copyright © 2010 delmar, cengage learning. all rights reserved. unit 24 cutting with oxyfuels and...
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Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Unit 24
Cutting with Oxyfuels and Other Gases
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
General Principles• No one gas is the safest or the best for all jobs• Oxyfuels are used for welding, brazing, cutting,
and heating metals• Oxygen and fuel gases are stored under pressure
in tanks or cylinders, carried through valves and hoses, then mixed inside of torch assemblies before being burned as they are released through the tip
• Oxyfuels burn between 5,000°F and 6,000°F
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Heating• Temperature is raised enough to soften
metal for bending or shaping• NO melting takes place• Can be used to make a sharp bend in a
specific piece• Also used to reduce stress from welding
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Brazing• Process of bonding with metals and alloys
that melt at or above 840°F• The base metal is heated until the brazing
alloy melts, flows, and bonds to it• The two metals do not mix
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Fusion Welding• Joining of metal by melting it together• The torch is used to heat two pieces until
the metal from each runs together to form a joint
• Joints are as strong as the base metal itself
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Oxygen• Not a fuel—will not burn on its own• Combines with other substances to cause
them to burn at a higher temperature• Must be 99.5 percent pure to support the
combustion of iron
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Acetylene • Fuel gas most suitable for welding• Produces a cleaner weld than most other
fuel gases• Produces a more controllable flame• Unstable and very hazardous• Most stable at pressures below 15 psi
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Other Gases• Propane and natural gas
– used for general heating and cutting, but not for welding
• MAPP® gas– mixture of methylacetylene and propadiene gases– qualities similar to acetylene, but more stable– suitable for brazing, cutting, and heating
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Oxyfuel Cutting• Obtain a neutral flame• Mark the line of cut• Hold the flame over the corner/edge of the
metal at a slight angle• Once the metal turns red, press the oxygen
lever and move the torch across the metal at a steady rate
• Keep the flame about 1/8 inch from the metal
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Improving Cuts• Excessive preheat: if the flame is too hot,
or the torch moves too slowly, the surface melts before the metal is heated through
• Clearance: the distance from the torch to the metal is correct when the tips of the primary flames are almost touching the metal surface
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Improving Cuts (continued)• Cutting speed
– Too fast will result in an incomplete cut with rough edges
– Too slow results in a melted top edge and gouging
• Gas pressure– Too high: dish shape to the kerf– Too low: cut is not complete at the bottom
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Piercing• Pierce: to make a hole• Hold the torch at a normal preheat distance
above the mark• When heated to red color, raise the torch
one-half inch or more and slowly press oxygen lever
• Move the tip sideways in a circular motion until a hole breaks through
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Cutting Pipe• Small pipe
– Pierce a hole in the top– Cut a kerf to the left and one to the right– Rotate the pipe and repeat on the underside
• Large pipe – Hold the torch at a right angle to the pipe– Move the torch around the pipe to make the cut
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Plasma Arc Cutting• Used for cutting nonferrous metals• Uses an electric arc and argon (an inert gas)• Cuts metal faster than conventional oxyfuel
torches• Not as efficient in cutting thicker metals
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Important Terms• Oxyfuel: combination of pure oxygen and
combustible fuel gas to produce a flame• Oxyfuel cutting: process in which steel is heated
until it burns and is then removed to leave a kerf• Kerf: a thin cut• Slag: a by-product that is formed during the
combination of oxygen with hot steel• Brass: mixture of copper and zinc
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Important Terms (continued)• Base metal: main piece of metal• Backfire: a loud snap that blows out the flame• Flashback: gases burning back inside the torch
that causes a hissing noise• Slag box: metal container of water or sand placed
to catch hot slag and metal• Plasma: a group of charged particles that conduct
electrons across a gap
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