current state of pm-monitoring in north rhine-westphalia dr. klaus vogt air quality monitoring...
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Current State ofPM-Monitoring in North Rhine-Westphalia
Dr. Klaus VogtAir Quality Monitoring Network
State Agency for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection of North Rhine – Westphalia (LANUV)
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Current State of PM10-Monitoring
A: Choice of PM measurement stations
B: Equipment – calibrations – future trends
C: Data aquisition – data handling
D: Spatial interpolation of point data
E: Forecast Modelling
LANUV is responsible for Air Quality Monitoring and Assessment throughout NRW
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a bundle of aspects from different points of view
A: Choice of Measurement Sites
Long term monitoring network Legal requirements Repetition measurements External requests Internet-Screening
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A1: Legal Aspects
Air Quality Directive 1999/30/EC – Federal Emission Law (BImSchG)
Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC – national law in preparation
Minimum requirements, depending on zoning, population and lower/upper assessment thresholds
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Messorte in Gebieten
PM10 (disko &
konti)
Ballungsraum EWZ 07 Ist09
Aachen 390.041 2
Bielefeld 324.912 3
Dortmund 949.370 4
Duisburg 1.059.862 4
Krefeld 236.516 2
Düsseldorf 969.964 3
Essen-Bochum 1.865.479 7
Hagen 300.348 3
Köln-Bonn 2.037.611 6
M.-Gladbach 260.018 2
Münster 272.951 2
Stolberg 58.294 -
Wuppertal 805.220 3
Warstein 39.316 1
Rheinisches Braunkohlerevier 310.865 2
Restgebiet 8.174.148 9
Summe 17.996.621 53
Zones and agglomerations established in NRW; minimum requirements for PM measurements
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Minumum requirement of sampling sites (Annex V, extract)a) Urban background and traffic:for NO2, PM, CO, Benzene at least one station each
population Conc. > UAT UAT > Conc. > LAT not PM (PM10/2,5) not PM (PM10/2,5)
< 250.000 1 2 1 1 > 250.000 2 3 1 2
… > 750.000 3 4 1 2 > 1 Mio 4 6 2 3
> 1,5 Mio 5 7 2 3 > 2 Mio 6 8 3 4
… > 6 Mio 10 15 4 7
b) Industrial sources: due to exposition and emission density, spatial distribution
c) Ecosystems 1 per 20.000 km² 1 per 40.000 km²
Measurement sites
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A2: Repetition Measurements
15 mobile containers (max. 2x2 m) within the network
Rotating principle with available ressources:First Measurements (Year 1)
When exceedance of limit value:
Air Quality Plan (Year 2-3)
Measures (Year 3 ff)
Controll Measurement (Year 4)
No longer feasible according to regulations in 2008/60/EC:
immobilisation of measurement sites when exceeding limit values
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A3: External requests
Ministries (Environment, Economy, Health...) 5 Regional Governments in NRW (Köln, Düsseldorf...) 396 Municipalities (see below: Internet-Screening) NGO´s Citizen´s initiatives
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A4: Internet-Screening
Searching for suspicious traffic hot spots via a simplified dispersion modell
Cooperation with city agencies for environment via an internet tool
Basis for measurement request
Cities can find and calculate their own hot spots
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Air Quality Sreening NRW Searching for hot spots:
Reduced modell tool (IMMISweb) for cities via internet application (IMMIS dispersion modell by IVU Freiburg)
Calculation of PM and other components in street canyons, using reduced data on traffic and building geometry
http://www.lanuv.nrw.de/luft/ausbreitung/luft_screening.htm
http://www.ivu-umwelt.de/front_content.php?idcatart=86#luft2
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Procedure for site planning and decision
Collecting and plausibility testing of ideas / requests / options /ressources
Inspection of preselected sites (problems, technical feasability...)
LANUV monitoring programme meeting in September
Report to Ministry and Regional Governments, asking for improvement proposals
Decisions in October
Preparation of measurement sites from October / January
Start of mesurement between 15.12. and 15.01.
Presentation of monitoring programme on internet
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The Monitoring Network in NRW72 sites, including 15 traffic sites and 9 industrial hot spots in 2009
Main continuous measurements:- 64 x PM10 + PM2.5- 62 x NO2 - 19 x SO2 - 32 x Ozone
Main continuous measurements: - 42 x PM10 + PM2.5
- 74 x NO2 passive samplers (incl. metal and PAH analysis)
stationtypes
background
forest
industry
traffic
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Background Industry
Forest
Types of Stations
Traffic
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B: PM-Equipment – Calibration – Future Trends
Current Equipment:PM10: FH62 IR (14) TEOM SES (29)(101) TEOM FDMS (17) SHARP (5)
Digitel DHA 80 (35) Derenda LVS3 (1)
PM 2,5: TEOM FDMS (5) SHARP (6)(24) Leckel SEQ47/50 (12) Derenda LVS3 (1)
Trends: less devices: FH62 IR, DERENDA LVS3, TEOM FDMS
more devices: Digitel DHA 80
safety reasons: PM2.5 AEI-Network gravimetric
(ongoing testing in laboratory and field with SHARP and BAM)
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PM calibration procedure
Parallel measurement at 20 sites with gravimetric reference method and continuously measuring device
Yearly statistical analysis of all data in February (RIVM spreadsheet tests , calibration factors ...)
Determination of calibration factors for different types of PM devices for the past year, using them as provisional factors for the ongoing year (sometimes individual factor for special sites)
Example 2009: 1. TEOM-FDMS (B,C und CB): * Faktor 1,132. TEOM-SES: * Faktor 1,283. FH62: * Faktor 1,284. SHARP: * Faktor 1,06
http://www.lanuv.nrw.de/luft/immissionen/ber_trend/erlaeuterungen2008.pdf
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C: Data aquisition – data handling Measuring Systems for Air Quality Monitoring
Compounds of PM (total and
fractions PM10 / PM 2.5
• Lead
• Cadmium
• Nickel
• Arsenic
• Chromium
• Iron
• Zinc
• Antimon
• Benzo[a]pyrene
• Deposition of PM incl.
metallic compounds
• Soot
• Benzene and other
hydrocarbons
• Polychlorinated
Biphenyles (PCB)
• Polyhalogenated
Dibenzodioxines und
Dibenzofuranes
Major spectrum of organic and
inorganic compounds
analyzed be special
equipment:
• Continuous measuring
• Mobile GC/MS
• Mobile XREM with EDX
• Sensors and testtubes
• Meteorologic devices
• Sampling equipment
• Protective equipment for working in danger zones
Automated measuring systems
Online data
PM-measurements (analysis in lab)
Daily values
Measurements for lab analysis
Daily + monthly values
Task Force
In-site-analysis
• SO2
• NO und NO2
• Particulate Matter:
Total and PM10 / PM 2.5
• Ozone O3
Meteorological Parameters
e.g. direction and velocity of
wind, air temp, pressure etc.
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Fixed station Mobile station
Laboratory analytik
LUQS-Central OfficeLANUV NRW Essen
worldwideUser... ...or
directconnected computer
IT NRW
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Data flow for PM10 telemetric online measurements
Station: PM data in a frequence of 5 sec to 6 minaggregation to 0.5h-values and 24h-values
transfer via ISDN telephone line by automatic active query
Central data base: formal controls, calibration factor
transfer to internet and videotext as 24h-moving average
validation procedures (formal and professional)
Storage in central data base
internet presentation as validated daily values and exceedance day table
Yearly analyses with additional PL-controls and calibration factors
internet presentation as validated monthly
and yearly values and exceedance days
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Internet presentation of PM data
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EURAD-FLADIS NRW:
a combination of modell results by EURAD (RIU Köln) with measurement data at background stations in the NRW monitoring network (LUQS)
(“calibration of model results with
measured data by data assimilation”)
analysis and vizualisation of spatial data
for different components and years
(status and prognosis)
Use as background data e.g. for the internetscreening (see above)http://www.ivu-umwelt.de/front_content.php?idcatart=89#fladis1
D: Spatial Interpolation of PM point data
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E: Forecast modelling in NRW
EURAD Modell of RIU Köln:
European Dispersion and Deposition Modell (used by UBA, NRW, BW)
Regional chemical aerosol transport model nested, horizontal resolution up to 1 km x 1 km four modules: meteorology (MM5), emissions (EE5), aerosols (MADE), chemistry (CTM) Forecast of immission on regional scale
Ozone, SO2, NO2, PM, CO, Benzene Additionally: modelling of annual averages
regional background values for, e.g., clean air plans
N0: Europe 125 km x 125 km
N1: Germany, 25 km x 25 km
N2: NRW, 5 km x 5 km
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E: Forecast modelling in NRW, case studies (HERMINE)
Sensitivity studies for contribution of emission sources to the background concentration of PM10, PM2.5, NO2 for 2006, with
- actual emissions / basic case - no anthropogenic emissions in Germany - anthropogenic emissions only in NRW - no anthropogenic emissions in NRW - no gaseous emissions in NRW- no industrial emissions in NRW - no car emissions in NRW
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E: Forecast modelling in NRW, case studies (HERMINE)
Basic case no road traffic in NRW no industry in NRW
One Result: PM10 NRW Yearly Average in µg/m³ 2006
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Thanks for attention !
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Mini-Container für Measurements at traffic hot spots
Mini-Container
(1.2 x 2.0 m)
Example: Street canyon at B224 in Essen
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Dortmund Brackeler Straße
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Measurement at the motorway A40 in Essen
Container
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Area of Clean Air Plan
Area for Calculation
Lignite Pit Hambach
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Lignite Pit Hambach
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Source Apportionment at Point of Exceedance
1. total concentration (point of exceedance)
2. total background concentration, urban background concentration
3. regional background concentration
regional background concentration
industry (steel works)
traffic (urban canyon)
NO2, PM10
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Gravimetric Method PM10
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Gravimetric Method PM10
Zum Filter
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Continuous Measurement PM10 (I)
Oscillating Microballance
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Continuous Measurement PM10 (II)
-Absorption:
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PM10-exceedances (daily mean) 2008
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
EIFE
ROTH
AABU
SOES
WUL
A
SIGH
RODE
MSG
E
LEV2
RAT2
HUE2
SOLI
HATT
SHW2
DATT
NIED
EKRY
WES
E
BIEL
KREF
LOER
BONN
BORG
MGR
H
BOST
LUEV
STYR
GELS
EVOG
BOTT
NETT
LUEA
DABA
CHOR
BUCH
DMD2
DUH3
GRGG
WAL
S
KRES
DUM2
NIZI
DUUM
DUBR
STOH
KRHA
n >
50µg/m
³
limit value
Forrest sites Background sites Industrial sites
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PM10-exceedances (daily mean) 2008
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
VB
IS
VE
SN
VW
IT
VM
GR
VK
TU
VD
OR
VH
AL
VH
UE
VD
UI
VW
EL
VG
EV
VA
CW
VH
AM
VM
SW
DD
CS
n >
50µg/m
³ limit value
Traffic sites
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Yearly run of PM10-concentrations in 2008
DDCS: Düsseldorf CorneliusstraßeEIFE: Simmerath (Eifel)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
01
.01
.08
15
.01
.08
29
.01
.08
12
.02
.08
26
.02
.08
11
.03
.08
25
.03
.08
08
.04
.08
22
.04
.08
06
.05
.08
20
.05
.08
03
.06
.08
17
.06
.08
01
.07
.08
15
.07
.08
29
.07
.08
12
.08
.08
26
.08
.08
09
.09
.08
23
.09
.08
07
.10
.08
21
.10
.08
04
.11
.08
18
.11
.08
02
.12
.08
16
.12
.08
30
.12
.08
[µg
/m³]
Vo 38 PMLAB 20100304_Heerlen
Subunit 42 LANUV: Air Quality Monitoring - Assessment and Information
Running of continuously working Monitoring network
Interpretation and assessment
Online data transfer (Internet, Videotext)
Preparation of reports….
Validation of measured results, comparison with limit values, interpretation of trends, effect-control of measures concerning air quality, reactions to requests, consultance of citizens by telephone
Lectures and speeches
Coordination of Clean-Air-Plan activities inside department 4
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