corrected lina momo iliyan air pollution 10 4
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Air Pollution in Bulgaria
Kalcheva, Kalina
Razsolkov, Momchil
Georgiev, Iliyan
Section 10/4
Air Pollution
http://pptsolutions.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/air_pollution_pl_600fix.jpg
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Definition
General causes
Examples
Effects
Solutions
Air Pollution: Introduction
http://www.longislandpress.com/wpcontent/uploads/2010/04/air1.jpg
Basic knowledge on air pollution
Definition: gases, dust, smells, fumes that are in harmful amounts
General causes: working factories (industrialization), increase in population (environmental->air), globalization
Examples: acid rain, smog, greenhouse effect (by methane mostly), burning fossil fuels
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http://www.tropical-rainforest-animals.com/air-pollution-data.html#sectors
Consists of microscopic material in the air, PM stands for particulate matter
Producers:
Friction and grinding processes of soil, rocks, or metals
Emissions from combustion processes,
Human activities
Effect: reduces the
distance at which we
can see the color,
clarity, and contrast
of far away objects
Polluters: PM 2.5
http://www.zmescience.com/research/studies/carbon-dioxide-and-pollution-dont-mix-well/attachment/smog-2/
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Particulates in the air as big as bacteria
Producers:
Exhaust emissions of cars or a fireplace, cigarette smoke (and many others similar)
Vegetation
Grinding, pulverizing (mining, quarrying, cement manufacturing
Effect: large on annual death rates,
PM10
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Main polluting gas
Sources:
Old cars
Power plants
Burning of fossil fuels
Impacts:
Oxides easily absorbed in water >> can harm fish
Forming acid rains from contaminated clouds
Vegetation harm
Sulfur Dioxide SO2
http://www.gasdetection.com/news2/acid_rain_4_hnd.gif
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Acid rainhttp://image.wistatutor.com/content/environmental-pollution/acid-rain.jpeg
main primary emission and rapidly oxidizes to NO2
Sources:
Burning fossil fuels or biomass
Nitrogen content of the fuel
Soil releases and lightning
Effect:
Acid rain
Soil overload of nutrients that deteriorates water quality
Atmospheric particles and global warming
Nitrogen oxidesNO
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Short-term health effects in the lungs
Irritate the respiratory system
Makes people more sensitive to allergens
Reduces the immune system's ability to fight off bacterial infections in the respiratory system
Ozone (O3) Health Effects
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Main sources of pollution in Bulgaria
Sulphur Dioxide Sources:
The three coal-fired power stations making up the Maritsa Iztok complex, the Maritsa 3 coal-fired power station in Dimitrovgrad
Llead and zinc factory at Kardzhali and the Republika coal-fired power station.
Burning of fossil fuels used for heating
Nitrogen:
Exhaust from vehicles in the major cities
PM10:
Industry, households and tansportation
Badly maintained roads and soil weathering
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http://timetocleartheair.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/air_pollution_map-s.jpg
What is being done to decrease air pollution in Bulgaria
Different directives and orders are being issued
Bringing large thermal installations in Bulgaria
Use of cleaner fuels
Sulphur filters and Coal-fired power stations
Closure of factories that do not meet the standards of EU
http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=114645
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http://inlinethumb44.webshots.com/20779/2191345560102347975S600x600Q85.jpg
Pollution from Cars
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Mexico City: The Most Air-Polluted City in the World
http://www.sbg.ac.at/ipk/avstudio/pierofun/mexico/air.htm
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General energy source burning fossil fuels
Automobile traffic; unregulated vehicles
Mexico Citys geographic location: situated between mountains, bad air gets trapped inside more easily (map on next slide )
Main Pollutants:
ozone (O3)
sulfur dioxide (SO2)
nitrogen oxides (NOX)
hydrocarbons (HC)
carbon monoxide (CO)
Causes of air pollution in Mexico City
http://www.marxsite.com/mexico_city.htm
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http://faculty.smu.edu/rkemper/anth_3311/ANTH_3311_mexico_topographic_map.htm
Health damage on people
Eye irritation
Asthma
Bronchial complaints
Even premature death
Damage on environment
Poor visibility gone from 100km to only 1.5km in about
60-70 years
Not all polluters are toxic, however they get trapped and cannot circulate (thermal invasion)
Effects on society, environment, etc
http://www.marxsite.com/mexico_city.htm
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Already succeeded in:
Less lead and sulfur in fuels;
Implementation of catalytic converters has become obligatory
Solutions in process:
Hoy no Circular! (today my car doesnt move) :Reduce the use of private vehicles:
Encouragement to use public transport
'Verification program': Control of vehicle conditions; enforcement of engine maintenance standards
Change of fuels: only small changes in gasoline quality have been accepted so far.
Solutions
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"Air Pollution in Mexico City, Smog, Health Effects, Fossile Fuels."Universitt Salzburg. Web. 08 Dec. 2010. http://www.sbg.ac.at/ipk/avstudio/pierofun/mexico/air.htm
"Air Pollution (Bulgaria)." Www.eea.europa.eu. European Environment Agency, Dec. 2007. Web. 11 Dec. 2010. .
"Air Pollution: Control, Statistics, Air Pollution, Mexico & Los Angeles EncycloMedia.com."Free Video Clips - Streaming Online Videos - EncycloMedia. Web. 08 Dec. 2010. .
"Bulgarian Air Most Polluted in Europe EU Business News - EUbusiness.com."EU Business News - EUbusiness.com. Web. 08 Dec. 2010.
Ignatova, Irina. "Air Pollution Causes." Rainforests, Rainforest Animals, Other Environmental Issues And Practical Environmental Solutions. Disclaimer, Nov. 2008. Web. 11 Dec. 2010. .
Works Cited
6. Hearse*, By Phil. "Mexico City - Envvironmental Crisis."Marxsite Start Page. Web. 08 Dec. 2010.
7. "Pollutants."ICSR - the Web Site. Web. 08 Dec. 2010. http://www.icsr.bas.bg/ICSRwebsite/departments/rdts/htdocs/pollutants_en.html
8. "The Types of Air Pollution." News & Articles On Air, Land And Water Pollution Causes, Effects And Solutions. StudioPress Theme, 18 June 2009. Web. 11 Dec. 2010. .
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