counting quarks

Counting Quarks

University of Southampton

Our goal is to learn about the particles of nature using real data from accelerators

We will not explore the theory too much just what you see…

Nuclear matter (“hadrons”) is made of quarks – we are going to experimentally determine how many quarks there are…

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A question to test your A question to test your zapperzapper

Tea

Coffee

Fruit J

uice

Wate

r

Other

Nothing

0% 0% 0%0%0%0%

What did you drink with your breakfast this morning?

1.1. TeaTea2.2. CoffeeCoffee3.3. Fruit JuiceFruit Juice4.4. WaterWater5.5. OtherOther6.6. NothingNothing

OPAL

Some Simple Events

Strong Nuclear ForceThe force between quarks grows with distance !!!!!

Energy builds up between them until many quarks are produced that arrange themselves into strong force neutral hadrons – we see jets…

Taus are heavier electrons again – 3500 times heavier…

They decay to quarks and electrons/muons in the detector…. Yuk!

The Weak Nuclear Force (Beta Decay)

The likelihood that a W will decay to quarks or leptons is the same.. If we produce Ws and count the relative probabilities of outcomes we can count how many quarks there are…

Neutrinos only interact by the weak force – once produced we never see them again…

WW Events at LEP

Each W can decay to e, plus a neutrino

LEPTONIC DECAY

Each W can decay to two quarks

HADRONIC DECAY

The decays are so fast you’ll only see the final products in the detector…

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0%0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double

leptonic

deca

y

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double

leptonic

deca

y

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double

hadron

ic dec

ay M

ixed

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double

hadro

nic dec

ay M

ixed

Double

leptonic

deca

y

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

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0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

Events 11-20 (30 sec)

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

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ptonic de

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1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

10

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

10

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

10

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

10

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

10

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

10

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

10

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

10

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

10

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

10

Events 21-30 (15 sec)

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

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d

Double le

ptonic de

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1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

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1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

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0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

Events 31-40 (15 sec)

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

7

Events 41-50 (15 sec)

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

8

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

Events 51-60 (15 sec)

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

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Double le

ptonic de

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0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

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Double le

ptonic de

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1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

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Double le

ptonic de

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1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

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decay

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Double le

ptonic de

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1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

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ptonic de

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1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

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Double le

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1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

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Double le

ptonic de

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0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

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Double le

ptonic de

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0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

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Double le

ptonic de

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0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

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0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

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Double le

ptonic de

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0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

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0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

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0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

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0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

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Double le

ptonic de

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0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

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Double le

ptonic de

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1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

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ptonic de

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1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

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1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

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decay

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1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

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decay

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1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

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decay

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1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

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decay

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1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

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decay

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1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

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1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

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Double le

ptonic de

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0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

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Double le

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0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

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cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

What sort of WW decay is this?What sort of WW decay is this?

Double had

ronic

decay

Mixe

d

Double le

ptonic de

cay

0% 0%0%

1.1. Double hadronic decayDouble hadronic decay2.2. MixedMixed3.3. Double leptonic decayDouble leptonic decay

5

ResultsWe know there are three sorts of leptons (e,so there are 9 ways to get double leptonic events

DL = 9

If there are N quarks we expect N double hadronic events

DH = N

& mixed decays

M = 2 x 3 x N = 6 N

2

2

We got… N=? N=? N=?

We saw ?

We saw ?

We saw ?

What should we have got?

LEP has enough energy to make four quarks

up

down

charm

strange

BUT – there is an additional factor of three because each quark has three different sorts of charges associated with the strong force

RED

GREEN

BLUE

N = 6