confined space operation.ppt
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Brought to you by:
CORPORATESAFETY TRAINING
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146
CONFINED SPACE
OPERATIONSFOR SUPERVISORS
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ABOUT THIS COURSE
This course is intended to provide a enera! overvie" o# the
sa#et$ re!ated "or% practices t$pica!!$ e&p!o$ed to provide
a sa#e and hea!th#u! "or%in environ&ent #or co&pan$
e&p!o$ees' visitors and su()contractors reardin the
"or%p!ace ha*ards associated "ith con#ined spaces+ Itprovides trainin in the sa#e)"or% concepts and techni,ues
re,uired ($ the Occupationa! Sa#et$ and Hea!th
Ad&inistration -OSHA. to ensure "or%p!ace sa#et$+
/our sa#et$ is critica!+ 0here $ou are unsure o# a particu!arcourse o# action reardin this topic' $ou shou!d sa#e!$
secure $our "or% area and report to $our supervisor+
/OUR SAFET/ IS CRITICA12
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COURSE OB3ECTIVES
Esta(!ish Con#ined Space4s Ro!e in Toda$4s Industr$+
Discuss OSHA4S re,uire&ents #or Con#ined Spaces+
Discuss Princip!e Ha*ards invo!ved "ith CS Entr$+
Discuss Basic S%i!!s in Ha*ard Reconition 5 Contro!+
Discuss Con#ined Space Assess&ent Techni,ues+
Discuss Con#ined Space Fa!! Protection S$ste&s+
Discuss Ha*ards Associated "ith Fa!! Protection+
Discuss Rescue and Retrieva! Re,uire&ents+
OB3ECTIVES
0HAT 0E 0I11 COVER DURIN6 THIS TRAININ62
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Confined Space - SLIDE 4 OF 138
BASIS FOR THIS COURSE
0H/ THIS TRAININ6 IS ESSENTIA1 TO /OUR SAFET/ AT 0OR72
8+9 :i!!ion 0or%ers Enter Con#ined Spaces Annua!!$+
The Standard Is E;pected To Reduce Accidents B$ +
Untrained Rescuers Account For 9?> O# Annua! Deaths+
:ost 0or%ers 0ho Survive 1ose Ti&e Fro& Their 3o(+
This Trainin He!ps I&prove2
Sa#et$ :ora!e
Productivit$ E&p!o$ee "e!!)(ein
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COURSE ATTENDEES
E&p!o$ee 0ho Co&e Into Contact 0ith Che&ica!s+
E&p!o$ee 0ho Co&e Into Contact 0ith Ha*ardous :ateria!s+
An$ E&p!o$ee Re,uired to Use a :ateria! Sa#et$ Data Sheet+
Faci!it$ Enineers+
Process Enineers+
Sa#et$ Co&&ittees+
Corporate :anaers+
Depart&ent :anaers+
First 1ine Supervisors+
:aintenance Depart&ents+
Accident Investiation Tea& :e&(ers+
0HO SHOU1D ATTEND THIS TRAININ6 SESSION2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 6 OF 138
ABOUT THIS COURSE
THE TRUTH2 Con#ined Space Operations Trainin 1itera!!$
Can Save /our 1i#e+ The 7e$ to Sa#e and Success#u! Entries
Into Co&p!e; Con#ined Spaces Is E;traordinar$ Prep!annin'
Preparation' E,uippin' Trainin and Practice+ For Retrieva!s'Actua! Practice Re&ova!s Usin Vo!unteers or Du&&ies to
6et the Fee! o# Rea! 1i#e Victi& Hand!in Is Essentia!+ P!an #or
A!! Eventua!ities That Cou!d Conceiva(!$ Occur+ Fai!in to
P!an :eans P!annin to Fai!+ Never Underesti&ate the
Ha*ards Associated 0ith Con#ined Spaces+ Con#ined Space
Operations Are A10A/S a Tea& E##ort+
FOR0ARD2
P1EASE READ
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RE6U1ATOR/ STANDARD
FEDERA1 ) @ CFR 8?+8
E:P1O/ERS :UST2 Furnish a P!ace o# E&p!o$&ent Free o#Reconi*ed Ha*ards That Are Causin or Are 1i%e!$ to Cause Death
or Serious Ph$sica! Har& to E&p!o$ees+ E&p!o$ers :ust Co&p!$
0ith Occupationa! Sa#et$ and Hea!th Standards Pro&u!ated Under
the 0i!!ia&s)Steier Occupationa! Sa#et$ and Hea!th Act o# 8?+
OSHA ACT OF 8?
Purpose2 The 6enera! Dut$ C!ause Provides En#orce&ent Action
0here No Speci#ic OSHA Reu!ations Cover a Particu!ar Ha*ard+
THE 6ENERA1 DUT/ C1AUSE2
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RE6U1ATOR/ STANDARD
8+8 ) @?? ) Sa#et$ Re,uire&ents For Con#ined Space Operations+
ANSI ) A&erican Nationa! Standards Institute2
A8?+8 ) 88 ) Re,uire&ents For Sa#et$ Be!ts' 1an$ards And1i#e!ines For Construction And De&o!ition Use+
=+8 ) 8@ ) Sa#et$ Re,uire&ents For Fa!! Arrest S$ste&s+
Safety Requirements
For Personal Fall
Arrest Systems,
Subsystems And
Components.
Sa#et$In
Con#inedSpaces
RE6U1ATIONS THAT APP1/ TO CONFINED SPACE OPERATIONS2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 9 OF 138
RE6U1ATOR/ STANDARD
CONTENTS OF @ CFR 88?+892
A+ Scope and App!ication ) Practices and Procedures+
B+ De#initions+
C+ 6enera! Re,uire&ents+
D+ Per&it)re,uired Con#ined Space Prora&+
E+ Per&it S$ste&+
F+ Entr$ Per&it+
6+ Trainin Re,uire&ents+
H+ Duties o# Authori*ed Entrants+
I+ Duties o# Attendants+
3+ Duties o# Entr$ Supervisors+
7+ Rescue and E&erenc$ Services+
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Confined Space - SLIDE 10 OF 138
RE6U1ATOR/ STANDARD
APPENDICES TO @ CFR 88?+892
Appendi; A ) Per&it)re,uired Con#ined Space Decision F!o" Chart+
Appendi; B ) Procedures #or At&ospheric Testin+
Appendi; C ) Per&it)re,uired Con#ined Space Prora&s+
Appendi; D ) Con#ined Space Entr$ Per&it -Non&andator$.+Appendi; E ) Se"er S$ste& Entr$ -Non&andator$.+
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Confined Space - SLIDE 11 OF 138
RE6U1ATOR/ STANDARD
@CFR ) SAFET/ AND HEA1TH STANDARDS
88? ) 6ENERA1 INDUSTR/
89 ) CONFINED SPACE OPERATIONS
OSHA ) Occupationa! Sa#et$ 5 Hea!th Ad&inistration2
3an 8' 8 ) Enacted+
Apr 8=' 8 ) Fina! Ru!e Too% E##ect+
RE6U1ATIONS THAT APP1/ TO CONFINED SPACE OPERATIONS2
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6ENERA1 PRO6RA: REUIRE:ENTS
Institute Sa#e 0or% Practices+
Revie" 3o( Speci#ic CS Ha*ards+
Conduct CS Ha*ard Assess&ents+
Post Daner Sins Near Con#ined Spaces+
Certi#$ That Assess&ents Have Been Done+
Provide Trainin To A!! Re,uired E&p!o$ees+
Coordinate CS Operations 0ith Contractors+
Insta!! Enineerin Contro!s 0here Possi(!e+
Institute Ad&inistrative Contro!s 0here Possi(!e+
Contro! Ha*ards Usin PPE As A 1ast Resort+
A11 E:P1O/ERS :UST2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 13 OF 138
TRAININ6 REUIRE:ENTS
THE E:P1O/ER :UST PROVIDE TRAININ62 CS Entr$ Re,uire&ents+
Reconition O# CS Ha*ards+
The 1i&itations O# CS E,uip&ent+
The Proper Use O# CS E,uip&ent+
0hen CS E,uip&ent Is Necessar$+
0hat CS E,uip&ent Is Necessar$+
Care And :aintenance O# CS PPE+
The Re,uire&ents and Procedures #or Rescue+
Trainin :ust Esta(!ish Pro#icienc$+
Train A!! E&p!o$ees Prior To 3o( Assin&ent+
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RETRAININ6 REUIRE:ENTS
REUIRED 0HEN THERE IS A2 Prora& Re!ated InGur$+
A Near :issC!ose Ca!!+
Ne" 0or%)Area Ha*ard+
Chane in 3o( Assin&ent+
Ne" E,uip&ent Introduced+
Ne" Ha*ard Contro! :ethods+
Fai!ure in 0ritten 0or% Procedures+
Fai!ure in the Sa#et$ 0or% Practices+
Reason to Dou(t E&p!o$ee Pro#icienc$+
0hen a Speci#ic Sa#et$ Reu!ation Re,uires Re#resher Trainin+
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Confined Space - SLIDE 1 OF 138
TRAININ6 IS I:PORTANT
A 6OOD PRO6RA: 0I11 HE1P2 Reduce Fata!ities+
Reduce InGur$ and I!!ness Rates+
Acceptance o# Hih)turnover 3o(s+
0or%ers Fee! Better A(out Their 0or%+
Reduce 0or%ers4 Co&pensation Costs+
E!evate Sa#et$ to a Hiher 1eve! o# A"areness+
SAFET/TRAININ6
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PRO6RA: I:P1E:ENTATION
PRO6RA: I:P1E:ENTATION REUIRES2
NOTE2
UNDERSTANDIN6 AND SUPPORT FRO: THE 0OR7 FORCE
IS ESSENTIA1' 0ITHOUT IT THE PRO6RA: 0I11 FAI1
Dedication+
Persona! Interest+
:anae&ent Co&&it&ent+
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PRO6RA: I:P1E:ENTATION
DEVE1OP:ENT SEUENCE2
Esta(!ish Responsi(i!it$+
Esta(!ish Po!ic$ and Deve!op Ru!es+
Conduct a Con#ined Space Ha*ard Ana!$sis o# the Faci!it$+
Deter&ine Appropriate Con#ined Space Ha*ard Contro! :easures+
E!i&inate Con#ined Spaces 0here Possi(!e+
Provide Protection 0here Ha*ard E!i&ination Is Not Possi(!e+
Conduct Trainin+
Per#or& Inspections and :aintenance+
Periodica!!$ Audit the Prora&+ :odi#$ Po!icies and Ru!es As Appropriate+
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PRO6RA: I:P1E:ENTATION
6oa! ) E!i&inate or Reduce Con#ined Space Ha*ards B$2
8+ E!i&ination o# Potentia! 0or% Areas Havin Con#ined Spaces+
@+ Su(stitution o# E,uip&ent Havin Con#ined Spaces+
+ I&p!e&entation o# Presurve$ed Enineerin Contro!s+
+ Providin Ade,uate 0arnins to E&p!o$ees+
=+ I&p!e&entation o# Sa#er 0or% Procedures+
9+ I&p!e&entation o# Revised Trainin+
+ Use o# Persona! Protective E,uip&ent+
DEVE1OP:ENT SEUENCE2
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I:P1E:ENTATION STRATE6/
RECO6NITION
EVA1UATION CONTRO1
PRO6RA: I:P1E:ENTATION STRATE6/2
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I:P1E:ENTATION STRATE6/
RECO6NITION OF SITE CONFINED SPACE HAARDS2
Assess&ent O# Con#ined Space Ha*ards Inc!udes2
RECO6NITION
Site 1ocations Havin Con#ined Spaces+
3o(s Re,uirin Con#ined Space Entries+
3o(s1ocations Havin Had Recent Operationa! Chanes+
3o(s1ocations 0ith Ne" E,uip&ent or Processes+
Ne" 3o(s Havin 1itt!e or No Statistica! InGur$ Data+
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Confined Space - SLIDE 21 OF 138
I:P1E:ENTATION STRATE6/
Prioriti*ation Considerations2
RECO6NITION
1i%e!ihood That the Operation 0i!! Have an InGur$+
Conse,uences o# an InGur$ at the 0or%site+
Severit$ o# InGuries As a Resu!t o# a CS Entr$+
The 1enth E;posure to the Con#ined Space Ha*ard+
Procedures Necessar$ #or Retrieva! or Rescue+
RECO6NITION OF SITE CONFINED SPACE HAARDS2
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I:P1E:ENTATION STRATE6/
Eva!uation2
EVA1UATION
EVA1UATION OF SITE CONFINED SPACE HAARDS2
An Eva!uation o# the 1ocation o# Site Con#ined Spaces+
An Eva!uation o# the Nature or Use o# Site Con#ined Spaces+
An Eva!uation o# the Ha*ards 0ithin Site Con#ined Spaces+
3o(s1ocations 0ith a Hih Incidence o# CS InGur$+
3o(s1ocations 0ith a Hih Incidence o# CS JC!ose)Ca!!s+K
A Deter&ination o# the Site Sa#et$ Contro! :easures+
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Confined Space - SLIDE 23 OF 138
I:P1E:ENTATION STRATE6/
Contro!2
CONTRO1 ON HAARDS 0ITHIN THE 0OR7 ENVIRON:ENT2
CONTRO1
I&p!e&entation o# Strateies Desined to E!i&inate Site
Con#ined Spaces+
I&p!e&entation o# Predeter&ined Contro! :easures Desined
to E!i&inate or Reduce Con#ined Space Ha*ards+ Fo!!o")up Eva!uations at Predeter&ined Interva!s to Ensure
Contro! :easures Are Continua!!$ E##ective+
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I:P1E:ENTATION STRATE6/
Capita! I&prove&ent P!an to E!i&inated Spaces+
Costs Invo!ved in I&p!e&entin Contro! :easures+
1enth o# Ti&e Necessar$ #or I&p!e&entation+
1eve! o# Urenc$ in I&p!e&entation+
Co&pati(i!it$ 0ith E;istin Contro!s+
Anticipated Pro(!e&s 0ith E&p!o$ee Use+
CONTRO1 :EASURES2
CONTRO1
Contro! :easures Considerations2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 2 OF 138
7E/ PRO6RA: E1E:ENTS
7E/ PRO6RA: E1E:ENTS INC1UDE2
Trainin+
0ritten Prora&+
Sa#et$ Co&&ittee+
Per&it Usae And Annua! Revie"+
Con#ined Space Ha*ard Assess&ents+
Con#ined Space Ha*ard Prevention And Contro!+
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Confined Space - SLIDE 26 OF 138
7E/ PRO6RA: E1E:ENTS
CONFINED SPACE TRAININ62
3o()speci#ic Ha*ard Trainin+
Trainin For Faci!it$ Enineers+
Annua! A"areness Trainin+
Schedu!ed Re#resher Trainin+
Retrainin Based On Pro#icienc$ De#iciencies+
Trainin For2
A##ected E&p!o$ees+
:anaers+
Supervisors+ :aintenance Personne!+
ContractorsL
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Confined Space - SLIDE 2! OF 138
7E/ PRO6RA: E1E:ENTS
SITE ASSESS:ENTS2
Con#ined Space Assess&ents2
S$ste&atic Site Ana!$sis+
Depart&enta! Surve$s+
3o( Ha*ard Ana!$sis+
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Confined Space - SLIDE 28 OF 138
7E/ PRO6RA: E1E:ENTS
SAFET/ CO::ITTEE CONSIDERATIONS ) 6ENERA12
Deve!op A Charter+
Docu&ent :eetins+
Ho!d Reu!ar :eetins+
Encourae E&p!o$ee Invo!ve&ent+
Provided Feed(ac% 0ithout Fear O# Reprisa!+
:a%e Reco&&endations For Corrective Action+
Ana!$*e Statistica! Data Concernin 3o( Ha*ards
Brin Co&p!aints' Or Suestions To :anae&ent+
Consider I&p!e&entation o# a Suestion Prora&+ Fo!!o")up At Predeter&ined Interva!s+
Consider An Incentive Prora&+
Be F!e;i(!e+
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Confined Space - SLIDE 29 OF 138
Inc!ude CS Ha*ard Topics Durin Reu!ar :eetins+
Ana!$*e Statistica! Data Concernin Con#ined Space Ha*ards+
:a%e Reco&&endations to :anae&ent #or Corrective Action+
Consider Sa#et$ Posters' Brochures Etc+
Encourae E&p!o$ee Invo!ve&ent in the CS Prora&+
Consider I&p!e&entation o# a Suestion Prora&+
Understand That Fo!!o")up Is Critica!+
SAFET/ CO::ITTEE CONSIDERATIONS ) CS PRO6RA:2
7E/ PRO6RA: E1E:ENTS
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Confined Space - SLIDE 30 OF 138
Support The CS Prora&+
Ensure /our Support Is Visi(!e+
Visi(!e Support Adds Credi(i!it$+
6et Invo!ved In CS Sa#et$+ 1earn
I&p!e&ent 0a$s To :easure E##ectiveness+
Audit The Faci!it$ To Deter&ine Speci#ic Sa#et$ Needs+
Attend The Sa&e Trainin As /our 0or%ers+
Interact 0ith /our 0or%ers' 1earn Their Pro(!e&s+
Insist On Periodic Fo!!o")up 5 Prora& Revie"+ Fo!!o")up On The Actions /ou Too%+
CONFINED SPACE PRO6RA: ) :ANA6E:ENT CONSIDERATIONS2
7E/ PRO6RA: E1E:ENTS
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Confined Space - SLIDE 31 OF 138
7E/ PRO6RA: E1E:ENTS
Support The CS Prora&+
Ensure /our Support Is Visi(!e+
Visi(!e Support Adds Credi(i!it$+
6et Invo!ved In CS Sa#et$+ 1earn
Beco&e A :ode! For Sa#e Behavior+
Never Ridicu!e An$ InGur$ or Near :iss+
Find 0a$s to :easure 0or% P!ace Sa#et$+
Attend The Sa&e Trainin As /our 0or%ers+
Audit ) To Deter&ine CS Sa#et$ Re,uire&ents+ Be Pro#essiona! ) /ou Cou!d Save a 1i#e Toda$+
Pro&pt!$ Initiate An$ Needed Corrective Actions+
Reu!ar!$ Fo!!o")up On An$ Corrective Actions Ta%en+
CONFINED SPACE PRO6RA: ) SUPERVISOR CONSIDERATIONS2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 32 OF 138
6et Invo!ved In The CS Sa#et$ Prora&+
Contri(ute To :a%e Corrective Actions+
Understand Ho" Site Spaces A##ect /our Sa#et$+
Report A!! Accidents And Near)&isses I&&ediate!$+ Be Proactive And Pro#essiona!+
Report A!! CS Sa#et$ Pro(!e&s Or De#iciencies+
Fo!!o")up 0ith An$ Additiona! In#or&ation+
Be A :entor For 1ess E;perienced E&p!o$ees+
CONFINED SPACE PRO6RA: ) E:P1O/EE CONSIDERATIONS:
7E/ PRO6RA: E1E:ENTS
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Confined Space - SLIDE 33 OF 138
7E/ PRO6RA: E1E:ENTS
0RITTEN PRO6RA:S :UST BE2
Deve!oped+
I&p!e&ented+
Contro!!ed+
Periodica!!$ Revie"ed+
And :ust2
Be Understood+
Be Site)Speci#ic+
Assin Responsi(i!it$+
Be Su##icient!$ Detai!ed+ Be Periodica!!$ Revie"ed+
Be 0ritten to the Taret 0or% 6roup+
Be 0ritten to an Appropriate Educationa! 1eve!+
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Confined Space - SLIDE 34 OF 138
PRO6RA: EVA1UATION TECHNIUES INC1UDE2
Con#ined Space Ha*ard Assess&ents+
3o( Ha*ard Ana!$sis Assess&ents+
E&p!o$ee Surve$s+
Revie" o# Resu!ts o# Faci!it$ Eva!uations+
Ana!$sis o# Trends in Con#ined Space InGur$ Rates+
Up)to)date Records o# 1os o# Con#ined Space Ha*ard
I&prove&ents Tried or I&p!e&ented+
Be#ore and A#ter Surve$seva!uations o# 3o("or%site Con#ined
Space Protection Chanes+
7E/ PRO6RA: E1E:ENTS
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Confined Space - SLIDE 3 OF 138
7E/ PRO6RA: E1E:ENTS
:ETHODS OF HAARD CONTRO12
CS Ha*ard Prevention And Contro!+
Enineerin Contro!s+
Ad&inistrative Contro!s+
Opti&i*ation O# 0or% Practices+
Con#ined Space PPE Reduction+
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Confined Space - SLIDE 36 OF 138
7E/ PRO6RA: E1E:ENTS
INDUSTRIA1 H/6IENE CONTRO1 HIERARCH/2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 3! OF 138
7E/ PRO6RA: E1E:ENTS
8+ 6atherin In#or&ation Fro& Avai!a(!e Sources+
@+ Conductin Base!ine Screenin Surve$s to Deter&ine 0hich
Processes' E,uip&ent' Areas or 3o(s Need a C!oser Ana!$sis+
+ Per#or&in Con#ined Space Assess&ents and 3o( Ha*ard
Ana!$ses to Identi#$ and Institute CS Contro! :easures+
+ A#ter I&p!e&entin Contro! :easures' Conductin Periodic
Surve$s and Fo!!o")up to Eva!uate Chanes+
0OR7SITE ANA1/SIS IS DIVIDED INTO FOUR :AIN PARTS2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 38 OF 138
OPERATIONS SCENARIOS
Pits+
Si!os+
Tan%s+
Vau!ts+
Hoppers+ Storae Bins+
Che&ica! Tan%s+
Reactor Vesse!s+
Rai!road Tan% Cars+
:achiner$ Enc!osures+
CONFINED SPACE 0OR7 INVO1VIN62
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Confined Space - SLIDE 39 OF 138
OPERATIONS SCENARIOS
CONFINED SPACE 0OR7 INVO1VIN62
C!eanin Operation Inside
O# Under 6round Storae
Tan%+
Painin Operation InsideO# Under 6round Storae
Tan%+
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Confined Space - SLIDE 40 OF 138
CONFINED SPACE DEATHS
Una"are o# the Potentia! Ha*ard+
Uneducated o# the Potentia! Ha*ard+
Poor!$ E,uipped to :anae the Resu!tin Situation+
SO 0HAT4S THE BOTTO: 1INEL++++ TRAININ6
"OS# DEA#HS OCC$R %ECA$SE E"&LO'EES ARE(
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Confined Space - SLIDE 41 OF 138
CONFINED SPACE DEATHS
Asph$;iation Due to Ha*ardous At&ospheres+
:OST DEATHS OCCUR B/2
:OST DEATHS ARE NOT THE
INITIA1 VICTI:
9?> OF CONFINED SPACEDEATHS ARE 6OOD HEARTED
0OU1D)BE RESCUERS
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Confined Space - SLIDE 42 OF 138
CONFINED SPACE DEATHS
APPROMI:ATE VA1UES
0HEN 0E DON4T 6ET ENOU6H AIR2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 43 OF 138
CONFINED SPACE DEFINITIONS
1i&ited or Restricted Entr$ 5 E;it+
Not Desined #or Hu&an Occupanc$+
1are Enouh to Enter #or 0or%+
CONFINED SPACE2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 44 OF 138
T"o T$pes O# Con#ined Spaces+
NON)PER:IT REUIRED CONFINED SPACE
PER:IT REUIRED CONFINED SPACE
CONFINED SPACE2
CONFINED SPACE DEFINITIONS
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Confined Space - SLIDE 4 OF 138
CONFINED SPACE DEFINITIONS
No Potentia! to Deve!op Ha*ards+
No At&ospheric' Sa#et$' or Hea!th Ha*ards+
Needs to Be Inc!uded in Trainin
Prora&s+
1i&ited E;istin Ha*ard Potentia!+ Needs to Be Assessed+
Needs to Be Periodica!!$ Reassessed+
Needs to Be Contro!!ed+
E;a&p!es o# non)per&it re,uired con#ined spaces &ihtinc!ude the interiors o# HVAC units' certain air p!enu&sand pipe chases' attics' "a!%)in #ree*ers or re#rierators'and so&e (ui!din cra"! spaces+
NON)PER:IT REUIRED CONFINED SPACE2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 46 OF 138
CONFINED SPACE DEFINITIONS
Contains a Ha*ardous At&osphere or the Potentia!+
Contains Enu!#&ent Potentia!+
Interna! Con#iuration That Cou!d Trap an Entrant+
Contains An$ Other Serious Sa#et$ or Hea!th Ha*ard+
PER:IT REUIRED CONFINED SPACE2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 4! OF 138
CONFINED SPACE DEFINITIONS
:a$ E;pose E&p!o$ees to Ris% o# Death' Incapacitation'
I&pair&ent o# A(i!it$ to Se!#)rescue' InGur$' or Acute I!!ness
Fro& One or :ore o# the Fo!!o"in Causes2
AT:OSPHERIC HAARD2
F!a&&a(!e 6as' Vapor' or :ist E;ceedin 8?> 1E1+
Air(orne Co&(usti(!e Dust in E;cess o# Its 1E1+ O;$en Concentration Be!o" 8+=>+
O;$en Concentration A(ove @+=>+
Concentration o# An$ Su(stance E;ceedin Its PE1+
Another At&ospheric Condition That Is ID1H+
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Confined Space - SLIDE 48 OF 138
CONFINED SPACE DEFINITIONS
Per&issi(!e E;posure 1i&its -PE14s.+
Found In @ CFR 88?+8??? -The JK Ta(!es.+
Esta(!ishes OSHA4s E;posure 1eve!s+
1ea!!$ En#orcea(!e+
PER:ISSIB1E EMPOSURE 1I:IT -OSHA.2
RECO::ENDED EMPOSURE 1I:ITS -NIOSH.2
Reco&&ended E;posure 1i&its -RE14s.+
Used To Deve!op Ne" OSHA Standards+
Source2 JNIOSH Reco&&endations For
Occupationa! Hea!th Standards+K
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Confined Space - SLIDE 49 OF 138
CONFINED SPACE DEFINITIONS
The T1V Is The Upper 1i&it O# A To;in Concentration To 0hich An Averae
Hea!th$ Person :a$ Be Repeated!$ E;posed To On An A!!)da$' Ever$da$
Basis 0ithout Su##erin Adverse Hea!th E##ects+
6aseous Su(stances ) E;pressed As Parts Per :i!!ion -PP:.+
Fu&es Or :ists ) E;pressed In :i!!ira&s Per Cu(ic :eter -&&.+
A&erican Con#erence o# 6overn&enta! Industria! H$ienist -AC6IH.+
THRESHO1D 1I:IT VA1UE2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 0 OF 138
CONFINED SPACE DEFINITIONS
I::EDIATE1/ DAN6EROUS TO 1IFE 5 HEA1TH2An ID1H 1eve! Represents A :a;i&u& Concentration Fro& 0hich One
Cou!d Escape 0ithin ? :inutes 0ithout E;periencin An$ Irreversi(!e
Adverse Hea!th E##ects+
In Practice' 0hen The Concentration O# A To;ic Su(stance In A 6iven
Area Is 7no"n' ID1H 1eve!s :a$ Be Used For Deter&inin 0hether Se!#)contained Breathin Apparatus Is Needed 0hen Enterin The Area+ I#
The Concentration E;ceeds The ID1H 1eve!' Positive)de&and' Se!#)
contained Breathin Apparatus Shou!d Be Used+
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Confined Space - SLIDE 1 OF 138
CONFINED SPACE DEFINITIONS
UPPER F1A::AB1E 1I:IT -UF1.2
The JRicherK Point at 0hich a :i;ture o# F!a&&a(!e Vapor and Air
0i!! No 1oner Support Co&(ustion+
1O0ER F1A::AB1E 1I:IT -1F1.2
The J1eanerK Point at 0hich a :i;ture o# F!a&&a(!e Vapor and Air
0i!! No 1oner Support Co&(ustion+
CO:BINED' THE ABOVE EUA1 THE F1A::AB1E RAN6E
F1A::AB1E RAN6E2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 2 OF 138
CONFINED SPACE DEFINITIONS
?>
@+=>
8>
=?>
=>
8??>
F1A::AB1E RAN6E OF ACETONE @+= ) 8>
PERCENTA6E OF AT:OSPHERE
ACETONE
F1A::AB1E RAN6E ) ACETONE2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 3 OF 138
An O(server Stationed Outside o# a Con#ined Space+
A))endan)(
Authori*ed Entrant2
An O(server Stationed Outside o# a Con#ined Space+
Entr$ Supervisor2
Oversees Con#ined Space 0or% and Sa#et$ Operations+
:onitors Con#ined Space Entr$ Operations+
:onitors Sa#et$ Con#or&ance+
:onitors Per&it Sinin+
CONFINED SPACE 0OR7ERS2
CONFINED SPACE DEFINITIONS
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Confined Space - SLIDE 4 OF 138
7no" the Ha*ards Associated 0ith the Space+
Be A"are o# the E##ects o# Ha*ardous E;posures+
:aintain Accounta(i!it$ o# Entrants+
Re&ain on Dut$ Unti! Proper!$ Re!ieved+
:onitor the Status o# the Entrant As Appropriate+
Co&&unicate 0ith the Entrant As Appropriate+
:onitor Activities Inside and Outside the Space+
Order Evacuation o# the Space 0hen Dictated+
Su&&on Rescue Andor E&erenc$ Assistance+ Per#or& Non)entr$ Rescue in Accordance 0ith Po!ic$+
Per#or& No Duties That Inter#ere 0ith Attendant Duties +
ATTENDANT DUTIES2
RESPONSIBI1ITIES
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Confined Space - SLIDE OF 138
7no" the Ha*ards Associated 0ith the Space+
Fo!!o" the Instructions on the Per&it+
Use Re,uired E,uip&ent Proper!$+
Continua!!$ Co&&unicate 0ith Attendant+
A!ert the Attendant 0hen Necessar$+
E;it the Space uic%!$ 0hen So Re,uired+
ENTRANT DUTIES2
RESPONSIBI1ITIES
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Confined Space - SLIDE 6 OF 138
ENTR/ SUPERVISOR DUTIES2
Sa#e!$ Contro! The Situation
7no" the Ha*ards Associated 0ith the Space+
Ensure A!! Entries on the 0ritten Per&it Are Appropriate+
Ensure A!! Tests' Procedures and E,uip&ent Are Used+ Ter&inate Entr$ Authori*ation 0hen Appropriate+
Veri#$ That Rescue Services Are Avai!a(!e+
Veri#$ :ethods Are in P!ace to Su&&on Rescue Services+
Re&ove Unauthori*ed Individua!s Atte&ptin Access+
Deter&ine 0hen Trans#er o# Responsi(i!it$ Ta%es P!ace+ Ensure Operations Are Consistent 0ith the Per&it+
Per#or& Non)entr$ Rescue in Accordance 0ith Po!ic$+
Per#or& No Duties That Inter#ere 0ith Supervisor Duties+
RESPONSIBI1ITIES
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Confined Space - SLIDE ! OF 138
In#or& the Contractor That Per&its Spaces E;ist+
Apprise the Contractor o# 7no"n Ha*ards+
Apprise the Contractor o# Precautions 5 Procedures+
Coordinate Entr$ Operations 0ith the Contractor+
De(rie# the Contractor at Ter&ination o# Operations+
Deter&ine 0hen Trans#er o# Responsi(i!it$ Ta%es P!ace+
Ensure Operations Are Consistent 0ith the Per&it+
Deter&ine The Contractors4 Sa#et$ Record+
Esta(!ish Ru!es For Their Operation+ Ensure The Contractor Is ua!i#ied+
Inspect The& Reu!ar!$+
HOST RESPONSIBI1ITIES2
CONTRACTORS CONSIDERATIONS
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Confined Space - SLIDE 8 OF 138
CONTRACTORS CONSIDERATIONS
O(tain A!! In#or&ation Concernin 7no"n Ha*ards+
Deter&ine Precautions 5 Procedures Reardin 0or%+
Provide Sa#et$ Docu&entation As Re,uested B$ The Host+
Brie# The Host On Ho" The 0or% 0i!! A##ect Host E&p!o$ees+
Deter&ine 0hen Trans#er o# Responsi(i!it$ Ta%es P!ace+
Ensure Operations Are Consistent 0ith the Per&it+
Coordinate Entr$ Operations 0ith the the Host+
Brie# the Host at Ter&ination o# Operations+
CONTRACTOR RESPONSIBI1ITIES2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 9 OF 138
CONTRACTORS CONSIDERATIONS
FINA1 CONSIDERATIONS FOR CONTRACTORS2
1ea!!$' /ou are Responsi(!e For A!! Persons On /our Site+
Ensure Contractors A(ide B$ Faci!it$ Sa#et$ Ru!es As A :ini&u&
Re&e&(er' 'o* Contro! /our Faci!it$ Or 0or% Area
Revie" Their Procedures +i), #,e.
Revie" Their Procedures Be#ore The$ Start The 3o( Deter&ine Their Sa#et$ Per#or&ance Record
Deter&ine 0ho Is In Chare O# Their Peop!e
Deter&ine Ho" Their Activit$ 0i!! A##ect /our E&p!o$ees
Esta(!ish Ru!es For 0or%in Around /our E&p!o$ees+
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Confined Space - SLIDE 60 OF 138
THE ENTR/ PER:IT
THE ENTR/ PER:IT SPECIFIES2
Sa#e Entr$ Conditions+
Sa#e Entr$ Ti&e#ra&es+
E;terna! Ha*ard Contro!s+
Hot "or% Sa#et$ Re,uire&ents+
Speci#ies E;terna! Ha*ard Contro!s+
Re,uire&ents For Sa#e Iso!ation o# Space+
E&erenc$ Noti#ication And Rescue :eans+
Speci#ies2 ) Purin ) Inertin ) F!ushin ) Venti!atin+
Initia!Periodic At&ospheric :onitorin Re,uire&ents+ 1os 0ho Conducted :onitorin And Speci#ic :ethods+
7e$ Personne! Needed For Sa#et$ Entr$' Operations and Eress+
Note2 A!! Per&its :ust Be Revie"ed On An Annua! Basis+
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Confined Space - SLIDE 61 OF 138
THE ENTR/ PER:IT :UST BE2
Visi(!e At The Entr$ 1ocation+
Va!id For The Ti&e O# Space Entr$+
Address A!! Possi(!e Ha*ards In the Space+
THE ENTR/ PER:IT
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Confined Space - SLIDE 62 OF 138
EUIP:ENT CONSIDERATIONS
PRINCIPA1 EUIP:ENT NEEDED ) PERSONA12
Bod$ Harnesses+
Air Co&pressors+
SCBA E,uip&ent+
:u!ti)as :onitors+ Venti!ation E,uip&ent+
Supp!ied Air Respirators+
Air Puri#$in Respirators+
Persona! Protective E,uip&ent+
E;traction Ca(!es and 1an$ards+
Rescue Tripoddavit Ar& and 0inch S$ste&+
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Confined Space - SLIDE 63 OF 138
EUIP:ENT CONSIDERATIONS
PRINCIPA1 EUIP:ENT NEEDED ) 6ENERA12
Hand Too!s+
First Aid 7its+
Rescue S7EDS+
Ti&e 7eepin E,uip&ent+
Intrinsica!!$ Sa#e 1ihtin+
Co&&unications E,uip&ent+
Escape 1adders #or Depths o# Five Ft+
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Confined Space - SLIDE 64 OF 138
HAARD RECO6NITION
Overa!! Past Usae Histor$+
Previous Che&ica! Usae+
Previous Accident Statistics+
Cross Chec% A!! Re!evant In#or&ation+
Re!ated Current or For&er :SDS Usae+
Chec% 0ith Others 7no"!edea(!e o# the Space+
RE:E:BER2 SO:EONES 1IFE :A/ BE IN /OUR HANDS
PER:IT SPACE HISTOR/2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 6 OF 138
HAARD RECO6NITION
Reduced O@ Fro& 0e!dincuttin Operations+
Reduced O@ Fro& Inertin Operations+
E;p!osive Conditions Fro& Spar%s#!a&e+
Fu&es 1i(erated ($ Che&ica! C!eanin+
Fu&es 1i(erated ($ Paintin or Coatin Operations+
Dust E;p!osions Fro& Particu!ate Processin+
0OR7 6ENERATED CONDITIONS2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 66 OF 138
Consider2
EMTERNA1 CONDITIONS2
E##ect o# 1i,uids Drainin Into the Space+
Conta&inants' 1ea%s' Spi!!s' E;hausts Etc+
Bac%#!o" Fro& Drains or Output 1ines+
Current or Chanin 0eather Conditions
HAARD RECO6NITION
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Confined Space - SLIDE 6! OF 138
HAARD RECO6NITION
0hat Operationse,uip&ent 0i!! Inter#ere 0ith Entr$L
0hat E##ect Does Entr$ Have on Other OperationsL
0hat Che&ica!ph$sica! Ha*ards Are PresentL
Co&p!ete E!ectrica! Iso!ation AchievedL
Are Stea& or Product 1ines PresentL
Are :SDS4s Avai!a(!e #or ProductsL
Is Enu!#&ent a Potentia! Ha*ardL
Is Heat Stress a Potentia! FactorL
0i!! 0i!d!i#e Be E##ectedL
CURRENT EVA1UATION OF THE SPACE2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 68 OF 138
HAARD CONTRO1
Prevent Unauthori*ed Entr$+
Contro! Neih(orin Operations+
Achieve a ero Ener$ State+
SITE RESTRICTION 5 CONTRO12
ENER6/ ISO1ATION -1OC7OUTTA6OUT.2
) E!ectrica! ) Ther&a! ) Sprin
) :echanica! ) Che&ica! ) OtherL
) H$drau!ic ) Radioactive ) Pneu&atic)6ravit$ Fed
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Confined Space - SLIDE 69 OF 138
HAARD CONTRO1
Coo!+ C!ean+
Pure+
E&pt$+
De)Eneri*e+
Depressuri*e+
Reduce Ha*ards to the :a;i&u& E;tent Possi(!e+
Contro! Ha*ards to the :a;i&u& E;tent Possi(!e+
SPACE PREPARATION2
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Confined Space - SLIDE !0 OF 138
T/PES OF RESPIRATORS
AIR)PURIF/IN6 RESPIRATORS+
SUPP1IED)AIR RESPIRATORS+
SE1F)CONTAINED BREATHIN6 APPARATUSES+
THREE FA:I1IES OF RESPIRATORS2
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Confined Space - SLIDE !1 OF 138
T/PES OF RESPIRATORS
The APR Is Used 0here There Is Enouh O;$en Present But
The Air In The Area Is Conta&inated 0ith 6ases' Vapors' Or
Dust+ These Respirators Fi!ter Out Danerous :ateria!s Or
Divert Air Throuh A Che&ica! Fi!ter+ Does Not Produce
O;$en0arnin ) So&e Su(stances Cannot Be Sa#e!$ Fi!tered
Re,uirin /ou To 0ear An Air)supp!ied Respirator+
AIR)PURIF/IN6 OR FI1TERIN62
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Confined Space - SLIDE !2 OF 138
T/PES OF RESPIRATORS
:echanica!)Fi!ter Respirators2
Re&ove Partic!es Fro& The Air+
:a$ Have Disposa(!e Fi!ters For Dust+
:a$ Have Ha!#)#ace Or Fu!!)#ace Facepieces+
To Choose The Correct Unit /ou Need To 7no"2
AIR)PURIF/IN6 OR FI1TERIN62
) T$pe O# Conta&inant+
) Concentration O# The Conta&inant+
) Si*e O# The Partic!es+
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Confined Space - SLIDE !3 OF 138
T/PES OF RESPIRATORS
Che&ica! Cartride Respirators2
Used For 1o" Concentrations O#2
AIR)PURIF/IN6 OR FI1TERIN62
) Oranic 6ases+
) Pesticides+
) Paint Vapors+ :a$ Have Ha!#)#ace Or Fu!!)#ace Facepieces+
Cartride :ust Be Riht One For T$pe O# Conta&inant
Use On!$ 0ith Conta&inants 0ith 0arnin Odor Or
Irritation I# The Cartride Fai!s To 0or%+
Not For Use Aainst Hih!$ To;ic 6ases+
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Confined Space - SLIDE !4 OF 138
The SAR Is Used 0henever There Is Not Enouh O;$en And
The Concentration O# The Air(orne Su(stances Present Is Not
I&&ediate!$ Danerous To 1i#e 5 Hea!th -ID1H.+
A!! Respirators :ust Be Approved For The Conta&inant For
0hich The E&p!o$ee Is E;posed Too+ Approva! Is Done3oint!$ B$ The :ine Sa#et$ And Hea!th Ad&inistration O# The
Depart&ent O# 1a(or And The Nationa! Institute For
Occupationa! Sa#et$ And Hea!th -NIOSH. O# The Depart&ent
O# Hea!th And Hu&an Services+
SUPP1IED)AIR RESPIRATORS2
T/PES OF RESPIRATORS
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Confined Space - SLIDE ! OF 138
T/PES OF RESPIRATORS
Air)1ine T$pe Respirators2
Used For O;$en De#icient At&ospheres+
Not For ID1H At&ospheres -Un!ess Au; Air Carried.+
:a$ Have Ha!#)#ace Or Fu!!)#ace Or Hood+
Air Supp!ied Fro& C$!inders Or A Co&pressor+
Three T$pes O# SARs2
SUPP1IED)AIR RESPIRATORS2
) Continuous F!o"+
) De&and Air F!o"+
) Pressure)de&and F!o"+
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Confined Space - SLIDE !6 OF 138
T/PES OF RESPIRATORS
SCBA Uses A Source O# Breatha(!e Air Carried B$ The 0earer+
A!thouh This 6reat!$ Enhances The :o(i!it$ O# The 0earer It
1i&its The Duration O# Protection+ At A :oderate 0or% Rate'
Usin Appro;i&ate!$ ? 1iter :inute Vo!u&e' :ost SCBA Units
Have A Rated Duration O# ?)9? :inutes+
SCBA Consists O# The Fo!!o"in2 Face Piece' Breathin Tu(e'
Air Supp!$ Tu(e' Reu!ator' E;ha!ation Va!ve' Air C$!inder And
Va!ve+
SE1F)CONTAINED BREATHIN6 APPARATUS -SCBA.2
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Confined Space - SLIDE !! OF 138
T/PES OF RESPIRATORS
:o(i!e Air Supp!$ T$pe S$ste&s -T"o T$pes.2
C!osed)circuit Re(reathin Units+
Pressure)de&and Open Circuit Units+
SE1F)CONTAINED BREATHIN6 APPARATUS -SCBA.2
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Confined Space - SLIDE !8 OF 138
T/PES OF RESPIRATORS
Pressure)De&and Open)Circuit Units2
Provides ? To 9? :inutes 0orth O# Air+
T$pica!!$ Used B$ Fire Rescue Services+
The User4s Breath Is E;ha!ed Into At&osphere+
Positive Pressure Is :aintained Inside The Facepiece+
SE1F)CONTAINED BREATHIN6 APPARATUS -SCBA.2
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Confined Space - SLIDE !9 OF 138
T/PES OF RESPIRATORS
C!osed)Circuit Re(reathin Units2
Protects Up To Four Hours+
T$pica!!$ Used In :ine Rescues+
The User4s Breath Is Rec$c!ed+
Car(on Dio;ide Is Re&oved Fro& E;ha!ed Air+
O;$en Is Added Fro& A S&a!! C$!inder+
SE1F)CONTAINED BREATHIN6 APPARATUS -SCBA.2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 80 OF 138
RESPIRATOR SE1ECTION
CONSU1T 0ITH AN INDUSTRIA1 H/6IENIST
RE6ARDIN6 THE T/PE OF RESPIRATOR TO BE
USED 0ITH /OUR OPERATION THE FO11O0IN6
ARE 6ENERA1 6UIDE1INES ON1/
CHOOSIN6 A RESPIRATOR IS SERIOUS BUSINESS2
Dust :as% Ha!# Face Fu!! Face Supp!ied Air SCBA
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Confined Space - SLIDE 81 OF 138
RESPIRATOR SE1ECTION
Do a Fit Test+
Receive Trainin+
Provide Proper Care+
7no" the Ha*ard 1eve!s+
Receive a :edica! Test+ Revie" E;posure 1i&its+
Se!ect Correct Respirator+
Receive Annua! Ph$sica!+
Receive Annua! Trainin+
Chec% the O;$en 1eve!s+
RESPIRATOR RECO::ENDATIONS2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 82 OF 138
RESPIRATOR SE1ECTION
CHOOSIN6 A RESPIRATOR IS SERIOUS BUSINESS2
7NO0 0HAT /OU 0OR7 0ITH2
0or%in "ith respirator$ ha*ards can put $ou at reat ris%+ /ou cannot
a!"a$s detect the ha*ards' (ut dust' s&o%e' #o' &ist' #u&es' ases'
vapors and spra$s can (e ver$ ha*ardous to $our hea!th and sa#et$+
The actual properties of the hazard must be !o"! to mae a decisio!
o! the specific t#pe of e$uipme!t to be used%
PRI:AR/ CONSIDERATIONS2
8+ 0hat are the e;posure !i&its a!!o"ed #or the particu!ar
conta&inantsL
@+ Have the ha*ard !eve!s in $our "or% area (een &easuredL
+ Do $ou have the correct a&ount o# o;$en in $our "or% areaL+ Are $ou trained to use and "ear a respiratorL
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Confined Space - SLIDE 83 OF 138
RESPIRATOR SE1ECTION
HAARDOUS CONDITION ) OM/6EN DEFICIENC/2
ID1H Condition2
An$ Positive)pressure Se!#)contained Breathin Apparatus
-SCBA.+
Co&(ination Positive)pressure Supp!ied)air Respirator
-SAR. 0ith Au;i!iar$ Se!#)contained Air Supp!$+
An$ Positive)Pressure SCBA or SAR+
Non)ID1H Condition2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 84 OF 138
Positive)pressure Se!#)contained Breathin Apparatus -SCBA.+
Co&(ination Positive)pressure Supp!ied)air Respirator
-SAR. 0ith Au;i!iar$ Se!#)contained Air Supp!$+ An$ Positive)pressure SAR' 6as :as%' Or Che&ica!
Cartride Respirator+
HAARDOUS CONDITION ) 6ASES AND VAPORS2
ID1H Condition2
Non)ID1H Condition2
Dust :as% Ha!# Face Fu!! Face Supp!ied Air SCBA
RESPIRATOR SE1ECTION
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Confined Space - SLIDE 8 OF 138
RESPIRATOR SE1ECTION
An$ Positive)pressure SAR Inc!udin A(rasive B!astin
Respirator+ Po"ered Air)puri#$in Respirator E,uipped 0ith Hih)
e##icienc$ Fi!ters+ An$ Air)puri#$in Respirator 0ith A Speci#ic Particu!ate Fi!ter+
HAARDOUS CONDITION ) PARTICU1ATE CONTA:INANTS2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 86 OF 138
Positive)pressure Se!#)contained Breathin Apparatus -SCBA.+
Co&(ination Positive)pressure Supp!ied)air Respirator -SAR.
0ith Au;i!iar$ Se!#)contained Air Supp!$+
An$ Positive)pressure SAR' 6as :as%' Or Che&ica!
Cartride Respirator+
HAARDOUS CONDITION ) 6ASEOUS AND PARTICU1ATES2
ID1H Condition2
Non)ID1H Condition2
Dust :as% Ha!# Face Fu!! Face Supp!ied Air SCBA
RESPIRATOR SE1ECTION
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Confined Space - SLIDE 8! OF 138
RESPIRATOR SE1ECTION
Fire#ihtin2
HAARDOUS CONDITION ) ID1H2
ID1H Escape Condition2
Positive)pressure Se!#)contained Breathin Apparatus -SCBA.+
Co&(ination Positive)pressure Supp!ied)air Respirator -SAR.
0ith Au;i!iar$ Se!#)contained Air Supp!$+
Positive)pressure Se!#)contained Breathin Apparatus -SCBA.+
Dust :as% Ha!# Face Fu!! Face Supp!ied Air SCBA
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Confined Space - SLIDE 88 OF 138
RESPIRATOR UA1IFICATION
The Proper Fittin O# A Respirator Is Deter&ined B$ A Fit
Tests And Sea! Chec%s+ Fit Tests Can Be Jua!itativeK Or
JuantitativeK+ So&e OSHA Standards Have Speci#ic
Re,uire&ents For Fit Testin+ See The 8??? Series In @
CFR+
RESPIRATOR FIT TESTIN6 ) 6ENERA12
&'A(ITATI)E
&'ANTITATI)E
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Confined Space - SLIDE 89 OF 138
AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6
Fo!!o" /our Per&it Instructions+
Instru&ents Shou!d Be Ade,uate!$ Sensitive+
Instru&ents Shou!d Be Ca!i(rated and Docu&ented+
Users Shou!d Be Technica!!$ ua!i#ied+
Testin :ust Be Done Prior to Each Entr$+
OSHA4S RECO::ENDATIONS2
ASPH/MIATION IS THE 1EADIN6 CAUSE OF
DEATH IN CONFINED SPACES
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Confined Space - SLIDE 90 OF 138
AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6
Do Not Rep!ace Ca!i(ration+
B!o" Into ?@ Sensors to Test ?@ De#icienc$+
A So!vent :ar%er 0i!! Test #or Co&(usti(!es+
Usin a Butane 1ihter Is Not Reco&&ended+
Function Tests :ust Be Done Prior to Each Entr$+
INSTRU:ENT FUNCTION TESTS2
ASPH/MIATION IS THE 1EADIN6 CAUSE OF
DEATH IN CONFINED SPACES
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Confined Space - SLIDE 91 OF 138
AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6
ASPH/MIATION IS THE 1EADIN6 CAUSE OF
DEATH IN CONFINED SPACES
HAARD 1I:IT
CARBON :ONOMIDE -CO. -PP:. = PP:H/DRO6EN SU1FIDE -H@S. -PP:. 8? PP:OM/6EN -O@. 8+=> ) @+=>
1O0ER EMP1OSIVE 1I:IT -1E1. 8?>
INSTRU:ENT FUNCTION TESTS2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 92 OF 138
:U1TI)6AS :ONITOR2
HAARDS DETECTED
OM/6EN -O@.
CARBON :ONOMIDE -CO.
H/DRO6EN SU1FIDE -H@S.1O0ER EMP1OSIVE 1I:IT -1E1.
T/PICA1 6AS :ONITOR
Co&&on 6as :onitor
AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6
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Confined Space - SLIDE 93 OF 138
AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6
F1A::AB1E RAN6E OF ACETONE @+= ) 8>
PERCENTA6E OF AT:OSPHERE
ACETONE
F1A::AB1E RAN6E ) ACETONE2
?> ))
@+=> ))
8> ))
=?> ))
=> ))
8??> ))
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Confined Space - SLIDE 94 OF 138
CARBON :ONOMIDE2 ) T1V = PP: -AC6IH.
) PE1 =? PP: -OSHA.
) ID1H 8@?? PP:
H/DRO6EN SU1FIDE2 ) T1V 8? PP: -AC6IH.
) PE1 8? PP: -OSHA.
) ID1H 8?? PP:
CO::ON TOMIC 6ASES2
AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6
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Confined Space - SLIDE 9 OF 138
AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6
CONSIDERATIONS
) BATTER/ CHEC7
) CA1IBRATION
) OMIDIERS) ACIDS
) DATA INTERPRETATION
TESTIN6 CONSIDERATIONS2
Co&&on 6as :onitor
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Confined Space - SLIDE 96 OF 138
AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6
ACCESSORIES
) BATTER/
) PU:P
) SA:P1IN6 TUBE) SA:P1IN6 TUBE FI1TER
ACCESSOR/ CONSIDERATIONS2
Co&&on 6as :onitor
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Confined Space - SLIDE 9! OF 138
AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6
TESTIN6 SEUENCE
8+ OM/6EN
@+ F1A::ABI1IT/ + TOMICIT/
TESTIN6 SEUENCE2
:ust Be Tested In The A(ove Se,uence
Co&&on 6as :onitor
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Confined Space - SLIDE 98 OF 138
AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6
0H/ A TESTIN6 SEUENCEL
8+ OM/6EN ) :ost Co&(usti(!e 6as :eters Are ?@
Dependent and :ust Have ?@ Present to Provide
Re!ia(!e Data+
@+ F1A::ABI1IT/ ) The Threat o# Fire or E;p!osion Is
Both :ore I&&ediate and :ore 1i#e Threatenin in
:ost Cases Than To;ic Vapors+
+ TOMICIT/ ) I# Tests #or To;ic Vapors Are Necessar$
The$ Are Per#or&ed 1ast+
TESTIN6 SEUENCE2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 99 OF 138
AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6
Eva!uation Testin ) Eva!uation o# Ha*ards Present in thePer&it Space+
Veri#ication Testin ) Veri#ication That Accepta(!e Entr$
Conditions #or Entr$ Into That Space E;ist+
Duration o# Testin ) :easure&ent o# Va!ues #or Each
At&ospheric Para&eter Shou!d Be :ade For at 1east the:ini&u& Response Ti&e O# the Instru&ent Speci#ied B$
the :anu#acturer+
SA:P1IN6 STRATE6IES2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 100 OF 138
AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6
Vapor Densit$
Air 8
Q8 1ihter than Air 8 Heavier than Air
STRATIFIED AT:OSPHERES2
AIR8
Q8
8
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Confined Space - SLIDE 101 OF 138
AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6
Sa&p!e Ever$ To Ft+
Sa&p!e The Entire Space+
Don4t Trust /our Senses+
Don4t 6et Rushed' Be Thorouh+
7no" The :eter Response Ti&e+
7eep Sa&p!in Tu(e Out O# Product+
Periodica!!$ Retest The Space+
Docu&ent A!! Readins+
:ove Sensor On!$ As Fast As The
:eter Response Ti&e+
STRATIFIED AT:OSPHERES2
ESTA*(IS+ A TESTING PROTOCA(
8st Test
@nd Test
rd Test
th Test
=th Test
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Confined Space - SLIDE 102 OF 138
Retest A#ter /ou Enter+
Retest in /our Breathin one+
Tr$ and Find the Bad Air
Don4t Derade /our O"n Air
Thin% Thin% Thin%
PERIODIC RETESTIN62
AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6
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Confined Space - SLIDE 103 OF 138
AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6
7no" /our E&erenc$ Response Procedures
I&&ediate!$ Noti#$ Entrants o# Unsa#e Conditions
I# There Is An$ Dou(t ) Evacuate The Space
7no" the Ti&e It Ta%es to Evacuate
Don4t Tr$ to Re&ed$ Be#ore Orderin Evacuation Evacuate Then Contro! The Ha*ard
UNACCEPTAB1E TEST RESU1TS2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 104 OF 138
CONSU1T THE O0NERS :ANUA1
FOR SPECIFICS RE6ARDIN6 THE
INSTRU:ENT /OU ARE USIN6 DO
NOT ASSU:E AN/THIN6
O0NERS :ANUA1 IS 7E/2
AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6
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Confined Space - SLIDE 10 OF 138
0hen the Air Contains Too 1itt!e O;$en+
0hen the Air Contains Too :uch O;$en+
The Air Is Too F!a&&a(!e+
The Air Is To;ic+
Bein Venti!atin 0e!! in Advance o# An$ Entr$+
Test the At&osphere in Advance o# An$ Entr$+
Continue Venti!atin As 1on As Entrants Are in Space+
Consider the T$pe o# 0or% Bein Per#or&ed+
Use B!o"ers ON1/ IN As(estos)Free Spaces+
Fo!!o" the Instructions on the Per&it+
0HEN TO VENTI1ATE2
CONFINED SPACE VENTI1ATION
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Confined Space - SLIDE 106 OF 138
CONFINED SPACE VENTI1ATION
Venti!ation S$ste&s2
VENTI1ATION S/STE: CONSIDERATIONS2
1oca! E;haust Venti!ation2
) Usua!!$ 3o()speci#ic+
6enera! Venti!ation2
) Usua!!$ Area)speci#ic+
(ocal E,haust )e!tilatio! Ge!eral )e!tilatio!
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Confined Space - SLIDE 10! OF 138
CONFINED SPACE VENTI1ATION
1oca! E;haust Venti!ation2
VENTI1ATION S/STE: CONSIDERATIONS2
Captures at Point o# Oriin+
Re&oves Sin!e Source Conta&inants+
Use Durin Hot 0or%+
Use Durin 6rindin Operations+ Use Durin C!eanin Operations+
7eep the Inta%e C!ose to the Source+
Not the Best #or Dispersed Conta&inants+
The Shape o# the Space Can Be Detri&enta!+
Chec% 0ith Supp!iers #or the :ost Suita(!e T$pe+ (ocal E,haust)e!tilatio!
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Confined Space - SLIDE 108 OF 138
CONFINED SPACE VENTI1ATION
Does Not Reduce the A&ount o# Conta&inants+
There Are 1i&its on 0hen It Can Be Used+
Conta&inants :ust Be o# 1o" To;icit$
Di!utes the 6enera! At&osphere in the Space+
Re&oves Area Conta&inants+
Conta&inants :ust Be Produced at a Uni#or& Rate+
Best #or Providin O;$en+
Best #or Contro!!in 1o" Concentrations o# To;ins+
Chec% 0ith Supp!iers #or the :ost Suita(!e T$pe+
VENTI1ATION S/STE: CONSIDERATIONS2
6enera! Venti!ation Considerations2
Ge!eral )e!tilatio!
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Confined Space - SLIDE 109 OF 138
E;haust Venti!ation2
Supp!$ Venti!ation2
VENTI1ATION S/STE: CONSIDERATIONS2
6enera! Venti!ation Considerations2
) Dra" Bad Air Out+
) B!o"s Fresh Air in+
VENTI1ATOR
SPACEOUTSIDE
CONFINED SPACE VENTI1ATION
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Confined Space - SLIDE 110 OF 138
CONFINED SPACE VENTI1ATION
E;haust Venti!ation2
AIR F1O0
SPACEOUTSIDE
VENTI1ATION S/STE: CONSIDERATIONS2
6enera! Venti!ation Considerations2
E;haust
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Confined Space - SLIDE 111 OF 138
Supp!$ Venti!ation2
VENTI1ATION S/STE: CONSIDERATIONS2
6enera! Venti!ation Considerations2
AIR F1O0
SPACEOUTSIDE
Supp!$
CONFINED SPACE VENTI1ATION
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Confined Space - SLIDE 112 OF 138
1ocate Inta%e Point JSupp!$ AirK Outside O# Space+
1ocate E;haust Out!et to Prevent Recircu!ation+
1ocate Out!et 0here E;haust 0i!! Be Har&!ess+
Consider Need to Fi!ter E;haust Air+
I# the E;haust Is F!a&&a(!e' Re&ove Inition Sources+
VENTI1ATION S/STE: CONSIDERATIONS2
6enera! Venti!ation ) Inta%e Point P!ace&ent2
Inta%e Point JSupp!$
AirK Is Outside O#
Space+
CONFINED SPACE VENTI1ATION
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Confined Space - SLIDE 113 OF 138
CONFINED SPACE VENTI1ATION
SHORT CIRCUIT
VENTI1ATION S/STE: CONSIDERATIONS2
AIR F1O0
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Confined Space - SLIDE 114 OF 138
CONFINED SPACE VENTI1ATION
VENTI1ATION S/STE: CONSIDERATIONS2
BETTER P1ACE:ENT
AIR F1O0
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Confined Space - SLIDE 11 OF 138
CONFINED SPACE VENTI1ATION
6enera! Venti!ation -Po"er Considerations.2
VENTI1ATION S/STE: CONSIDERATIONS2
AIR F1O0AIR F1O0
AIR F1O0
E,uip&ent :ust :ove Air E##ective!$ 0ithin The Space+
E,uip&ent :ust Carr$ A"a$ An$ Conta&inants+
A Series o# B!o"ers :a$ Be Needed+
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Confined Space - SLIDE 116 OF 138
CONFINED SPACE VENTI1ATION
Duct 0or% Directs the Air F!o"+
P!ace Duct 0or% Out o# the 0a$+
Re&e&(er 0h$ the Duct Is Present+
7eep Ducts As Short As Possi(!e+
7eep Ducts As Straiht As Possi(!e+ Never 7in% Ducts' Avoid Sharp Bends+
Ensure Connections Are Tiht+
Rechec% O#ten
Read The :anua!
VENTI1ATION S/STE: CONSIDERATIONS2
Duct 0or% ) 6enera!2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 11! OF 138
CONFINED SPACE VENTI1ATION
A FINA1 NOTE ON DUCT 0OR7
VENTI1ATION IS :ORE CO:P1EM THAN :OST PEOP1E
REA1IE+ CONSU1T 0ITH THE :ANUFACTURER ON THE
BEST 0A/ TO USE THEIR EUIP:ENT+ :AN/SITUATIONS CAN ARISE 0HICH CREATE CHA11EN6ES
TO CONFINED SPACE ENTRIES+ ENSURE /OU 7NO0
THE VARIOUS CONFI6URATIONS THAT VENTI1ATION
EUIP:ENT CAN AND CANNOT SUPPORT+ AS7
VENTI1ATION S/STE: CONSIDERATIONS2
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Confined Space - SLIDE 118 OF 138
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
E&p!o$er Decides I# On or O##)site Rescue 0i!! Be Used+
On)site Rescue2
) Usua!!$ :ade up o# In)house Personne!+
) :otivated Tea&+
) E;tensive Trainin+
) Practica! E;ercises -at 1east Once Ever$ 8@ :onths.+
) Reu!ar Rein#orce&ent o# Trainin+
RESCUE CONSIDERATIONS2
On)Site Rescue ) 6enera!2
ON)SITE RESCUE ON)SITE RESCUE
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Confined Space - SLIDE 119 OF 138
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
E&p!o$er Decides I# on or O##)site Rescue 0i!! Be Used+
O##)site Rescue2
) C!ose Pro;i&it$+
) E;tensive Pre)coordination+ ) :ust Understand the Ha*ards to Be Faced+
) :ust Have Access to A!! Spaces #or Pre)p!annin+
I:PORTANT2 A Feasi(i!it$ Assess&ent :ust Be :ade to
Deter&ine The Practica!it$ o# O##)site Rescue+
O##)Site Rescue ) 6enera!2
RESCUE CONSIDERATIONS2
OFF)SITE RESCUE OFF)SITE RESCUE
CO S C SC
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Confined Space - SLIDE 120 OF 138
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
6ood Endurance+
Possess Enthusias&+
:ust Be a Capa(!e 1eader+
:ust Have a Positive Attitude+ 6ood Ph$sica! Fitness and Hea!th+
:ust Be Capa(!e o# Fo!!o"in Orders+
:ust Have Sa&e Trainin As Entrants+
:ust Reu!ar!$ Participate in Practica! E;ercises+
RESCUE CONSIDERATIONS2
The Rescue Tea& ua!i#ications2
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
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Confined Space - SLIDE 121 OF 138
Rescue Techni,ues+
Understand Se!#)rescue Criteria+
First AidCPR Pro#icienc$ Re,uired+
Co&&unications in Con#ined Spaces+
Reconition o# Con#ined Space Ha*ards+
Understand the Use o# Persona! Protective E,uip&ent+
RESCUE CONSIDERATIONS2 Rescue Trainin2
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
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Confined Space - SLIDE 122 OF 138
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
HORIONTA1 RESCUES VERTICA1 RESCUES
Hori*onta!+
Vertica!+
SAFE1INE
SAFE1INE
RESCUE CONSIDERATIONS2
Rescue T$pes2
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
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Confined Space - SLIDE 123 OF 138
ENTR/ RESCUES NON)ENTR/ RESCUES
RESCUE CONSIDERATIONS2
Non)entr$ Rescue+
Entr$ Rescue+
Rescue S$ste&s2
SAFE1INE
SAFE1INE
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
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Confined Space - SLIDE 124 OF 138
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
Sa#est #or Rescuer+
Re,uires E;tensive Entrant Trainin+
Tripod -or E,uiva!ent :ost Co&&on.+
NFPA Approved Rope -8=28 Tensi!e Strenth.+
Used 0hen O(stac!es Prevent Non)entr$ Rescue+
Re,uires E;tensive Rescue Tea& Trainin+
Various Entr$ :ethods Can Be Used+
RESCUE CONSIDERATIONS2
Non)Entr$ Rescue2
Entr$ Rescue2
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
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Confined Space - SLIDE 12 OF 138
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
Assess Ph$sica! Condition+ 1oo% #or Sins o# Shoc%+ 7eep Head Sta(!e and Air"a$s Open+ I&&o(i!i*e the Spine+
P!astic S7EDS Are Ver$ Use#u!+ Don4t InGure the Victi& Durin E;trication+ 0rist!ets :a$ Be Used I# No Trau&a Is Created+ Never :ove or Care #or an InGured Victi& Un!ess /ou
Have Been Trained to Ad&inister First Aid+ I# Situation Is J1i#e or DeathK Use Best 3ud&ent+
RESCUE CONSIDERATIONS2
Victi& Care -InGuries.2
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
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Confined Space - SLIDE 126 OF 138
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
Rescue and Retrieva! S$ste&s Are
6enera!!$ Used in Con#ined Spaces'
and Are O#ten 7no"n As Persona!
Retrieva! S$ste&s+ The S$ste& Is
Pri&ari!$ Used 0hen 0or%ers :ustBe 1o"ered Into Tan%s' :anho!es'
Etc+' And 0hen Retrieva! :a$ Be
Re,uired Shou!d an E&erenc$
Occur+
RESCUE AND RETRIEVA1 S/STE:S2
Victi& Care -InGuries.2
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
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Confined Space - SLIDE 12! OF 138
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
RESCUE AND RETRIEVA1 S/STE:S2
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
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Confined Space - SLIDE 128 OF 138
RETRIEVA1 S/STE:S AND PER:IT SPACE ENTR/2
Retrieva! E,uip&ent :ust Be Used2 Retrieva! S$ste&s or :ethods
:ust Be Used 0henever an Authori*ed Entrant Enters a Per&it
Space' Un!ess the Retrieva! E,uip&ent 0ou!d Increase the Overa!!
Ris% o# Entr$ or 0ou!d Not Contri(ute to the Rescue o# theEntrant+
Vertica! Retrieva! Trier is = Feet2 :echanica! Device :ust Be
Avai!a(!e to Retrieve Personne! Fro& Vertica! T$pe Per&it Spaces
:ore Than = Feet Deep+
Non)entr$ Rescue Criteria2
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
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Confined Space - SLIDE 129 OF 138
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
Entrants :ust Use a Chest or Fu!! Bod$ Harness+
Retrieva! 1ines :ust Attached to the Center o# the Bac% at
Shou!ders or A(ove the Entrant4s Head+
0rist!ets :a$ Be Used in 1ieu o# a Harness I# It Can Be2
8+ De&onstrated That a Harness Is In#easi(!e+ @+ De&onstrated That a Harness Increases the Ha*ard+
+ De&onstrated That 0rist!ets Are the Sa#est :eans+
The Retrieva! 1ine :ust Be Attached to a :echanica! Device or
Fi;ed Point Outside the Space to Faci!itate I&&ediate Rescue+
RETRIEVA1 S/STE:S AND PER:IT SPACE ENTR/2
Retrieva! S$ste&s :ust :eet The Fo!!o"in Criteria2
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
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Confined Space - SLIDE 130 OF 138
The Fo!!o"in 6uide!ines 0i!! He!p Deter&ine I# a Retrieva!S$ste& Presents :ore Ha*ards Than Bene#its2
RETRIEVA1 S/STE:S AND PER:IT SPACE ENTR/2
A Per&it Space 0ith O(structions That Cou!d Bind The
Retrieva! 1ine' the Entrant Need Not Use a Retrieva! S$ste&+
0hen an E&p!o$ee Bein Rescued 0ith the Retrieva! S$ste&
0ou!d Be InGured Because o# Force#u! Contact 0ithProGections In The Space+
In a Per&it Space' an Entrant Usin an Air Supp!ied
Respirator Need Not Use a Retrieva! S$ste& I# the Retrieva!
1ine Cou!d Beco&e Tan!ed 0ith the Air 1ine+
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
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Confined Space - SLIDE 131 OF 138
Idea!!$' A Retrieva! S$ste& Shou!d Be Desined' Tested' andSupp!ied As a Co&p!ete S$ste&+
Co&ponents :a$ Not Be Interchanea(!e+
As% the :anu#acturer I# Di##erent E,uip&ent Is Co&pati(!e+
Su(stitutions or Chane to Retrieva! S$ste&s Shou!d Be Fu!!$Eva!uated or Tested to Deter&ine 0hether or Not It :eets the
Standard' BEFORE THE :ODIFIED S/STE: IS PUT INTO USE+
E$I&"E/# I/CO"&A#I%ILI#'(
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
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Confined Space - SLIDE 132 OF 138
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
Heat+
Sharp and Cuttin Edes+
Environ&enta! Conditions+
Corrosion and Dirt+
ADDITIONA1 HAARD CONSIDERATIONS2
CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
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Confined Space - SLIDE 133 OF 138
It Is I&portant to Re&e&(er That Trainin Is Critica! 0hen
Rescuin InGured or Sic% 0or%ers Invo!ved in Con#ined Space
Accidents+ It Is Reco&&ended That Basic Rescue Techni,ues
Be Considered 0hen Desinin or Renovatin a Faci!it$+ ProperDesin :a$ A!!o" 1ess S%i!! and Trainin in Acco&p!ishin
Rescues Than Those Techni,ues Used ($ Advanced Rescue
Tea&s+ E!i&ination o# Con#ined Spaces Is A!"a$s the First
Choice+
TRAININ6 AND PROPER DESI6N IS CRITICA12
Trainin And Proper Desin Is Critica!2
INSPECTION AND CARE OF RESCUE EUIP:ENT
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Confined Space - SLIDE 134 OF 138
E&p!o$ees Usin the E,uip&ent Need to Inspect Their O"n
E,uip&ent+ Do Not P!ace /our 1i#e Unnecessari!$ in An$one
E!se4s Hands De#ective Co&ponents :ust Be Re&oved Fro&Service I# Their Function or Strenth Has Been Adverse!$
A##ected+
INSPECTION BEFORE USE2
/ou :ust 7no" Ho" To Inspect /our O"n E,uip&ent2
INSPECTION AND CARE OF RESCUE EUIP:ENT
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Confined Space - SLIDE 13 OF 138
E,uip&ent Su(Gected to I&pact 1oadin or an Actua! Fa!! :ust
Be I&&ediate!$ Re&oved Fro& Service and Not Used Aain
Un!ess Inspected and Deter&ined ($ a Co&petent Person to Be
Unda&aed and Suita(!e #or Reuse+
I:PACT 1OADIN62
I:PORTANT2 So&e :anu#acturers 0i!! Not 6uarantee That
Harnesses or 1an$ards 0i!! Provide Ade,uate Protection Durin
a Second Fa!!+ :an$ o# These :anu#acturers State on theE,uip&ent to Destro$ the Harness and 1an$ard A#ter a Fa!! Has
Been Sustained+
A1SO
I&pact 1oaded E,uip&ent :ust Be Re&oved Fro& Service2
INSPECTION AND CARE OF RESCUE EUIP:ENT
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Confined Space - SLIDE 136 OF 138
Deve!op a Detai!ed Inspection Po!ic$+
Inspect E,uip&ent Be#ore Each Use -0ithout E;ception.+
Inspect Anchorae Points Be#ore Use+
Ta Da&aed E,uip&ent As Unusa(!e+
Separate Da&aed E,uip&ent Fro& Servicea(!e E,uip&ent+
Consider the E##ects on E,uip&ent Stored #or 1on Periods+ Re&ove JI&pact 1oadedK E,uip&ent Fro& Service I&&ediate!$+
Incorporate :anu#acturer4s Instructions Into Site Inspections+
Consider Specia! Situations Such As Radiation' E!ectrica!
Conductivit$' and Che&ica!s Etc+
INSPECTION CONSIDERATIONS2
CO:PONENTS OF A SUCCESSFU1 PRO6RA:
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Confined Space - SLIDE 13! OF 138
A 6OOD CONFINED SPACE PRO6RA: 0I11 HAVE2
8+ DETAI1ED 0RITTEN SAFET/ PROCEDURES+8+ DETAI1ED 0RITTEN SAFET/ PROCEDURES+
@+ ANNUA1 REVIE0 B/ A CO:PETENT PERSON+@+ ANNUA1 REVIE0 B/ A CO:PETENT PERSON+
+ AN EMTENSIVE E:P1O/EE TRAININ6 PRO6RA:++ AN EMTENSIVE E:P1O/EE TRAININ6 PRO6RA:+
+ PERIODIC REINFORCE:ENT OF SAFET/ TRAININ6++ PERIODIC REINFORCE:ENT OF SAFET/ TRAININ6+
=+ SUFFICIENT DISCIP1INE RE6ARDIN6 I:P1E:ENTATION+=+ SUFFICIENT DISCIP1INE RE6ARDIN6 I:P1E:ENTATION+
9+ PERIODIC FO11O0)UP TO 7EEP THE PRO6RA: CURRENT+9+ PERIODIC FO11O0)UP TO 7EEP THE PRO6RA: CURRENT+
THAN7 /OU FOR PARTICIPATIN6 IN THIS TRAININ6 PRO6RA:
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Do $ou have an$ ,uestionsDo $ou have an$ ,uestions
concernin the course &ateria!concernin the course &ateria!
"e have Gust coveredL"e have Gust coveredL
P!ease contact $our courseP!ease contact $our course
#aci!itator at $our #aci!it$+#aci!itator at $our #aci!it$+
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