copyright © allyn & bacon 2007 chapter 6 learning part one
Post on 21-Jan-2016
250 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Chapter 6Chapter 6
Learning Part Learning Part OneOne
I CAN I CAN
• Identify the major terms used in the psychological study of learning.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Behaviorists vs. Cognitive Behaviorists vs. Cognitive PsychologistsPsychologists
BehavioralLearning only occurs with
behavior since we can observe behavior
All things which organisms do — including acting, thinking and feeling —should be regarded as behaviors
Forms of learning, such as classical conditioning and operant conditioning, that can be described in terms of stimulus and response
Cognitive The behavioral view is too
limiting… one must consider mental processes in learning that cannot be seen
Includes processes such as memory, association, concept formation, language, attention, perception, action, problem solving and mental imagery
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Instinct BehaviorInstinct Behavior
• Innate behaviors ... not greatly influenced by experience
Without learning we
would have to depend upon reflexes and instincts
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
HabituationHabituation A simple form of learningA simple form of learning
• Learning NOT to respond to a stimulus that is repeated.
Ignoring traffic noise if you liveon a busy street
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
• Habituation is important in filtering the large amounts of information received from the environment.
• By habituating to less important signals, an animal can focus on the most important features of its environment
Prairie dogs give alarm calls when mammals, large birds, or snakes approach.
When prairie dog towns are located near trails used by humans, giving alarm calls every time a person walks by is a waste of time and energy for the group.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Mere Exposure EffectMere Exposure Effect • A learned preference for stimuli to which
we have been previously exposed… even if they were unpleasant
• The more often a person is seen by someone, the more pleasing and likeable that person appears to be.
Humans prefer stimuli to which they have been previously exposed to
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Complex Forms of Complex Forms of LearningLearning
1. Classical Conditioning Connections between TWO stimuliExample: Associating the 11:52 am bell with lunch
BEHAVIORS ARE INVOLUNTARY
2. Operant Conditioning Connect actions with rewards and
punishmentExample: Training a dog to climb trees
CAN I?CAN I?
• Identify the major terms used in the psychological study of learning.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
top related