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CommonFruitFly(Drosophilamelanogaster)

FruitFly–Good

Small,easyandcheaptomaintainandmanipulateShortlifespanProducelargenumbersofoffspringAvailabilityofmutantsLotsofpreviousexperimentsanddiscoveriesGenomeissequencedHomologuesforatleast75%ofhumandiseasegenesExhibitcomplexbehaviorsFewerethicalconcerns

FruitFly–BadSpoIed-wingDrosophila

UnlikenaNvefruitflyspeciesthatlayeggsonlyinalready-damagedandroPngfruit,SWDcausesdamagewhenthefemalefliescutaslitandlayeggsinhealthyfruit.Thisinsectisapestofmostberrycrops,cherries,grapesandothertreefruit.

Coleoptera

•  Beetles,weevils•  Hardenedouterwingscalledelytra•  Mostspeciesofanyinsect,infact,oneinfivelivinganimalspeciesisabeetle.

•  Decomposers,predators,herbivores•  Completemetamorphosis•  Chewingmouthparts•  23.7K,300K

Cigarette Beetle Drugstore Beetle

Cigarette Beetle

Drugstore Beetle

Cigarette and Drugstore Beetles These two small beetles have become common household pests. The adult beetles may be seen at various times of the year, often in early summer. They are good fliers and may accumulate on window or doorsills when they try to make their way outdoors. Besides the nuisance factor of having beetles in the house, both species are considered stored food product pests. The cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne) is destructive to cured leaf tobacco and tobacco products (especially those in storage), but also feeds on dried yeast cakes, seeds, dried botanical specimens, dried fish, leather goods, and even tapestry and upholstered furniture. The drugstore beetle (Stegobium paniceum) feeds on almost anything of vegetable origin, including a great variety of stored foods, seeds, breakfast cereals and the like. It gets its name from the habit of feeding on almost all drugs found in pharmacies. Both species are often found infesting herbs and spices in the home, especially those that have been left on the back of a shelf in storage for long periods of time. Condiments such as dried chili powder, hot peppers, and celery seed are a few of the items in which they are found. Also, such items as dried flower arrangements or seed pictures may harbor an infestation.

GoldenTortoiseBeetle

GranaryWeevil

StagBeetle

Six-spoIedGreenTigerBeetle

BillbugBombardierbeetle

Head

Thorax

Abdomen

Bombardierbeetle

Storage1 Storage2

ReacNonChamber

Hydrogenperoxide Hydroquinone

Heat p-quinone

Bombardierbeetleabdomen

catylase

ChemicalWarfare

hIps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_U-1kPbvj8Q

BillbugBombardierbeetle

LadyBeetleandLunch

LiIleRedLilyLeafBug

LocustBorer

Whileweliketostressthebeneficialinsects…

notallinsectsarebeneficial.

AsianLonghornedBeetle

ColoradoPotatoBeetle

EmeraldAshBorer

BandedCucumberBeetle

AIackshardwoodtreespecies,includingmaple,birch,poplarandelm.

AIacksallnaNveashtrees

AIacksvegetableplantsincludingcucumber,squash,beans,peas,sweetpotato,corn,leIuceandsoybeans

AIackspotato,pepperandtomatoplants,eggplants

AsianLonghornedBeetle

AllMaples(Acer):BoxelderNorwayRedSilverSugar

Horsechestnuts/Buckeyes(Aescelusspp.)Elms(Ulmusspp.)Willow(Salixspp.)

Birch(Betulaspp.)Sycamore/Planetree(Platanusspp.)Poplar(Populusspp.)Mimosa(Albiziajulibrissin)Katsura(Cercidiphyllumjaponicum)Ash(Fraxinusspp.)Goldenraintree(Koelreuteriapaniculata)Mountainash(Sorbusspp.)Hackberry(CelBsspp.)

VeryGoodHosts OtherHosts

EmeraldAshBorer:Agrilusplanipennis

Millions of ash trees dead (and counting) [Ohio has nearly 4 billion ash trees]

HostImpact:

Larvaefeedunderbark;disrupttransportofwater,nutrients,carbohydrates.AllmajorashspeciesaresuscepNble(white,green,black,blue,pumpkin).Healthytreeskilledwithin1-3yearsoffirstsymptoms.Treesofallsizearecolonized:1/2inchsamplingstothelargestmaturetrees.

Wherediditcomefrom?Howdiditgethere?

Origin:EastAsia(NEChina,ESiberia,Korea,Japan) DiscoverednearDetroitinJune2002;establishedatleast10years.

Probablyviasolidwoodpacking(pallets,craNng,dunnage).

July20,2007

Known distribution as of March 1, 2016

Known distribution as of April 1, 2017

Larva: July - Sept

Adults: late May - August

Pupa: May – June

Prepupa: over-winter

Life cycle: typically one generation per year

OuterBark

Phloem

Cambium

TreeTrunkBasics

Xylem

RingPorousTrees:AshTreedeclineanddeathisrapid—1-3yearsWateristransportedonlythroughthecurrentannualring

Symptoms of EAB: dieback and decline

Thinning canopy

Epicormic branching

Suckering from roots

Diagnosing emerald ash borer: 3 key signs

2. Serpentine galleries just under the bark

1. Small (1/8”) D-shaped exit holes

3. Flat, tapeworm-like larvae with bell-shaped segments.

Early warning: Unusual woodpecker activity

KnownEABInfestaNons-January2005

Map is current as of January 2005

Infestation has been eradicated

Infestation is still being dealt with

ODA Quarantine

EABmanagementopNons:1. Donothing

2. Removal,replacement

3.AnnualinsecNcidetreatments

AreinsecNcideseffecNve?TwoobjecNves:

1.EradicaNon:no

2.TreeprotecNon:yes

Best to begin application before EAB are present but tree is within a 15 mile radius of effected trees

Insecticide Treatment

ohioline.osu.edu

ohioline.osu.edu

Lepidoptera•  BuIerflies,moths•  BuIerfliesduringtheday,mothsatnight•  Wingscoveredinscales•  Immaturestagesarecaterpillars•  AIractmatesusingpheromones•  Completemetamorphosis•  Chewing(larvae)andsucking(adult)mouthparts

•  11.3K,112K

HebrewMoth LeopardMoth

Ailanthus Webworm Moth

MonarchBuIerfly

MonarchBuIerflyChrysalis

PolyphemusMoth

PolyphemusMothCocoon

HickoryHornedDevilCaterpillar

RegalMothorRoyalWalnutMoth

TomatoHornwormCaterpillar

Hawk,SphinxorHummingbirdMoth

MarpesiaBuIerfly

SaddlebackCaterpillar

DecepNvePracNcesMonarchBuIerfly

CommonMilkweed

Cardenolide

ViceroyBuIerfly

DoesnoteatMilkweedBUTPredatorsAvoidIt

IngestasLarva

Hymenoptera•  Ants,Bees,Wasps,Hornets,Sawflies•  Adultscanbewingedorwingless•  Pollinators•  Socialinsects-divisionoflabor•  Queendominatedsociety•  Predators,herbivores,anddecomposers•  Completemetamorphosis•  Chewingmouthparts•  17.2K,108K

Bald-facedHornet

YellowJacket

PaperWasp

HoneyBee

Note:OnlyahoneybeeworkerislimitedtoasinglesNng

SNnger=Ovipositor

CowKillerWasp

RedVelvetAnt

AphidFarmingAphidsfeedonplantsapandexcreteasweetandnutriNousliquidcalledhoneydew,whichtheantsdrink.Inreturn,theantsrunaprotecNonracket,defendingtheaphidsfrompredators.

Aphid-farmingantssimilarproblemtohumanfarmers–theirherdsarelikelytowanderawayandit’sintheants’intereststopreventthis.EarlierworkshowedthattheysomeNmesbitethewingsoffaphidsthathavethemorproducechemicalsfromglandsintheirjawsthatsubduethedevelopmentofwingsinthefirstplace.

Noneofthatstopsthewinglessindividualsfromjustwalkingaway,sotheantsuseanothertrick.Theblackgardenant(Lasiusniger)secreteschemicalsinitsfootstepsthateffecNvelytranquilizeaphidsandstopthemfromwalkingofftoanotherplant.

Common Name Scientific Name Carpenter Ant Camponotus spp. Cornfield Ant Lasius alienus Larger Yellow Ant Acanthomyops interjectus Pharaoh Ant Monomorium pharaonis Thief Ant Solenopsis molesta Pavement Ant Tetramorium caepitum Little Black Ant Monomorium minimum False Honey Ant Prenolepis imparis Allegheny Mound Ant Formica exsectoides Lawn Ant Iridomyrmex pruinosus var. analis Acrobat Ant Cremastogaster lineolata Odorous House Ant Tapinoma sessile Crazy Ant Paratrechina longicornis

AntsSpeciesarePlenNful

CarpenterAnts

CarpenterAnt

AntMimickingSpider

CarpenterAnt

AntMimickingSpider