csec biology 2014 revision

Biology

Revision For 2014 CSEC Examination

Cells

Diffusion

• Definition:

• Example:

Osmosis

• Movement of water molecules

• Across cell selectively permeable membrane

• E.g

Active Transport

• Low to high concentration

• Across cell membrane

• Requires energy (ATP)

Food chain/web

• You should be able to identify – Producer, primary consumer,

secondary consumer etc.

– Herbivore, Carnivore, Omnivore

– Main source of energy?

– What limits the number of trophic levels?

Pyramid of number

Pyramid of Energy

Symbiosis

• Mutualism

• Commensalism

• Parasitism

Autotrophic Nutrition

• Photosynthesis

– Light stage: Light energy splits water molecules ( H and O)

– Dark Stage: H combine with CO2 forming glucose

– Word and chemical equation of photosynthesis

Photosynthesis

Cross section of leaf

• Mutualism

Heterotrophic nutrition

• Should be able to – Draw digestive system, and label parts

– Know the function of macro and micro nutrients

– Deficiency disease: e.g. anemia, kwashiorkor, Marasmus, and Obesity

– Identify types of teeth and label parts correctly

– Write dental formula

– Care of teeth: e.g. brush with fluoride toothpaste, Ca in diet

– Role of enzymes

Digestive system

• Where mechanical digestion occurs?

• Chemical digestion

• Food products that are absorbed into the small intestine (iluem)– Amino acids

– Glucose

– Fatty acids and glycerol

Enzymes

• Amylase:

• Pepsin

• Rennin

• Trypsin

• Lipase

• Maltase

Respiration

• Draw respiratory system and annotate structures

• Breathing vs respiration

• Aerobic vs anaerobic

• Oxygen dept

• Gas exchange in plants and single cellular organisms– Plants: stomata, lenticels and root hairs

Breathing

•

Alveoli: gas exchange by diffusion

Bronchi into bronchiole

Trachea divides into two bronchi

Trachea, epiglottis opens

Nose: moisten air

Gas exchange

•

Plants gas exchange

• Day: gives off oxygen (photosynthesis occurs faster than respiration)

• Night: Gives off Carbon dioxide

Transport system

• Types of blood cells

• Role of platelets- Thrombocytes

• Heart: structure and function

• Blood vessels

Blood circulation

Transport in Plants-Dicots

•

Transport in Plants-Dicots

•

Excretion

• Excretory products

• Plants: O2 CO2, ,Nitrogenous compounds

• Animals: CO2, H2O, Ammonia, Urea

• Excretory organs

• Plants: Stomata, or some stored in leaves and barks

• Animals: Skin, Kidney, Lungs, Liver (Bile)

Deamination

Nervous System

• CNS and PNS

• Stimulus, Receptors, Effectors

• Types of Neurons

Reflex Action

• Hormones are released from

glands/cells into the blood vessels

• They travel to target organs, where

they cause a change

How does the Endocrine system works

Sense Organs

• Should be able to label all (draw as

well)

The End

Nabeel Publication