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Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Lifestyle DiseasesLifestyle Diseases
Chapter 14
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Lifestyle Diseases—TRUE OR FALSE???Chapter 14
•Do you eat foods low in saturated fat and sugar, and high in fiber?
•Do you eat foods that are low in added salt and sugar?
•Do you get some form of exercise every day?
•Do you avoid tobacco products and smoky environments?
•Do you get a yearly physical exam?
•Do you use sunscreen when you’re outside?
•Do you eat at least 2 servings (each) of fruits and vegetables each day?
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Lifestyle Diseases
ContentsContentsSection 1Section 1
Lifestyle and Lifestyle DiseasesLifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases
Section 2Section 2
Cardiovascular DiseasesCardiovascular Diseases
Section 3Section 3
CancerCancer
Section 4Section 4
Living with DiabetesLiving with Diabetes
Chapter 14
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Section 1Section 1
Lifestyle and Lifestyle DiseasesLifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases
Chapter 14
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Section 1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases
Bell ringer
1. Fold a sheet of paper in half lengthwise and make a crease. 2. At the top of one side, write the word “Healthy.” 3. At the top of the other side, write the word “Risky.” 4. List under each title the things people do that are either
healthy or risky to their health.
Chapter 14
RiskyRisky1.1. 2.2. 3.3. 4.4. 5.5.
HealthyHealthy1.1. 2.2. 3.3. 4.4. 5.5.
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What Are Lifestyle Diseases?
1. Caused by:• unhealthy behaviors (controllable risk
factors)• other factors (uncontrollable risk factors)
2. Examples:• cardiovascular disease• many forms of cancer• diabetes
Chapter 14Section 1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 14Section 1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases
Risk Factors for Lifestyle Diseases
UncontrollableUncontrollable• age• gender• ethnicity• Heredity (family hx)
ControllableControllable
• diet and body weight
• daily levels of physical activity
• level of sun exposure
• smoking and alcohol abuse
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Controllable Risk FactorsControllable Risk Factors
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The bottom line…The bottom line…
When you know the factors that contribute to lifestyle diseases, you can make lifestyle choices now to reduce your chances of these diseases later in life.
Chapter 14Section 1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases
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Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
What Are Cardiovascular Diseases?
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs):1. the leading cause of death in the
United States
2. result from progressive damage (over time) to the heart and blood vessels
Chapter 14
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Section 2Section 2
Cardiovascular DiseasesCardiovascular Diseases
Chapter 14
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Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
The four main types of CVD are:
Chapter 14
1. high blood pressure (the “silent” killer)
2. Atherosclerosis(hardening / blockage of arteries)
3. stroke4. heart attack
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Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
BLOOD PRESSURE
• Definition: the force that blood exerts on the walls of a blood vessel
• HIGH BP weakens and injures blood vessel walls, leading to other cardiovascular diseases.
Chapter 14
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Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
• fatty materials (cholesterol & plaque) build up on artery walls
• Reduces and blocks blood flow• Breaks apart & releases clots
that cause strokes or heart attacks
Chapter 14
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Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
3. Stroke • blood flow to an area of the brain
is interrupted (blockage OR ruptured blood vessel)
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Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
STROKE (signs & symptoms)
Chapter 14
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RECOGNIZING A STROKE-NEW INFORMATION!!!Some doctors say that if a neurologist can begin treating a stroke victim within 3 hours they can totally reverse the effects of a stroke. The trick is getting the patient medically cared for within 3 hours, which is tough…….
Remember the 1st Three Letters: S-T-R
Some doctors say a bystander can recognize a stroke by asking three simple questions:
S Ask the individual to SMILET Ask the person to TALK and SPEAK A SIMPLE SENTENCE coherently (ex: “It is sunny out today.”)R Ask them to RAISE BOTH ARMS
New Sign of a Stroke: ask the person to STICK OUT THEIR TOUNGUE. If the tongue is 'crooked‘ or goes to one side or the other, that is also an indication of a stroke.
If they have trouble with ANY ONE of these tasks, call 911 immediately and describe the symptoms to the dispatcher.
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HEART ATTACK
• damage and loss of function of an area of the heart muscle
• often caused by a blockage of the coronary arteries that carry blood into the heart.
Chapter 14
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Coronary artery stenosisw/ blood clot
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Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
Detecting and Testing for CVD
1.check your blood pressure 2.electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)3.ultrasound 4.angiogram
Chapter 14
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Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
Detecting and Testing for CVD
1. Check your BP: monitors cardiovascular health and helps detect CVDs.• Blood pressures are given in the form
“Systolic pressure/Diastolic pressure.”• Systolic pressure is the maximum blood
pressure when the heart contracts. • Diastolic pressure is the blood pressure
between heart contractions.• Normal BP is about 120/80
Chapter 14
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Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
Detecting and Testing for CVD
Chapter 14
2. electrocardiogram (EKG)• measures the electrical activity of
the heart3. ultrasound
• images of the pumping heart and heart valves
4. angiogram• injecting dye into the coronary
arteries to look for blockages
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Cerebral angiogram with blockage
Where’s the
blockage?
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Cardiac angiogram with blockage
Where’s the
blockage?
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Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
Preventing & Treating CVD
Chapter 14
• reducing saturated fats, cholesterol, and salt• maintaining healthy weight • avoid tobacco• do cardiovascular exercise regularly• monitor BP & cholesterol levels• reducing stress• Medications (low-dose aspirin, Rx, etc)• surgery (bypass, angioplasty, pacemaker,
transplant)
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Section 3Section 3
CancerCancer
Chapter 14
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Section 3 Cancer
What Is Cancer?
• 2nd leading cause of death in the U.S., after CVDs.
• Definition: uncontrolled cell growth(starts with genetic damage. When the genes that control cell growth are damaged, some cells begin to divide more rapidly than normal, forming tumors.) click here for video
Chapter 14
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Section 3 Cancer
Tumors & the spread of cancer…1. Malignant tumor: a mass of cells that
invades and destroys normal tissue.
2. Benign tumor: an abnormal but usually harmless cell mass.
3. Metastasis: a process in which cancer cells break away from a tumor and travel to other parts of the body, creating new tumors.
Chapter 14
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Section 3 Cancer
What Causes Cancer?
1. Inheriting damaged or mutated genes can increase your chance of getting cancer.
2. Environmental effects—coming in contact with carcinogens (cancer causing agents) throughout your life
Ex: poor diet, smoking, sun overexposure, chemicals, etc
Chapter 14
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Section 3 Cancer
Detecting Cancer
Chapter 14
• self-exams (skin, breast & testicle)
• x rays (ex: mammogram)• biopsies (tissue samples)• MRI• blood and DNA tests
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Section 3 Cancer
Preventing Cancer
Chapter 14
1. Don’t smoke 2. Limit overexposure to UV radiation3. Eat less saturated fats 4. Eat more fruits, vegetables & fiber5. Exercise & maintain a healthy weight6. Get regular medical checkups
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Section 3 Cancer
Treating Cancer
Chapter 14
1. surgery – removes tumor 2. chemotherapy – using
drugs to kill cancer cells3. radiation therapy – using
radiation to kill cancer cells4. strengthen the immune
system
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Section 4Section 4
Living with DiabetesLiving with Diabetes
Chapter 14
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Section 4 Living with Diabetes
Bell ringer
Name some foods that you eat that are high in sugar?
Chapter 14
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Section 4 Living with Diabetes
What Is Diabetes?• Glucose: provides your cells with energy,
circulating through the body in the bloodstream.
• Insulin: a hormone produced in the pancreas that allows cells to remove (use) glucose from the blood.
• Diabetes: a disorder in which cells are unable to use (remove) glucose from the blood, resulting in high blood-glucose levels & high levels of harmful toxins.
Chapter 14
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Section 4 Living with Diabetes
Types of Diabetes?
• Type 1 diabetes (juvenile onset):
• the pancreas does not produce enough insulin.
• Type 2 diabetes (adult onset):
• insulin is produced, but the body’s cells fail to respond to the insulin.
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Section 4 Living with Diabetes
Why is Diabetes harmful???
1. The body uses fat and protein instead of glucose for energy, causing a build-up of toxic substances in the blood that damages blood vessels & other tissues (and can lead to organ failure).
2. A diabetic coma is a loss of consciousness that happens when there is too much blood sugar and too many toxic substances in the blood.
Chapter 14
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Section 4 Living with DiabetesChapter 14
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Section 4 Living with Diabetes
Detecting Diabetes
• Early detection is important to avoid these severe complications:
• blindness• stroke• kidney disease• loss of lower limbs
• If you have symptoms of diabetes, see a doctor as soon as possible.
Chapter 14
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Section 4 Living with Diabetes
Testing for Diabetes
• Urinalysis• Glucose-tolerance tests• Insulin tests
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Section 4 Living with Diabetes
Treating Diabetes• Type 1:
• keeping blood-glucose levels as close to normal as possible.• check blood-glucose levels several times a day and must learn to give themselves insulin injections.
• Type 2:• sometimes involves injecting insulin, but usually focuses on frequent exercise and a healthy diet with moderate amounts of sugar.
Chapter 14
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Section 4 Living with Diabetes
Preventing DiabetesType 1 (juvenile onset):
• currently no way to prevent
Type 2 (adult onset):1. exercise regularly2. maintain a healthy weight3. eat a healthy diet4. avoid tobacco products5. reduce stress levels
Chapter 14
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