constitutional disputes in the age of jackson 1824-1840 ...
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Constitutional Disputes in Constitutional Disputes in thethe
Age of JacksonAge of Jackson1824-18401824-1840
http://www.history.com/topics/trail-of-tears/videos#jacksons-personality-and-legacy
Quick Review…Quick Review…
1800-18081800-1808 Thomas Jefferson…Thomas Jefferson… Louisiana Purchase, Lewis & Clark, Embargo of Louisiana Purchase, Lewis & Clark, Embargo of
18071807 1808-18161808-1816 James Madison…James Madison…
War Hawks, War of 1812, “Mr. Madison’s War”War Hawks, War of 1812, “Mr. Madison’s War” 1816-18241816-1824 James Monroe…James Monroe…
Era of Good Feelings, NationalismEra of Good Feelings, Nationalism
Is this a positive or Is this a positive or negative depiction negative depiction of Jackson? How of Jackson? How can you tell?can you tell?
S – Summarize (What do you see?)
C – Contextualize (When is this being made?)
I – Infer (Message?)
M – Monitor (What does it lead us to question?)
The Election of 1824The Election of 1824
All candidates were Democrat-All candidates were Democrat-RepublicansRepublicans
None won a majorityNone won a majority
John Quincy Adams (MA)
Andrew Jackson (TN)
Henry Clay (KY)
William Crawford (GA)
Electoral BreakdownElectoral Breakdown
The “Corrupt Bargain”The “Corrupt Bargain”
The House of Representatives had to The House of Representatives had to votevote
Adams and Clay team upAdams and Clay team up Adams (President)Adams (President) Clay (Secretary of StateClay (Secretary of State Jackson claims a “corrupt bargain”Jackson claims a “corrupt bargain”
Jackson had won the popular voteJackson had won the popular vote Clay become the “Judas of the West”Clay become the “Judas of the West” The people felt overruledThe people felt overruled
Election of 1828Election of 1828
The Democrat-Republican party The Democrat-Republican party splitssplits Democrat Party nominates Andrew Democrat Party nominates Andrew
JacksonJackson National Republican Party nominates National Republican Party nominates
AdamsAdams Adams’ VP, John C. Calhoun (SC) flips sides Adams’ VP, John C. Calhoun (SC) flips sides
to run with Jacksonto run with Jackson
John Quincy Adams & the Election of 1824John Quincy Adams & the Election of 1824
Election of 1824
The “Corrupt Bargain”
Jackson’s defeat
Martin Van Buren
Election of 1828
Four-way race, no majority(Jackson has the most popular
and electoral votes)
Henry Clay gives his supportto Adams; Adams wins,
makes Clay Sect. of State(Jackson = “corrupt bargain”)
After losing, Jackson hiresVan Buren to run his campaign
Jackson = down-to-earth, acommon man; Adams = elitist
wins Election of 1828“Jacksonian Democracy”
Jackson’s VictoryJackson’s Victory
““Jacksonian DemocracyJacksonian Democracy””
““Old HickoryOld Hickory”” ““Log Cabin Candidate”Log Cabin Candidate”
Appealed to the Common ManAppealed to the Common Man White Manhood SuffrageWhite Manhood Suffrage
““Westerner”Westerner” Elites thought a savage had been unleashed Elites thought a savage had been unleashed
on the White Houseon the White House
First Known Portrait of First Known Portrait of JacksonJackson
““The Spoils SystemThe Spoils System””“King Andrew” – appointed friends and loyal advisers to political positions
Issue orConflict
Jackson’s Opinionabout the Issue
Jackson’s Solutionto the Issue
Final Outcome ofJackson’s Solution
Spoils System
(what is it?)
Awardingpolitical jobs to
supporters
Jackson supportsthe spoils system
Jackson was the firstpresident to use the
spoils system(Election of 1828)
Leads to corruption;people getting jobsare not necessarily
qualified
Jackson’s Native American Jackson’s Native American Policy Policy
Indian Removal Act of 1830 – offered Indian Removal Act of 1830 – offered Native Americans land west of Native Americans land west of Mississippi (Indian Reserves) Mississippi (Indian Reserves) protected by the USAprotected by the USA
Affected the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Affected the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Creek, and Chocktaw IndiansCreek, and Chocktaw Indians
The Cherokee NationThe Cherokee Nation
Cherokee AssimilationCherokee Assimilation
Cherokee Alphabet Cherokee Alphabet (Sequoyah)(Sequoyah)
Worchester vs. GeorgiaWorchester vs. Georgia (1832)(1832)
Cherokee take their case before the Cherokee take their case before the Supreme CourtSupreme Court John Marshall (Chief Justice)John Marshall (Chief Justice) Court ruled that the Cherokee could stay Court ruled that the Cherokee could stay
on their landon their land Jackson ignored the order, forced Jackson ignored the order, forced
removalremoval
“…John Marshall has made his decision, now let him
enforce it.”
Indian RemovalIndian Removal
Map of the Trail of TearsMap of the Trail of Tears
Trail of TearsTrail of Tears
4,000 out of 15,000 die during the journey
Issue orConflict
Jackson’s Opinionabout the Issue
Jackson’s Solutionto the Issue
Final Outcome ofJackson’s Solution
Worcester v.Georgia
(what is it?)
Supreme Courtruled that taking
the land fromthe Indianswas illegal
Jackson IGNORESthe ruling
Wants to removethe Indians from theland and give it toAmerican settlers
IndianRemoval Act
Indians will beforced to move off
of the land
Trail of Tears
16,000 Cherokeetravel along this
route
4,000 die beforereaching their
destination
Video:
http://www.history.com/topics/trail-of-tears/videos#jackson-cherokees-tariffs-and-nullification
Discussion:
If you were a member of Congress in 1830, would you have voted in favor of passing the Indian Removal Act? Why or why not?
Indian Removal Timeline & Primary Source from the
Cherokee Review the Timeline as a class &
Highlight or underline key events Answer the questions
Cherokee Primary Source Questions
Issue orConflict
Jackson’s Opinionabout the Issue
Jackson’s Solutionto the Issue
Final Outcome ofJackson’s Solution
Second Bankof the U.S.
(what is it?)
Whig Partysupportsa nationalbank; theybelieve it
will promoteeconomic
growth
Jackson believes the national
bank is corrupt &and will only
benefit the wealthy
Jackson vetoesevery bill for anational bank
Wins re-electionin 1832,
Jackson movesfederal money into
state banks(“pet banks”)
Panic of 1837(Van Buren was
President)
Greatly hurt theUS economy
Issue orConflict
Jackson’s Opinionabout the Issue
Jackson’s Solutionto the Issue
Final Outcome ofJackson’s Solution
NullificationCrisis
(what is it?)
John C. Calhoun& the South
want tonullify (void)
high tariffs b/cthey threatened
the southerneconomy
Jackson didNOT supportnullification
SC refused to paythe tariff &
threatened toleave the Union
The Force Bill (1833)gives Jackson power
to send troops toSC if they refuse to
pay the tax
Henry Clay helped build a compromise;
Congress loweredthe tariff & the
crisis is postponed
“Tariff of Abominations”
Nullification = belief that states can void a federal law
Jackson as PresidentJackson as President
1832 – Easily wins 1832 – Easily wins a second terma second term Jackson founds the Jackson founds the
Democrat PartyDemocrat Party Extends Presidential Extends Presidential
Power (uses veto Power (uses veto power more than all power more than all other previous other previous presidents presidents combined – 12 combined – 12 times)times)
Opposition to JacksonOpposition to Jackson
The Whig PartyThe Whig Party Formed to Formed to
oppose oppose Jackson’s powerJackson’s power
Desired an end Desired an end to “King to “King Andrew’s” Andrew’s” policiespolicies
DISCUSSION DISCUSSION ACTIVITYACTIVITY
The Treasury Department is in the process of deciding whether or not to remove President Andrew Jackson from the Twenty Dollar bill and replace him with someone else. They are
seeking the help of expert historians to determine whether Jackson deserves to stay on the bill or whether he should be removed. Why or why not does Jackson deserve this honor?Left Side –
In Support of Jackson on the bill
Right Side – Against Jackson on the bill5 JUDGES
Support your argumentSupport your argumentHave at least Have at least 3 reasons/factors 3 reasons/factors
backing up your argument!backing up your argument!
How do you really feel? Should Jackson stay on the $20 bill?
Politics After President JacksonPolitics After President Jackson
Election of 1836
President Martin Van Buren
Panic of 1837
Election of 1840(“Tippecanoe & Tyler Too”)
Martin Van Buren (Jackson’s VicePresident) wins Election of 1836
Economy goes into a full-scaledepression
William Henry Harrison (Whig)runs for President with
John Tyler
Politics After President JacksonPolitics After President Jackson
“Tippecanoe & Tyler Too”
William Henry Harrison
Shortest Presidency
President John Tyler
Harrison defeats Van Buren inElection of 1840
John Tyler takesover, but rejects
all of thepolicies of the
Whig Party(vetoed
national bank)
Three weeks after his inauguraladdress, Harrison dies from
pneumonia
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