covalent bonding 5
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Covalent Bonding 1-3
Covalent BondsSharing of electrons.All atoms still want a full outer shell.All formed molecules must have a
stable charge zero.Nonmetal to nonmetal.Hydrogen is a nonmetal and always
forms a covalent bond because hydrogen has no shell underneath to give away its only electron.
ExamplesH2
Examples
HCl
The electron sharing can be represented using an electron-dot diagram.
H H
H Cl
The combination of atoms formed by a covalent bond is called a molecule.
Examples
Polyatomic ionsName Formula
Ammonium NH4
Acetate C2H3O2
Chlorate ClO3
Hydrogen carbonate HCO3
Hydroxide OHNitrate NO3
Nitrite NO2
Carbonate CO3
Sulfate SO4
Sulfite SO3
phosphate PO4
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