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Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
Dental RadiographyCourse Director: Ms. Judy Valdez, R.D.H., B.S.D.H
Concorde Career College
DH 103, Term IIILecture: Wednesday 9:00-12:00Lab: Wednesday 1:00-4:00 PM
Tuesday & Thursday 1:00-4:00 PM
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
Chapter 1
History of Dental Radiography
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
Objectives
Define the key words. State when x-rays were discovered and
by whom. Trace the history of radiography, noting
the prominent contributors. List two historical developments that
made dental x-ray machines safer.
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
Objectives
Explain how rectangular PIDs reduce patient radiation exposure.
Identify the two techniques used to expose dental radiographs.
List five uses of dental radiographs. Become aware of other imaging
modalities available for use in the detection and evaluation of oral conditions.
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
Key Words
Bisecting technique Computed tomography (CT) Cone Cone beam computed tomography
(CBCT) Cone beam volumetric imaging (CBVI) Digital imaging Dosage
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
Key Words
Dosage Oral radiography Panoramic radiography Paralleling technique Position indicating device (PID) Radiograph Radiography
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
Key Words
Radiology Roentgen ray Roentgenograph Sensor Tomography X-ray X-ray film
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
Introduction
Dental radiographs are images or pictures produced by x-rays, remain the basis for many diagnostic procedures and play an essential role in oral health care.
Radiography is the making of radiographs by exposing an image receptor, either film or digital sensor.
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
Introduction
The purpose of dental radiography is to provide the oral health care team with radiographs of the best possible diagnostic quality.
The goal of dental radiography is to obtain the highest quality radiographs while maintaining the lowest possible radiation exposure risk for the patient.
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
Discovery of the X-ray Oral radiology
Study of x-rays and techniques used to produce radiographic images.
Professor Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered x-rays (1895)
X-ray Initially, “x” represented the unknown
Roentgen ray Named in honor of Roentgen’s findings.
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
Discovery of the X-ray
Roentgenograph The image produced on photosensitive film.
Radiograph Prefix “radio” and suffix “graph” combined;
“radiograph” more commonly used.
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
Figure 1-2 This famous radiograph, purported to be Mrs. Bertha Roentgen’s hand, was taken on December 22, 1895.(Reprinted with permission from Radiology Centennial, Inc., Copyright 1993)
Figure 1-2 This famous Figure 1-2 This famous radiograph, purported to be Mrs. radiograph, purported to be Mrs. Bertha Roentgen’s hand, was Bertha Roentgen’s hand, was taken on December 22, 1895.taken on December 22, 1895.(Reprinted with permission from (Reprinted with permission from Radiology Centennial, Inc., Radiology Centennial, Inc., Copyright 1993)Copyright 1993)
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
TABLE 1-1 Noteworthy TABLE 1-1 Noteworthy Scientists and Researchers Scientists and Researchers in Dental Radiographyin Dental Radiography
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
Dental X-ray Machines
Early x-ray machines an electrical hazard Shockproof dental x-ray machine
introduced by Coolidge and General Electric Pointed cone replaced Position indicating device (PID) Panoramic radiography became popular
in 1960’s.
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
Dental X-ray Machines
Tomography scan Computed tomography scan (CT)
Imaging a single selected plane of tissues; delivers high dosage of radiation
Cone beam volumetric imaging (CBVI) and cone beam computed tomography Contain lower doses of radiation
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
Figure 1-3 Comparison of circular and rectangular PIDs. (Image courtesy of Gendex Dental Corporation)
Figure 1-3 Comparison of circular and Figure 1-3 Comparison of circular and rectangular PIDs. rectangular PIDs. (Image courtesy of Gendex Dental Corporation)(Image courtesy of Gendex Dental Corporation)
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
Dental X-ray Film
Early dental x-ray film packets: glass photographic plates wrapped in black paper and rubber dam and exposure time was 25 min
Machine-wrapped dental x-ray film packet first available in 1919 from Kodak.
Emulsion coating: one sided coating required long exposure times; both sides coated now; exposure times much shorter.
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
Digital Image Receptors
Digital imaging systems replace film as the image receptor with a sensor.
Frances Mouyen — Introduced digital radiography in 1987, called RadioVisioGraphy
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
Digital Image Receptors
Image sensors today have improved in overall quality: Reduction in radiation dosage Elimination in film and processing
chemistry Elimination of film package disposal
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
Dental X-ray Techniques
Bisecting technique First and earliest method
Paralleling technique Preferred technique used in all dental
assisting, dental hygiene, and dental schools.
FIGURE 1-4 Radiography in a modern oral health care practice. (Image courtesy of Gendex Dental Corporation)
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
BOX 1-1 Uses of Dental BOX 1-1 Uses of Dental RadiographsRadiographs
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
Advances in Dental Radiographic Imaging 2D and 3D imaging systems assist
radiography in moving toward representations of real-life conditions
Computed approach will benefit the quality of oral health care.
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
Review: Chapter Summary
Professor Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen’s discovery of the x-ray revolutionized the methods of practicing medicine and dentistry
Impact of improved equipment, advanced techniques, and educated personnel
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
Review: Chapter Summary
Computer and digital sensor continue to be adopted by dental practices as the method of acquiring a dental radiographic image.
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
Review: Chapter Summary
Digital imaging has many advantages Basic techniques for acquiring images:
Bisecting Paralleling
CBVT or CBCT produce 2D and 3D images for dental diagnosis; will be the main modalities for dental imaging in the future.
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
Recall: Study Questions
General Chapter Review
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
Reflect: Case Study
Your patient today tells you that she recently watched a television documentary on the dangers of excess radiation exposure. Based on your reading in this chapter, develop a brief conversation between you and this patient explaining how historical developments have increased dental radiation safety, in order to put the patient at ease.
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, Ninth EditionEvelyn M. Thomson • Orlen N. Johnson
Relate: Laboratory Application
Proceed to the Radiography Laboratory to complete the Chapter 1 activity.
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