current trend in wound management - aado · current trend in wound management kwok wai yu ......

AADO Then 8th Orthopaedic Nursing Conference 2014

Pre-conference Workshop Wound Management Workshop

12 October 2014

Current Trend In Wound Management

Kwok Wai Yu APN, O&T, PWH

Wound Healing Process

Facilitates the wound-healing process:

prevention of tissue dehydration and cell death accelerated angiogenesis ↑breakdown of dead tissue and fibrin potentiating the interaction of growth factors with their

target cells

↓ Pain

Charles KF and others, 1994, Overview of wound healing in a moist environment

Moist Wound Environment

GREGORY SS & others, Wound bed preparation: a systematic approach to wound management, WOUND REP REG 2003;11:1–28

An ongoing debridement phase Autolytic debridement Surgical and sharp debridement Enzymatic debridement Mechanical debridement Biological therapy

Management of exudate Dressing selection

Resolution of bacterial imbalance Wound contamination Wound colonization Critical colonization Wound infection

Wound Bed Preparation

GREGORY SS & others, Wound bed preparation: a systematic approach to wound management, WOUND REP REG 2003;11:1–28

An ongoing debridement phase

• Autolytic debridement

• Surgical and sharp debridement

• Enzymatic debridement

• Mechanical debridement

• Biological therapy

Management of exudate

Resolution of bacterial imbalance

Wound Bed Preparation

Endogenous proteolytic enzymes

Moist environment

GREGORY SS & others, Wound bed preparation: a systematic approach to wound management, WOUND REP REG 2003;11:1–28

An ongoing debridement phase

• Autolytic debridement

• Surgical and sharp debridement

• Enzymatic debridement

• Mechanical debridement

• Biological therapy

Management of exudate

Resolution of bacterial imbalance

Wound Bed Preparation

Exogenous proteolytic enzymes that are manufactured

Collagenase-based debridement

Papain-based debridement

GREGORY SS & others, Wound bed preparation: a systematic approach to wound management, WOUND REP REG 2003;11:1–28

An ongoing debridement phase

• Autolytic debridement

• Surgical and sharp debridement

• Enzymatic debridement

• Mechanical debridement

• Biological therapy

Management of exudate

Resolution of bacterial imbalance

Wound Bed Preparation

Wet to dry gauze Pressurized

irrigation Whirlpool therapy

GREGORY SS & others, Wound bed preparation: a systematic approach to wound management, WOUND REP REG 2003;11:1–28

An ongoing debridement phase

• Autolytic debridement

• Surgical and sharp debridement

• Enzymatic debridement

• Mechanical debridement

• Biological therapy

Management of exudate

Resolution of bacterial imbalance

Wound Bed Preparation

Sterile maggots

Dowsett C, Ayello E., TIME principles of chronic wound bed preparation and treatment, Br J Nurs. 2004 Aug 12-Sep 8;13(15):S16-23.

TIME principles

Biofilm Theory

Wound Healing Approach

Patient Centered Understand Patient’s concerns Motivate Patient’s willingness Gain Patient’s compliances

Holistic Assess whole patient, not “hole” in patient

Explore contributing factors Apply preventive measures

Multidisciplinary O&T Surgeons, Dermatologists, Vascular surgeons

Nurses, PT, OT, P&O, Podiatrist, Dietitians GOPC, CGAT, Wound clinics, DM clinics,

Home helpers

Foam / Gauze

Negative Pressure Wound Therapy

Mechanism: – Reduces localized edema

– Stimulates localized blood flow

– Promotes granulation tissue formation

– Reduces bacterial load

Maggot Debridement Therapy (MDT)

• The beneficial effects of using larvae in wounds were first noticed in 1557; first clinical application was during American Civil War (1861-1865)

• Not a NEW discovery: being rediscovered with reduced effectiveness of antibiotics

• FDA approval in 2004

TopClosure Method

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

Administration of oxygen at pressure greater than sea level

Rationale for Hyperbaric Oxygen in Problem Wounds: Enhances fibroblast replication ↑ collagen synthesis ↑ neovascularization ↑ leukocyte bactericidal activity ↑ O2 tension → greater capillary

oxygen diffusion distances

In conclusion, this study shows the effectiveness of HBO in improving wound healing and reducing repetitive surgery. We believe that HBO is a useful adjunct in the management of severe (grade III) crush injuries of the limbs in patients more than 40 years old.

• Portable, Ambulatory, Small Size Products to facilitate

In hospital Care → Home / Community Care

Not HBO!!!

NPWT machines and

products decrease in size

Single product → Combinations

Medihoney + NPWT 2010

High Osmolarity (high sugar level):

causes a mass outflow of bacteria, endotoxins &

sloughy material away from wound bed;

increases autolytic debridement & reduce inflammatory

response (e.g. oedema & exudate) & odour

Low Water Content:

insufficient water to

support bacteria

growth

Acidity (pH 3.2-4.5):

inhibits microbial growth & improves

oxygen diffusion; control protease

activity; stimulate angiogenesis & healing

Antioxidants:

scavenge free radicals

that arise from

inflammation ; reduces

cellular damage

Medihoney

• F/5 • PHx: good • Fell from motorcycle with left heel caught

by the wheel in 07/2012 • Attended China hospital with wound

exploration, debridement & tendon repair performed, then came back to HK for further mx in 08/2012

• Option for conservative mx • Wound Culture: no growth

Portable NPWT Device ~ 6 weeks

Combined NPWT and TopClosure in management of diabetic foot

Cited from: http://www.ijps.org/article.asp?issn=0970358;year=2012;volume=45;issue=2;spage=291;epage=301;aulast=Topaz on date 2014.10.10

Acknoledgement

Choi Kah Leng, APN, O&T, PWH

9ABC O&T staffs

Reference Field, C. K., & Kerstein, M. D. (1994). Overview of wound healing in a moist environment.

The American journal of surgery, 167(1), S2-S6. Chong SJ & others. (2011). Maintenance of negative-pressure wound therapy while

undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Diving Hyperb Med, 41(3),147-50. Doctor, N., Pandya, S., & Supe, A. (1992). Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in diabetic foot.

Journal of postgraduate medicine, 38(3), 112. Dowsett C, Ayello E. (2004). TIME principles of chronic wound bed preparation and

treatment, Br J Nurs. 13(15),S16-23 Rolee K and others. (2003) .Topical oxygen as an adjunct to wound healing: a clinical

case series. Pathophysiology, 9 81-87 GREGORY SS & others.(2003). Wound bed preparation: a systematic approach to wound

management, WOUND REP REG, 11:1–28 Rodriguez PG & others. (2008). The role of oxygen in wound healing: a review of the

literature. Dermatology Surgery, 34(9),1159-69 Edna FG. Active Leptospermum Honey and Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for

Nonhealing Postsurgical Wounds. Ostomy Wound Management 2010; March:10-12. Glenn S. Management of Wounds with Antibacterial Medical Honey (Leptospermum sp)

and Topical Negative Pressure (TPN). Wounds UK 2010; 6(1):143-145.

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