construction technology 1 assignment 1

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SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE BUILDING AND DESIGN

BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONS)

CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY 1

BLD 60104

ASSIGNMENT 1

Lecturer:

Ms Azrina Binti Md Yaakob

Prepared By:

No. Name Student ID Signature

1 Hor Weng Lim 0319441

2 Mok Po Yi 0318207

3 Ng Seng He 0323037

4 Pang Khai Shuen 0318423

5 Sherlyn Ang Tse Yun 0317977

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Index:

Contents Page

Introduction 3 – 4

Doors 5 – 18

Windows 19 – 22

Stairs 23 – 33

Roof 34 – 36

Conclusion 37

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Sunway Pyramid Shopping Mall is located in Subang Jaya, Selangor. Launched in the year

1997, it features a prominent lion statue that gives away its identity from afar. After

undergoing major renovations, the building’s gross floor area totals 4 276 945 square feet

(equivalent to 396 000 m2) as of 2014.

This building has a unique shape and also boasts 3 different types of roofs – dome, pyramid

and flat. It has 4 atriums and each of them have a different roofing system except for Blue

Atrium and Orange Atrium.

This gigantic shopping sports a huge variety of retail shops. It is rather obvious when the

names appear on Google Maps:

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From the top, Sunway Pyramid Shopping Mall is mostly covered by flat roof. However, some

areas of the roof are formed into the shape of a dome. The main entrance of the shopping

mall has a pyramid-shaped roof.

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DOORS

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DOOR 1

Material: Wood

Configuration: Flush

Mode of Operation: Swinging Double Door

Dimensions: 2300mm x 2100mm

Location: Entrance to Lift

Fire Rated: Yes

Recommendation:

This door can be replaced with Swinging Glass Doors to improve its aesthetic

appearance. The fire-rated properties is not as effective as the door leading to fire

escapes. Sliding glass doors is not applicable in this situation as there is no extra

room for sliding clearance.

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DOOR 2:

Material: Wood

Configuration: Glass

Mode of Operation: Swinging Double Door

Dimensions: 2300mm x 2100mm Glass: 140mm x 290mm each

Location: Entrance to Fire Escape

Fire Rated: Yes

Recommendation:

This door cannot be replaced due to its importance as a fire-rated door leading to the

fire escape.

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DOOR 3:

Material: Glass

Mode of Operation: Surface Sliding Double Doors

Dimensions: 2300 x 2100mm

- 1200mm for each glass panel

Location: Entrance to Lift

Recommendation:

This door is very suitable as it can accommodate the high human flow. This is

because this door is the main door between the car park and the lift lobby. However,

an alternative to this door is swinging glass door. Transparency is important in this

location as the wall is made of glass (aesthetic suitability) and the lift lobby has to be

visible for convenience and safety purposes.

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DOOR 4:

Material: Glass

Mode of Operation: Pocket Sliding Double Doors

Size: 5580 x 3000mm

Location: Entrance to Mall

Recommendation:

This is the main entrance to the shopping mall. This door is entirely suitable because

the sliding doors can be hidden at the sides. The sliding doors are also needed to

accommodate the high human flow. Visibility is important for aesthetic purposes. We

think there is no other doors that can replace this particular door.

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DOOR 5:

Material: Wood/Metal

Configuration: Flush

Mode of Operation: Swinging Double Door

Size: 1800 x 2000mm

Location: Entrance to Fire Escape

Fire Rated: Yes

Recommendation:

This door can be replaced with wooden door with wooden door with glass

configuration to provide visibility. This metal finish does not quit the aesthetic

purpose of the door as it is located at the main alley of the shopping mall.

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DOOR 6:

Material: Wood

Configuration: Flush

Mode of Operation: Swinging Single Door

Size: 1200 x 2000mm

Location: Entrance to Fire Escape

Fire Rated: Yes

Recommendation:

This door cannot be replaced as it is fire-rated and the size is suitable for the location.

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DOOR 7:

Material: Solid Wood

Configuration: Flush

Mode of Operation: Swinging Single Door

Size: 900 x 2000mm

Location: Building Services

Fire Rated: No

Recommendation:

This door cannot be replaced as it is important to protect building services

appropriately. Glass and plastic doors are too fragile and easily broken.

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DOOR 8:

Material: Wood

Configuration: Flush

Mode of Operation: Swinging Single Door

Size: 800 x 2000mm

Location: Storage Area

Fire Rated: No

Recommendation:

This door can be replaced with Single Swinging or Folded Plastic Door. As this door

leads to a storage area, a plastic door is more aesthetically pleasing compared to a

plain wooden door. It is also lighter and cheaper to install.

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DOOR 9:

Material: Wood

Configuration: Flush

Mode of Operation: Swinging single Door

Size: 700 x 2000mm

Location: Building Services

Fire Rated: No

Recommendation:

These doors can be replace with single swinging plastic doors. It does not need a

high level of protection and a plastic door can also deliver a similar aesthetic effect

with a lighter weight.

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DOOR 10:

Material: Wood

Configuration: Glass

Mode of Operation: Swinging Double Door

Size: 2000 x 3000 (each)

Location: Entrance to Mall from Sunway Lagoon

Fire Rated: No

Recommendation:

These doors can be replace with glass doors to improve visibility.

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DOOR 11:

Material: Solid Wood

Configuration: Flush

Mode of Operation: Swinging Single Door

Size: 700 x 2000mm

Location: Telephone Riser

Fire Rated: No

Recommendation:

This door cannot be replace with other materials as building services has to be

protected using solid wood doors.

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DOOR 12:

Material: Wood

Configuration: Glass

Mode of Operation: Swinging Double Door

Size: 900 x 2000mm Glass: 170 x 1300mm each

- 450mm wide for each door.

Location: Fire Extinguisher

Fire Rated: No

Recommendation:

This door can be replaced with hollow wood flush door, but it has to maintain a

swinging double door to save space. Plastic door is also applicable but the presence

of a glass configuration.

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Fire Rated Sign:

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WINDOWS

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WINDOW 1:

Type: Fixed Window

Location: Asian Avenue

Feature: Connected with aluminum casing, this window provides a view of Sunway Lagoon.

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WINDOW 2:

Type: Fixed Window

Location: Asian Avenue

Feature: This window is significantly smaller than the first one, but the materials used and

type is identical.

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WINDOW 3:

Type: Fixed Window

Location: Blue Atrium

Feature: These windows surround the wall of the Blue Atrium. It showcases the use of

ironmongery painted with the same colour as the wall.

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STAIRS

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STAIRS 1: Quarter-turn curving concrete stairs.

Tread: 300 – 440mm

Riser: 160mm

Baluster: 950mm

Handrail: 70mm

Flights: 2 x 18 Sides & 12 Centre

Materials:

-In-situ concrete

-Marble tread and rise

-Metal Baluster

-Metal Handrail

Recommendation:

Replace handrail with wood.

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Baluster – Gold painted simple ironmongery. Rise – Rectangular-cut marble tiles.

Tread – Radial-cut marble tiles. Balusters are supported by C-shaped bars.

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STAIRS 2: Half-turn fire escape stairs.

Tread: 290mm

Riser: 170mm

Baluster: 940mm

Handrail: 50mm

Flights: 14

Materials: Recommendation:

-In-situ concrete Concrete and ceramic tiles is suitable as

-Ceramic tread and rise non-combustible material is needed for fire

-Painted Metal Baluster escape stairs.

-Painted Metal Handrail

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Handrail – Single cylindrical bar attached to wall

Steps – Cast in-situ concrete.

Handrail – Attached to baluster.

Steps – Red and green ceramic.

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STAIRS 3: Self-supporting quarter-turn steel stairs.

Tread: 300mm

Riser: 170mm

Baluster: 1040mm

Handrail: 80mm

Flights: 16

Materials: Recommendation:

-Steel Plates This stairs is suitable as it is located

-Wood & Glass Baluster outdoors. The handrail can be replace

-Wood Support with metal to be longer lasting if

-Wood Handrail exposed to moderate weathering.

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Baluster – Made of tempered glass and metal.

Handrail – Wood joined to glass ad metal Handrail – Single cylindrical bar attached to wall

The end of the wood support attached to concrete

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STAIRS 5:

Tread: 300mm

Riser: 170mm

Baluster: 940mm

Handrail: 80mm

Flights: 13

Materials: Recommendation:

-Cast in-situ concrete. This stairs is suitable for the location.

-Brown ceramic tread and rise. There is no better recommendations.

-Metal baluster.

-Wood handrail.

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Cast in-situ concrete. Tread – Layered with ceramic of different colour.

Handrail – One continuous piece of polished wood Baluster – Made of metal with ironmongery.

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STAIRS 6:

Tread: 290mm

Riser: 160mm

Baluster: 900mm

Handrail: 70mm

Flights: 11

Materials:

-Cast in-situ concrete.

-Brown ceramic tread and rise.

-Metal baluster.

-Metal handrail.

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Ceramic tiles layered not only on tread

and rise, but also on the sides of the

staircase.

The baluster and handrail are made of

metal and welded together.

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ROOFS

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The Roof:

In Sunway Pyramid Shopping Mall, there are generally 3 types of roofs. The first one is the

dome shaped roof as shown here. There are 2 dome shaped roofs. One at the Blue Atrium

(shown) and another identical one at the Orange Atrium.

The second one, which is the pyramid roof, is the main spotlight of the whole shopping mall.

It is attached with the statue that symbolizes the shopping mall itself. This is roof is located

at the Pyramid Atrium positioned at the top right corner of the mall.

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Lastly, the majority of the roof in this shopping mall is actually flat roof. This roof is commonly

overlooked even though it forms a major part of the roofing system. This picture shows the

flat roof of the shopping mall through the view on a helicopter.

Position of Roofs:

PYRAMID ROOF

FLAT ROOF

DOME ROOF

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Conclusion:

In a nutshell, throughout accomplishing this assignment, we have not just gained a

substantial knowledge about the different types of doors, windows, stairs, and roofs, but also

their practical applications in real buildings like in Sunway Pyramid shopping mall. It was

fascinating to find out the logic behind the selection of particular doors, windows, and stairs.

We are also now more sensitive towards these elements while exploring other buildings.

We would like to extend our gratitude towards all group members who worked together in

producing this assignment. Also we would like to thank Ms Azrina for her guidance during

the process.

END