus pneumoniae

T#+r*7#5 icrococcus tetragenus

C+# o+5 #arcina spp1

Io!*+i5 Micrococi

L*+ri5 #treptococcus sp

01/13/16 61

B*ci!i 7i(oi+i# (*+i*!*

Di!o*ci!i5 Klebsiella

pneumoniae

S+r#+o*ci!i5 Bacillus anthracis

A(#c+ !i+#r# c:iri+ri *!i(*7#5

+or$nebacterium diphtheriae Di(oi+i# #r#"!*+,5E+#ro*c+#rii

01/13/16 62

For%# (ir*!*+#

CORP 2CURBA& 2&RU2SI2GUR PLA2

3IBRIO2I form* !e #irgul*

CORP 2CURBA& 2 MAIMUL&E PLA2URI SPIRILI $iral* cu $ire rigi!e SPIROC/E&E $ire fine'

fle%ibile

&reonema Leto$ira Borrelia

01/13/16 63

Di%#(ii!# *c+#rii!or Micro%#+ri

1%% & 1.000 %icro%#+ri $%icroi- %

Coci5 08 ; 2 % B*ci!i5 !"i%# 08 ; 10 % / !,+i%# 03 ; 2 % Virioi5 !"i%# 18 ; 3 % / "ro(i%# 08 %

Siroc:#+#5 !"i%# 6 ; 20 % / "ro(i%# 018 ;08 %

01/13/16 6464

CELULA BAC&ERIA2A

01/13/16 68

S&RUC&URA CELULEI

BAC&ERIE2E

01/13/16 66

REGN CARACTERISTICI EXEMPLE

Monera Prokaryocyte Bacterii

Actinomicete

ProtistaEukaryocyte

Protozoare

Fungi Eukaryocyte Fungi

P!ants Eukaryocyte P!ante

Musc"i

Anima!s Eukaryocyte Artro#o$e

Mami%ere

01/13/16 6=6=

PRO9ARIO&EPRO9ARIO&E

BACTERIABACTERIA ARCAEAARCAEA

EUARIOTEEUARIOTE

01/13/16 6

Princialele !iferene intre celulele rocariote Fi

eucariote Procariote Eucariote

Ti#u! $e organisme bacterii Protozoare,

fungi,animale,plantemale

'imensiuni ~ 1-10 µm ~ 10-100 µm

Ti# $e nuc!euc!eu nucleoid; nu un nucleu veritabil nucleu adevărat cu dublă

membrană

A'N circular Mai multi cromozomi

Ri(ozomi 70 S 0 S

Structura cito#!asmatic) !tructură !implă

!tructură comple"ă cu

membrane intracitopla!matice

#i cito!c$elet

01/13/16 6

Princialele !iferene intre celulele rocariote Fi

eucariote Procariote Eucariote

Meta(o!ism anaerob de obicei aerob

Mitocon$rii nu au de la una p%nă la numeroa!e

c!oro#!aste nu au la alge #i la plante

&rganizare de obicei celule izolate, dar pot

forma #i colonii

celule izolate, colonii,

organi!me evoluate cu celule

!pecializate

'i*iziunea ce!u!e!or diviziune !implă Mitoza &pentru celulele'

Meioza &la formarea gametilor'

Celula EuHariota Celula ProHariota

01/13/16 =1=1

Celula EuHariota Celula ProHariota

Perete celular

Reticul en!ola$mic rugo$

Mitocon!ria

Je%. animala:

2ucleoi!

2ucleu

Membrana celulara

Citola$m

5lagel

Membrana interna Membrana e%terna

Ribo$omi

Granule

Perete celular

Ca$ula

01/13/16 =3

E!#%#+# 9*c!+*+i)#

c*(!* *c+#ri*,

ci!ii $9!*"#!ii-

9i%rii!# $i!ii- (or!

01/13/16 =4

Peretele bacterian

01/13/16 =8

P#r#+#!# *c+#ri*

ro(i%# 18 ; 38 %' *!c,+i+ 7i ro+#i# !ii7# :i7r*Qi7# c*ro For%*+ 7i5 $trat ba"al& %co#+i7 & %coco%!#< & #+i7o"!ic*

& %r#i,Ac#(+* #(+# 9or%*+ 7i+ro r#Q#* 7# %*cro%o!#c!# !"i

o!i*:*ri7ic# *(#*+# *r*!#!5 Aci7 N*c#+i!%r*%ic (i N*c#+i!"!co*%i* $ Lioi%- !#"*+# ri Qi

o!i#+i7ic#5

T#+r*#+i7 ; D (i L*%io*cii ; *+*(*+ !* *ci7! N*c#+i!%r*%ic'

P#+*#+i7 ; Qi >+r# +#+r*#+i7# $#ici!i*-

01/13/16 =6

P#r#+# *c+#ri*

Stratul $tructurilor $eciale( *c+#rii r*%oi+i)# $20- ; o!i*:*ri7# *cii

+#ic:oici MPZ *c+#rii r*%#"*+i)#$0- ; !ioo!i*:*ri7# &#7o+o<i# ? !ioro+#i# $co%!#< "!ci7o!ii7oo!i#+i7ic-

*c+#rii *ci7o*!coo!or#i(+#+#5 *ci7 %ico!icc#rri ro+#i# M %ic,

01/13/16 ==

Ro!! #r#+#!i *c+#ri* ((Qi# %#c*ic c#!!* *c+#ri*, %#Qi# 9or%* *c+#ri#i *(i"r, ro+#cQi* c#!!#i *c+#ri##

i+#r)i# > roc#(#!# 7# o(%o, (i 7i9i# #(+# (#7i! or *+i"## (o%*+ic# r#c#+ori!or (#ci9ici #+r *c+#rio9*"i

*r+ici, !* 7i)ii#* *c+#ri#i i%ri%, c*r*c+#r#!# 7# +ic+ori*!i+*+# *!# c#!!#i *c+#ri##

An eloa cel lara

An#eloa celulara

01/13/16 00

An#eloa celularaAn#eloa celulara

Gram Po$iti#eGram Po$iti#e Gram 2egati#eGram 2egati#e

GRAM P&SITI+IGRAM P&SITI+I

01/13/16 11

GRAM NEGATI+IGRAM NEGATI+ICi+o!*(%*Ci+o!*(%*

Ci+o!*(%*Ci+o!*(%*

Aci$ !i#oteic"oic Pe#ti$og!ican,aci$ teic"oic

Membrana citopla!matica

Membrana interna

Membrana e"terna

Li#o#o!iza"ari$ePor

S 3 * + i 2 ! 3 # r i 3 !

01/13/16 22

Membrana e%ternaMembrana e%terna

bacteriibacterii Gram negati#eGram negati#e Cea mai imortanta barieraCea mai imortanta bariera

E%i$ta un $atiu intre membranele e%terna $iE%i$ta un $atiu intre membranele e%terna $iinternainterna ; Satiul erila$micSatiul erila$mic

Stoc)ea"a en"imeStoc)ea"a en"ime

Bacterii Gram o$iti#eBacterii Gram o$iti#e 2u au $atiu erila$mic2u au $atiu erila$mic

GRAM NEGATI+IGRAM NEGATI+I

01/13/16 33

GRAM NEGATI+IGRAM NEGATI+I

AN+EL&PA CEL-LARAAN+EL&PA CEL-LARA

Ci+o!*(%*Ci+o!*(%*

Membrana interna &citopla!matica'

Membrana e"terna

Li#o#o!iza"ari$ePoru!

!i#o#roteine

Satiul erila$mic En"ime !egra!ati#e

Proteine !e legare la$matica Permea"e

GRAM P&SITI+IGRAM P&SITI+I

01/13/16 44

Ci+o!*(%Ci+o!*(%

Aci$ !i#oteic"oic Pe#ti$og!ican, aci$ !i#oteic"oic

Mem(rana cito#!asmatica

An*e!o#a ce!u!araAn*e!o#a ce!u!araEn"ime !egra!ati#e

01/13/16 8

MEMBRA2ACI&OPLASMA&IC<

01/13/16 6

MEMBRA2A CI&OPLASMA&IC<

Gro$ime K 1 nm

Alc*tuit* !u* mo!elul mo"aicului flui!(

!ou* $traturi !e molecule fo$folii!ice cu e%tremit*tile)i!rofobe $re interior $i cu cele )i!rofile $re e%terior

,ntre moleculele !e fo$folii!e $e g*$e$c roteine

In#aginare me"o"omi( $i$tem membrano$ intracelularcu rol ,n re$iratie' !i#i"iune etc.

01/13/16 =

MEMBRA2A CI&OPLASMA&IC<

Ro!! %#%r*#i ci+o!*(%*+ic#5

R#"!#*, r#(i#* o(%o+ic,

Co+ro!#*, roc#(#!# 7# 7i9i# *(i), Co+ro!#*, roc#(#!# 7# 7i9i# c*+*!i*+#

#i%*+ic

Co+i# #i%# *!# %#+*o!i(%!i r#(ir*+or I+#r)i# > cr#(+#r#* (i 7i)ii#* *c+#ri#i

E(+# !oc! 7# (i+#, *! #7o+o<i#!or

01/13/16

CI&OPLASMA

01/13/16

CI&OPLASMA

Si(+#% co!oi7*! co%!#<5 ro+#i# "!ci7# !ii7# *,%i#r*!# S+rc+r, "r*!*r,5

Rioo%i ; 18 %' io!*+i (* c* r#+ic! #7o!*(%*+ic'ro! #(#+i*! > io(i+#* ro+#i#!or c#!!*r# r*!*+ii 7# )o!+i, $cor(c!i B*#(Er(+

"r*!*+ii %#+*cro%*+ic#- ; o!i%#+*9o(9*+i r*!*+ii $ic!ii- 7# "!ico"# *%i7o !ii7# #+c.

V*co!# ; co+i 7i9#ri+# ((+*+# > (o!+ii >)#!i+# 7#%#%r*, !ioro+#ic, & +oo!*(+

Co+i# %*ri c*+i+,+i 7# ARN ; ci+o!*(%* i+#( *o9i!,

01/13/16 0

Materialul nuclear

01/13/16 1

M*+#ri*!! c!#*r

N #(+# 7#!i%i+*+ 7# o %#%r*, 7i9#r#+i*+, A!c,+i+ 7i+r ic cro%oo% :*!oi7

For%*+ 7i+ro ic, %o!#c!, 7# ADN 7!:#!ic*+, >c:i(, Di)ii#* c!#!i r#c#7# 7i)ii#*

ci+o!*(%#i (i * #r#+#!i *c+#rii c 24 c!#i c#

**r c* ":#%# $(c!ri- 7# 9or%# 7i9#ri+# oc7c*% 1/10 7i )o!%! *c+#ri#i & *c+#rii # c*!#7# 7i)ii#

01/13/16 2

CAPSULA BACTERIAN

ca$ul* ; ((+*+, "#!*+io*(, %coi7, !*#<+#rior! c#!!#i *c+#ri## i#

7#!i%i+*+, )iii!, !* %icro(co microca$ul* $(!i%# !*#r' "!coc*!i<-

; ((+*+, "#!*+io*(, %coi7, !* #<+#rior!

c#!!#i *c+#ri## > (+r*+ (+ir##)i7#+i*i!, 7o*r ri %#+o7# c:i%ic#

01/13/16 3

CAPSULA BACTERIAN

gro$ime 1 mm $e formea"* ; ,n organi$mul ga"!*

; e me!ii ,n con!itii otime ; colonii 4M lucioa$e' mucoa$e' confluente como"itie ,n functie !e $ecie ; ,n general oli"a)ari!e

; olieti!e Bacillu$ ant)raci$ $ub$tante ca$ulare !iferite c)imic la aceea$i $ecie N

tulini !iferiteN!iferentiere $erologica

01/13/16 4

CAPSULA BACTERIAN

ROL( ; a$ociat* cu atogenitatea tulinii factor al

#irulentei ; rotector fat* !e factori noci#i Jfagocito"a'

!e$icatia:

; !e a!e"in* Jermite a!erarea unor bacterii: ; barier* rotectoare fat* !e bacteriofagi ; contine $ub$tante cu $ecificitate antigenic*

01/13/16 8

CAPSULA BACTERIAN

E3IDE2;IERE( ; coloratie negati#* cu tu$ !e C)ina'

colargol ; coloratii $eciale J/i$$: ; reactia !e umflare a ca$ulei J2eufel!:

cu $eruri oli#alente $i mono#alenteantica$ulare

01/13/16 6

01/13/16 =

01/13/16

01/13/16 100

01/13/16 101

CILII SAU 5LAGELII

or"*# 7# !oco%o+i# (+iri $002 %- 9i# *!"i+# $8;18;

=8%- #r*%i9ic*+# 9!#<ii!# (io*(# *!c,+i+i 7i 9!*"#!i, ; ro+#i, co%!#<,(i%i!*r, c %ioi* %(c!*r,

r#r#i+, *+i"#! 9!*"#!*r GH or#(c 7i ci+o!*(%* *c+#ri#i 7icor(c!! **!

01/13/16 102

CILII SAU 5LAGELII

1. Cor(c! **!; (i+*+ > ci+o!*(%,i%#7i*+ ( %#%r** ci+o!*(%*+ic,

*!c,+i+ 7i 2 7i(cri M (i P !* *c+#riir*%oi+i)# 4 7i(cri M S P L !* *c+#rii r*%

#"*+i)#2. Cr!i"3. Fi!*%#+ 9!*"#!*r

01/13/16 103

5lagelul

; 5lagelina Jrotein:5lagelina Jrotein:

01/13/16 104

CILII SI FLAELIIA+ric:# Moo+ric:# Lo9o+ric:# A%9i+ric:#P#ri+ric:#

01/13/16 108

01/13/16 10=

01/13/16 10

Fi%rii (* i!i

For%*+ii 9i!*%#+o*(# ri"i7# #ric#!!*r Pr##+# !* #!# *c+#rii "r*%#"*+i)##<c#+io*! !* *c+#rii "r*%oi+i)#$S+r#+ococc( %+*(- M*i (cr+# (i %*i (+iri 7#c+ ci!ii5 02 ; 20 %/ 3 10 %

N * ro! > %oi!i+*+# Ori"i#* > %#%r** ci+o!*(%*+ic, A!c,+i+# 7i (i+,+i ro+#ic# i!i,

01/13/16 10

Fi%rii (* i!i

Pi!i 7# (#< $7# co"*r#- ; 04 c,+i /c#!!,' co7i9ic*+i 7# !*(%i7#

Fi%rii 7# *7#i# ; 1030 c,+i / c#!!,'co7i9ic*+# 7# "## 7# # cro%oo%

Fi%rii co%# ; 80400 c,+i / c#!!,

01/13/16 110

Sor! *c+#ri*

9or%* 7# r#i(+#+, (i 7# co(#r)*r# *

(#ci#i

(# co!or#*, c co!or*+ii oi(i+#'#)i7#+i*+ ri %#+o7# (#ci*!#

o *c+#ri# 9or%#*, (i"r (or ;

(or 7, *(+#r# #i (i"r# *c+#rii 7i9#r, c* 9or%, 7i%#(i# oi+i#

01/13/16 111

Sor! *c+#ri*

Sor c#+r*! (9#ric %*i %ic 7#c+ cor! *c+#ri*

Sor c#+r*! o)*!*r %*i %*r# 7#c+ cor! *c+#ri* Sor (+#r%i*! o)*!*r %*i %*r# 7#c+

cor! *c+#ri* Sor +#r%i*! (9#ric %*i %*r# 7#c+ cor!

*c+#ri*

01/13/16 112

curs 1+2 bacteriologie mo

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