cultural & historic heritage landscapes

N Z P I C u l t u ra l & H i s t o r i c H e r i t a g e L a n d s c a p e s

Di Lucas, Registered FNZILA Landscape Architect

Lucas Associates

R e s o u r c e M a n a g e m e n t A c t 1 9 9 1 P a r t 2 P u r p o s e a n d p r i n c i p l e s

6 M a t t e r s o f n a t i o n a l i m p o r t a n c e

( f ) t h e p r o t e c t i o n o f h i s t o r i c h e r i t a g e f r o m …

h i s t o r i c h e r i t a g e –

(a) means those natural and physical resources that contribute to an understanding and appreciation of New Zealand’s history and cultures, deriving from any of the following qualities:

i. archaeological: ii. architectural: iii. cultural: iv. historic: v. scientific: vi. technological; and

(b) includes –

i. historic sites, structures, places and areas; and ii. archaeological sites; and iii. sites of significance to māori, including wāhi tapu; and iv. surroundings associated with the natural and physical resources

New Zealand Coasta l Pol icy Statement 2010: Policy 17 Historic heritage identification and protection

Protect historic heritage in the coastal environment from inappropriate subdivision, use, and development by: (a) identification, assessment and recording of historic heritage, including archaeological sites; (b) providing for the integrated management of such sites in collaboration with relevant councils, heritage agencies, iwi authorities and kaitiaki;

(c) initiating assessment and management of historic heritage in the context of historic landscapes; (d) recognising that heritage to be protected may need conservation; (e) facilitating and integrating management of historic heritage that spans the line of mean high water springs; (f) including policies, rules and other methods relating to (a) to (e) above in regional policy statements, and plans; (g) imposing or reviewing conditions on resource consents and designations, including for the continuation of activities; (h) requiring, where practicable, conservation conditions; (i) considering provision for methods that would enhance owners’ opportunities for conservation of listed heritage structures, such as relief grants or rates relief.

I C O M O S N E W Z E A L A N D

C h a r t e r f o r t h e C o n s e r v a t i o n o f P l a c e s o f

C u l t u r a l H e r i t a g e V a l u e

Proposed RPS: Policy 13.3.3 – Historic cultural and historic heritage landscapes

W h e n d e t e r m i n i n g t h e s i g n i f i c a n c e o f v a l u e s o f h i s t o r i c c u l t u r a l o r h i s t o r i c h e r i t a g e l a n d s c a p e s , t h e f o l l o w i n g m a t t e r s w i l l b e c o n s i d e r e d :

( 1 ) H e r i t a g e f a b r i c

( 2 ) T i m e d e p t h ( 3 ) N a t u r a l s c i e n c e v a l u e ( 4 ) Ta n g a t a w h e n u a v a l u e ( 5 ) C u l t u r a l d i v e r s i t y

( 6 ) L e g i b i l i t y a n d e v i d e n t i a l v a l u e ( 7 ) S h a r e d a n d r e c o g n i s e d v a l u e ( 8 ) A e s t h e t i c v a l u e ( 9 ) H i s t o r i c o r c u l t u r a l i m p o r t a n c e

( 1 ) H e r i t a g e f a b r i c

A historic cultural or historic heritage landscape will display relationships, webs, spaces,

nodes, networks, features and/or activities and will not be simply a collection of

historically unrelated items and places.

W a i r o a , M a n u k a u

Source: Lucas Associates 2009

( 1 ) H e r i t a g e f a b r i c A historic cultural or historic

heritage landscape will display relationships, webs, spaces, nodes, networks, features and/or activities and will not be simply a collection of historically unrelated items and places.

C h r i s t c h u r c h C i t y G r i d

( 1 ) H e r i t a g e f a b r i c

A historic cultural or historic heritage landscape will display relationships, webs, spaces, nodes, networks, features and/or activities and will not be simply a collection of historically unrelated items and places.

C h r i s t c h u r c h C i t y V i e w s h a f t s

Source: Lucas Associates 1995

( 1 ) H e r i t a g e f a b r i c

A historic cultural or historic heritage landscape will display relationships, webs, spaces, nodes, networks, features and/or activities and will not be simply a collection of historically unrelated items and places.

( 2 ) T i m e d e p t h The presence of era layers – links, overlays, eradication. This is an expression of a particular era, or many eras and the variety and linkages between these eras that are present in a landscape.

( 2 ) T i m e d e p t h The presence of era layers – links, overlays, eradication. This is an expression of a particular era, or many eras and the variety and linkages between these eras that are present in a landscape.

C h e v i o t H i l l s H o m e s t e a d ( 2 ) T i m e d e p t h

The presence of era layers – links, overlays, eradication. This is an expression of a particular era, or many eras and the variety and linkages between these eras that are present in a landscape.

C h e v i o t H i l l s H o m e s t e a d

( 2 ) T i m e d e p t h The presence of era layers – links, overlays, eradication. This is an expression of a particular era, or many eras and the variety and linkages between these eras that are present in a landscape.

C h e v i o t H i l l s V i e w s h a f t

( 2 ) T i m e d e p t h The presence of era layers – links, overlays, eradication. This is an expression of a particular era, or many eras and the variety and linkages between these eras that are present in a landscape.

( 2 ) T i m e d e p t h The presence of era layers – links, overlays, eradication. This is an expression of a particular era, or many eras and the variety and linkages between these eras that are present in a landscape.

C h e v i o t H i l l s Y e w P a t h , B e l l T o w e r & M a n a g e r s H o u s e

( 2 ) T i m e d e p t h The presence of era layers – links, overlays, eradication. This is an expression of a particular era, or many eras and the variety and linkages between these eras that are present in a landscape.

A r r o w t o w n Source: Lucas Associates 1994

( 2 ) T i m e d e p t h The presence of era layers – links, overlays, eradication. This is an expression of a particular era, or many eras and the variety and linkages between these eras that are present in a landscape.

A r r o w t o w n Source: Lucas Associates 1994

( 2 ) T i m e d e p t h The presence of era layers – links, overlays, eradication. This is an expression of a particular era, or many eras and the variety and linkages between these eras that are present in a landscape.

Source: Lucas Associates 2003

( 2 ) T i m e

d e p t h The presence of era layers – links, overlays, eradication. This is an expression of a particular era, or many eras and the variety and linkages between these eras that are present in a landscape.

( 3 ) N a t u r a l s c i e n c e v a l u e An expression of the ways in which the natural values of a landscape (geological, topographical, ecological and dynamic components of the landscape) have translated into the cultural landscape and influenced human actions, beliefs and traditions.

A d m i r a l t y B a y , M a r l b o r o u g h S o u n d s Source: Lucas Associates 1997

( 3 ) N a t u r a l s c i e n c e v a l u e

An expression of the ways in which the natural values of a landscape (geological, topographical, ecological and dynamic components of the landscape) have translated into the cultural landscape and influenced human actions, beliefs and traditions.

R e e f t o n

Photo source: Flickr

( 3 ) N a t u r a l s c i e n c e v a l u e An expression of the ways in which the natural values of a landscape (geological, topographical, ecological and dynamic components of the landscape) have translated into the cultural landscape and influenced human actions, beliefs and traditions.

( 4 ) T a n g a t a w h e n u a v a l u e Cultural and spiritual heritage values for tangata whenua identified in accordance with tikanga Maori.

T a k a p u n e k e

O n a w e

A k a r o a H a r b o u r

( 4 ) T a n g a t a w h e n u a v a l u e

Cultural and spiritual heritage values for tangata whenua identified in accordance with tikanga Maori.

( 5 ) C u l t u r a l d i v e r s i t y How the landscape expresses the presence of cultural/ racial variety in a variety of layers (tangata whenua, pakeha/European, Chinese, Pacific Islands, other) and whether and how these layers are linked or otherwise related to each other.

G r e e n s t o n e T r a i l s Source: http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/nga-waewae-tapu-maori-exploration/10/5

( 5 ) C u l t u r a l d i v e r s i t y

How the landscape expresses the presence of cultural/ racial variety in a variety of layers (tangata whenua, pakeha/European, Chinese, Pacific Islands, other) and whether and how these layers are linked or otherwise related to each other.

( 5 ) C u l t u r a l d i v e r s i t y

How the landscape expresses the presence of cultural/ racial variety in a variety of layers (tangata whenua, pakeha/European, Chinese, Pacific Islands, other) and whether and how these layers are linked or otherwise related to each other.

L a k e S u m n e r l o o k i n g t o H a r p e r ’ s P a s s

( 5 ) C u l t u r a l d i v e r s i t y How the landscape expresses the presence of cultural/ racial variety in a variety of layers (tangata whenua, pakeha/European, Chinese, Pacific Islands, other) and whether and how these layers are linked or otherwise related to each other.

H a r p e r P a s s Photo source:Flickr

T a r a m a k a u - H u r u n u i T r a i l

( 5 ) C u l t u r a l d i v e r s i t y How the landscape expresses the presence of cultural/ racial variety in a variety of layers (tangata whenua, pakeha/European, Chinese, Pacific Islands, other) and whether and how these layers are linked or otherwise related to each other.

( 6 ) L e g i b i l i t y a n d e v i d e n t i a l v a l u e s How the landscape clearly expresses past cultural processes, strong historic connotations and evokes a distinctive sense of place; and/ or how factual and recorded knowledge (archival, statutory, archaeological and ethnographic), oral and anecdotal history, folklore and other methods of historic tradition provide evidence for the physical presence of intact layers, remnant layers or traces.

H i g h C o u n t r y B a s i n G r a s s l a n d s

( 6 ) L e g i b i l i t y a n d e v i d e n t i a l v a l u e s How the landscape clearly expresses past cultural processes, strong historic connotations and evokes a distinctive sense of place; and/ or how factual and recorded knowledge (archival, statutory, archaeological and ethnographic), oral and anecdotal history, folklore and other methods of historic tradition provide evidence for the physical presence of intact layers, remnant layers or traces.

( 6 ) L e g i b i l i t y a n d e v i d e n t i a l v a l u e s How the landscape clearly expresses past cultural processes, strong historic connotations and evokes a distinctive sense of place; and/ or how factual and recorded knowledge (archival, statutory, archaeological and ethnographic), oral and anecdotal history, folklore and other methods of historic tradition provide evidence for the physical presence of intact layers, remnant layers or traces.

( 6 ) L e g i b i l i t y a n d e v i d e n t i a l v a l u e s How the landscape clearly expresses past cultural processes, strong historic connotations and evokes a distinctive sense of place; and/ or how factual and recorded knowledge (archival, statutory, archaeological and ethnographic), oral and anecdotal history, folklore and other methods of historic tradition provide evidence for the physical presence of intact layers, remnant layers or traces.

H a k a t e r e S t a t i o n B u i l d i n g s , A s h b u r t o n B a s i n

Photo source: http://www.nzetc.org/etexts/Gov09_08Rail/Gov09_08Rail033b & Lonelyplanet.com

( 7 ) S h a r e d a n d r e c o g n i s e d v a l u e Includes social, symbolic and political values, and the relationship of the current generation with the heritage environment, its traditions and stories.

T e W a i k o r o p u p u , T a s m a n D i s t r i c t

The relationship with visitors ripples out from the sacredness of the central “sanctuary”, Te Waikoropupu, to the activities and services in the surrounding district, and the information projected in the world beyond.

Source: Lucas Associates 1999

( 7 ) S h a r e d a n d r e c o g n i s e d v a l u e

Includes social, symbolic and political values, and the relationship of the current generation with the heritage environment, its traditions and stories.

T a y l o r ’ s M i s t a k e

( 7 ) S h a r e d a n d r e c o g n i s e d v a l u e

Includes social, symbolic and political values, and the relationship of the current generation with the heritage environment, its traditions and stories.

F i o r d l a n d

( 7 ) S h a r e d a n d r e c o g n i s e d v a l u e Includes social, symbolic and political values, and the relationship of the current generation with the heritage environment, its traditions and stories.

( 8 ) A e s t h e t i c v a l u e Cultural patterns, processes and elements and their coherence, memorability, and community perceptions.

L i n d i s P a s s

( 8 ) A e s t h e t i c v a l u e Cultural patterns, processes and elements and their coherence, memorability, and community perceptions.

( 8 ) A e s t h e t i c v a l u e Cultural patterns, processes and elements and their coherence, memorability, and community perceptions.

Source: Lucas Associates 2008

M a l v e r n H i l l s

Source: Lucas Associates 2008

( 8 ) A e s t h e t i c v a l u e

Cultural patterns, processes and elements and their coherence, memorability, and community perceptions.

Source: Lucas Associates 2008

( 8 ) A e s t h e t i c v a l u e

Cultural patterns, processes and elements and their coherence, memorability, and community perceptions.

( 9 ) H i s t o r i c o r c u l t u r a l i m p o r t a n c e Representativeness, rarity, and distinctiveness of character - how strongly the heritage expresses culture(s) values, presence and development.

T e P u n a , P e r e r u a P e n i n s u l a

Source: Lucas Associates 2004

( 9 ) H i s t o r i c o r c u l t u r a l i m p o r t a n c e Representativeness, rarity, and distinctiveness of character - how strongly the heritage expresses culture(s) values, presence and development.

L o s s o f H e r i t a g e

www.lucas-associates.co.nz