course of mt- 362 material handling lecture 2. overview of previous lecture mh definitions...
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Course of MT- 362Material Handling
Lecture 2
Overview of previous lecture
• MH definitions• Historical background
• Importance and requirements of MH• Advantages and disadvantages of MH
• Types of loads
Stages in Material Handling
• It is important to consider differentoptions for material management
• These options mainly depends on the
The same can also be
- Material
- Economy
- Equipment
- Resources (human)
written in the form:
ManMoney
MaterialMachine
These options contributes towardsefficient transfer of material
Stages in Material Handling
• The material management groupshould always ask these questions:
- Why?
- What?
- When? & Where?
- How?
– By whom?
Thus if material handling isnecessary, then material transfermethods and equipment will beadvised accordingly
MH Classification
• MH classification by equipment type• MH classification by method
MH Classification by Equipment Type
Overview of material handling equipment
- Transport Equipment• Equipment used to move material from one location to
another (e.g., between workplaces, between a loadingdock and a storage area, etc.). The major subcategoriesof transport equipment are conveyors, cranes andindustrial trucks. Material can also be transportedmanually using no equipment
- Positioning Equipment• Equipment used to handle material at a single location so
that it is in the correct position for subsequent handling,machining, transport, or storage. Unlike transportequipment, positioning equipment is usually used forhandling at a single workplace. Material can also bepositioned manually using no equipment.
Transport equipment
Positioning equipment
Overview of material handling equipment
- Unit Load Formation Equipment• Equipment used to restrict materials so that they maintain
their integrity when handled a single load during transportand for storage. If materials are self-restraining (e.g., a singlepart or interlocking parts), then they can be formed into a unitload with no equipment.
- Storage Equipment• Equipment used for holding or buffering materials over a
period of time. Some storage equipment may include thetransport of materials (e.g., the S/R (storage and retrieval)
machines of an AS/RS (automated storage, retrieval system),or storage carousels). If materials are block stacked directlyon the floor, then no storage equipment is required.
Unit load formation equipment - pallets
Storage equipment
Tire Carousel Carpet Carousel
Storage equipment
Overview of material handling equipment
- Identification and Control Equipment• Equipment used to collect and communicate the
information that is used to coordinate the flow ofmaterials within a facility and between a facility andits suppliers and customers. The identification ofmaterials and associated control can be performedmanually with no specialized equipment
Portable Data Terminals
Handheld
Identification and control equipment
MH Classification by Equipment Type
MH classification based on equipment type can also becategorized as
AGV: Automated guided vehicle
MH Classification by Method
• MH can be of the following types:- Manual
- Mechanized
- Automated
Manual Material Handling
• Manual material handlinginvolves the use of the
human body to lift, lower, fill,empty,or carry loads
• The load can be animate (i.e.,living thing e.g., a person oranimal) or inanimate (e.g., anobject)
• Most manufacturing ordistribution systems requiresome manual handling tasks
Manual Material Handling
Mechanized Material Handling
• In this case, manual labor is replaced by equipments• This type of material handling consists of equipment
and process controllers that handle materials in aproven, systematic and mechanized manner
- Cranes
- Lifters
- Trucks
• These systems improve speed, efficiency and safety• Mechanized material handling also requires full or
partial involvement of manual help
Mechanized Material Handling
Automated Material Handling• Automated materials handling (AMH)
refers to any automation that reducesor eliminates the need for humans toload, unload, sort material or transfermaterial
• Automated Material Handling SystemEnsures Reliability and Repeatable
• In AMH systems, somewhere in theprocess there may be a scanner toread the bar code or a reader to readthe radio frequency ID (RFID) tag (orboth)
- RFID is non-contact use of radio-frequencyelectromagnetic fields to transfer data, forthe purposes of automatically identifying andtracking tags attached to objects
Automated Material Handling
Think of robots
MH Classification by Method
• Capabilities(power or ability to do something) of MH method can beunderstand using the following table:
MH Methods CharacteristicsDifferent characteristics can be judged for the type of MH methodse.g., Manual method can handle less weight
Mechanized and automated can handle higher weights
Factors affecting MH
• The selection of materials handlingequipment requires the attaining of properbalance between- the production problem,- the capabilities of the equipment available, and- the human element involved
• The ultimate aim is to arrive at the lowestcost per unit of material handled
• Selection of material handling equipment isan important decision as it affects both thecost and efficiency of handling system
Factors affecting MH
• The following factors are to be taken into accountwhile selecting the material handling equipment
- Properties of the Material• i.e., Whether the material is solid, liquid or gas, andin what size, shape and weight it is to be moved,are important decisions and can be lead to apreliminary elimination from the range of availableequipment under review
• Similarly, if the material is fragile, corrosive or toxicthis will imply that certain handling method andcontainers will be preferable to others
Factors affecting MH
- Layout and Characteristic of the building• A restricting factor is availability of space forhandling
• Low-level ceiling many prevent the use of hoist orcranes, and the presence of supporting columns inawkward places can limit the size of materialhandling equipment
- Production Flow• If the flow is fairly constant between two fixedposition that are not likely to be changed, fixed
equipments such as conveyors or channels can besuccessfully used
Factors affecting MH
- Cost Considerations• This is the most important consideration
• Initial investment and operating and maintenance cost arethe major costs to be considered
• By calculating and comparing the total cost of each items ofequipment under consideration, a more rational decision canbe reached on the most appropriate choice
- Nature of operations• Selection of equipment also depends on the nature of
operations like whether handling is temporary or permanent,whether the flow is continuous or intermittent and materialflow pattern-horizontal or vertical
Factors affecting MH
- Engineering Factors• Engineering factors such as door, ceilingdimensions, floor space, floor conditions and
structural strengths are also taken in considerationin the selection of equipment
- Equipment reliability• Reliability (The probability that an item will perform a required function
without failure under stated conditions for a stated period of time )of the equipment and supplier reputationand the after sale services plays an important rolein selecting the equipment
MHE Marketing
Any commercial product passes through the following scheme:
Marketing is one of the important step to deliver a product fromthe manufacturing set ups to the customers
MHE Marketing• Marketing is the process ofcommunicating the value of a
product or service to customers,for selling that product or service
• Marketing is the link between asociety’s material requirementsand its economic patterns ofresponse
• MHE marketing means toemphasis the customers about theneed of MHE
• An effective marketing plan will answer suchquestions as:
- What products will sell and in what volumes?
- At what prices?
- At what promotional costs?
- When and by what selling method?
MHE Marketing• The main objective is tohighlight the usefulness ofMHEquipments
• Old conventional techniquesmay be dangerous to humanand equipment safety
• MHE can efficiently andeasily perform all the tasks ofmaterial transfer and storageeconomically and withinminimum time frame.
MHE Marketing• It is important that the MHE marketing
group/ company must be able tounderstand the industrial and marketinggoals• This can be done with providing newmarketing concepts and methodologies
• This may include- Good presentation of MHE through
leaflets and internet web designing- Organizing meetings with the users and
equipment manufacturers- Convey prototype models
Provide surety about the performance ofthe equipment
- Provide surety about after sales service
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