colorectal surgery – outcomes and scoring
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Colorectal Surgery – Outcomes and Scoring
Dermot Burke
The General Infirmary at Leeds
Birmingham 37 70Derby County 38 70Sunderland 38 67Preston 37 65Wolves 38 65West Bromwich 37 63Cardiff 38 63Southampton 38 60Stoke City 38 58Colchester 38 53Crystal Palace 37 52Sheffield Wed 38 52Plymouth 36 49Coventry City 38 49Norwich City 37 47Leicester 37 46Ipswich 38 45Burnley 36 41Hull 38 41Southend 38 38Barnsley 37 38QPR 37 37Luton 38 36Leeds United 38 35
Commissioned analysis of surgical performance by using routine data: lessons from Bristol inquiry.
Spiegelhalter DJ, Aylin P, Best NG, Evans SJW, Murray GD.
J R Statist Soc (Ser A) 2002;165:1-31
Colorectal SurgeryWhy Score?
http://heartsurgery.healthcarecommission.org.uk
ASA1 Fit and well
2 Mild systemic disease
3 Severe, limiting systemic disease
4 Incapacitating systemic disease
5 Moribund
APACHE
APACHE (1981) 34 physiological variables
APACHE II (1985) 12 physiological variables age and chronic health history.
APACHE III (2001) 17 physiologic variablesage and chronic health historyprior treatment location & diagnosis
APACHE IITemperature - core
Mean arterial pressure
Heart rate
Respiratory rate
Oxygenation
FIO2
Arterial pH
Serum sodium
Serum potassium
Serum creatinine
Haematocrit
White blood cell count
APACHE II
Developed for use in intensive care setting
Takes no account of surgical insult
What is POSSUM?
Alien invasion: How the possum became public enemy No 1
What is POSSUM?
Physiological and Operative Severity
Score for the enUmeration of
Morbidity and Mortality
What is POSSUM?
A method of operative risk prediction
that allows for case-mix
What is POSSUM?
18 variables
12 physiological 6 operative
Physiological Operative
Age OperationCardiac status Number of proceduresECG Blood lossRespiratory status Peritoneal contaminationBP Extent of malignancyPulse Elective / emergency GCS HbWCCUreaSodiumPotassium
POSSUM mathsEach factor divided into 1, 2, 3, or 4 levels
weighting of 1, 2, 4 or 8 applied to that level
Amount (ml)
<100
101- 500
501 – 1000
>1000
Weighting
1
2
4
8
Level
1
2
3
4
e.g. blood loss
Original POSSUM equations
MorbidityIn [R/(1-R)] = -5.91 + (0.16*phys score) + ( 0.19*op sev score)
MortalityIn [R/(1-R)] = -7.04 + (0.13*phys score) + ( 0.16*op sev score)
Minimum risk of mortality = 0.40%
P-POSSUM
Minimum risk of mortality = 0.22%
In [R/(1-R)] = -9.06 + (0.169*phys score) + (0.155*op sev score)
CR-POSSUMAge, Cardiac status, BP, Pulse, Hb, Urea
Operation, Peritoneal contamination,Extent of malignancy, Emergency / Elective
Physiological (6):
Operative (4):
Tekkis et al Br J Surg 2004, 91: 1174-1182
ln[R/(1 − R)] = −9 ・ 167 + (0 ・ 338*phys score) + (0 ・ 308*op sev score)
CR-POSSUM
Minimum risk of mortality = 0.27%
Overpredicts young, fit, elective
Underpredicts elderly, emergency
Tekkis et al Br J Surg 2004, 91: 1174-1182
Validation of CR-POSSUM
Patients(n)
P-POSSUM CR-POSSUM ActualDeaths
General 519 23 (4.4%) 19 (3.7%) 18 (3.5%)
Colorectal 793 36 (4.5%) 25 (3.2%) 28 (3.5%)
Total 1312 59 44 46
Shutt D et al, 2005, ACPGBI
ACPGBI scores
Predictive score for patients with colorectal cancer(age, ASA, stage, urgency, cancer resection)
Predictive model for patients with malignantbowel obstruction (age, ASA, stage, urgency)
Practicalities
Arsenal 12 12 0 0 70 2 68 36 Everton 14 10 3 1 32 13 19 31Charlton Athletic 11 9 1 1 37 13 24 28 Leeds United 11 8 2 1 34 18 16 25Blackburn Rovers 16 7 8 1 29 29 0 22Chelsea 11 6 2 3 25 10 15 21Bristol 11 7 4 0 29 23 6 21Birmingham City 14 4 6 4 22 21 1 16Doncaster Rovers 14 4 9 1 17 35 -18 13Sunderland 17 3 13 1 12 60 -48 10Cardiff City 16 2 11 3 20 40 -20 9Fulham 15 1 14 0 9 72 -6 3
Man Utd 29 23 3 3 66 19 +47 72 Chelsea 28 19 6 3 50 19 +31 63 Liverpool 29 16 5 8 44 20 +24 53 Arsenal 27 15 7 5 50 23 +27 52 Bolton 30 14 6 10 34 34 0 48 Everton 29 11 10 8 37 26 +11 43 Reading 29 13 4 12 43 38 +5 43 Tottenham 30 12 7 11 40 43 -3 43Portsmouth 29 11 8 10 36 31 +5 41 Blackburn 30 12 5 13 35 39 -4 41 Newcastle 29 10 7 12 34 37 -3 37 Middlesborough 29 9 9 11 32 34 -2 36 Aston Villa 28 7 12 9 29 34 -5 33 Fulham 29 7 12 10 31 44 -13 33 Wigan 29 9 5 15 30 44 -14 32 Sheffield Utd 29 8 7 14 25 41 -16 31 Man City 27 8 6 13 20 33 -13 30 Charlton 29 6 6 17 26 49 -23 24 West Ham 30 5 6 19 21 50 -29 21 Watford 29 3 11 15 18 43 -25 20
Man Utd 29 23 3 3 66 19 +47 72 Chelsea 28 19 6 3 50 19 +31 63 Liverpool 29 16 5 8 44 20 +24 53 Arsenal 27 15 7 5 50 23 +27 52 Bolton 30 14 6 10 34 34 0 48 Everton 29 11 10 8 37 26 +11 43 Reading 29 13 4 12 43 38 +5 43 Tottenham 30 12 7 11 40 43 -3 43Portsmouth 29 11 8 10 36 31 +5 41 Blackburn 30 12 5 13 35 39 -4 41 Newcastle 29 10 7 12 34 37 -3 37 Middlesborough 29 9 9 11 32 34 -2 36 Aston Villa 28 7 12 9 29 34 -5 33 Fulham 29 7 12 10 31 44 -13 33 Wigan 29 9 5 15 30 44 -14 32 Sheffield Utd 29 8 7 14 25 41 -16 31 Man City 27 8 6 13 20 33 -13 30 Charlton 29 6 6 17 26 49 -23 24 West Ham 30 5 6 19 21 50 -29 21 Watford 29 3 11 15 18 43 -25 20
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