critical infrastructure dependencies

Critical Infrastructure Dependencies

Prepared for

1st National Symposium on Resilient Critical Infrastructure, Resilience Week

2014, Denver, Colorado

August 19, 2014

Prepared by

Frédéric Petit and Julia Phillips

Infrastructure Assurance Center, Decision & Information Sciences

Critical Infrastructure Dependency

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Critical Infrastructure Dependency

linkage or connection between two infrastructures, by which the state of one infrastructure influences or is reliant upon the state of the other

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Sector A:

Provider

Sector B:

User

Products

Services

Dimensions of Dependencies

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Type of Dependency

Physical

Cyber

Geographic

Logical

Operating Environment

Business/

Economic

Public Policy and Legal/

Regulatory

Technical/

Security

Health/Safety

Social/

Political

Coupling and Response Behavior

Adaptive or Inflexible

Loose or Tight

Linear or Complex

Type of Failure

Common Cause

Cascading

Escalating

Infrastructure Characteristics

Organizational

Operational

Temporal

Spatial

State of Operation

Normal

Stressed/

Disrupted

Repair/

Restoration

(Adapted from Rinaldi, Peerenboom, and Kelly, 2001)

Sector Dependency Matrix

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Water Sector Dependency

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Water and Wastewater Systems

Sector

• Raw Water Supply

• Raw Water Transmission

• Raw Water Storage

• Water Treatment Facility

• Treated Water Storage

• Treated Water Distribution System

• Treated Water Monitoring System

• Treated Water Distribution Control

Center

• Wastewater Facility

• Regulatory, Oversight, or Industry

Organization

Is Dependent Upon

Provides Products To

Upstream

Dependencies

Downstream

Dependencies

Chemical

Communications

Dams

Energy

Information Technology

Transportation Systems

Chemical

Commercial Facilities

Communications

Critical Manufacturing

Dams

Defense Industrial Base

Emergency Services

Energy

Financial Services

Food and Agriculture

Government Facilities

Healthcare and Public Health

Information Technology

Nuclear Reactors, Materials, and Waste

Water and Wastewater Systems

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Water Facility Dependency

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(DHS OCIA, 2014)

Cascading and Escalating Failures

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Critical Infrastructure Dependencies and Risk

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Vulnerability

Resilience

Consequences

Threat/

Hazard RISK

Critical Infrastructure Dependency

Typical approaches

– Top-Down

– Bottom-Up

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Dependency Curves Dashboard

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Dependency Curves Dashboard (Cont’d)

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Critical Infrastructure Resilience

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(Portante et al., 2011)

Critical Infrastructure Resilience

Additional

Accessibility

Time for Crew

Replacement of Damaged Pipelinenew pipeline segment

Time Until Area Is Safe

Inert gas

Hydrostatic Testing

Blowdown of pipe contents

Natural

Gas

Service Restored

Purging of PipelineInert gas & air

Inert gas

Initiating Event Occurs

Location (urban, rural, remote)

affects access time.

Repeat repair if

test fails.

0 5t1

(hrs)

Pro

ba

bili

ty

De

ns

ity

0 5t2

(hrs)

Pro

ba

bili

ty

De

ns

ity

0 30

Pro

ba

bili

ty

De

ns

ity

0 10t6

(hrs)

Pro

ba

bili

ty

De

ns

ity

t5

(hrs)+ t5+

Probability Distribution over

Restoration Time

0 3t3(hrs)

Pro

ba

bili

ty

De

ns

ity

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0 10 20 30 40

Hours

Pro

ba

bil

ity D

en

sit

y

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Dependencies are complex and multi-dimensional

Infrastructure dependencies should be factored into risk decisions – protection/resilience

Assessment of interdependencies

There is no one solution to analyzing dependencies

Dependencies constitute a growing research area with great need for enhanced capability and innovation

Summary

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