cold war 1945 - 1991

Cold War

1945 - 1991

Cold War1945 - 1991

WWII

technological economic

medical

political

cultural

social

Ideologies war

hot cold

Democracy capitalism

Communismcommand

Bi-polar

Berlin Wall Balance of Power / International

WarsawNATO

Arms Race

ICBM

atomicnuclear

Space Race NASA - Astronaut

Soviet -Cosmonaut

Espionage

Intelligence Sources spies

KGBCIA

Proxy Wars

“20”

Decolonization 40’s 50’s

60’s

70’s80’sMusic

Computers

Terrorism

Oil

Sports

NATIONAL ANTHEMS:

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA&

SOVIET UNION

Results/Influences following World War II…

• Political – Fascism destroyed; democracy vs. communism struggle for control

• Cultural/social – Europe in ruins and divided loyalties; 50+ million dead; cultures/society in distress

• Economic – Allies attempt to resolve destroyed European economies; capitalism vs. command; debts

• Technological – stealing of valuable inventions/innovations

• Medical – new concepts/procedures

USA

USSR

Ideological struggle resulting after the end of World War II…

United Statesand

Western Democracies

• “Containment” of communism

• Eventual collapse of the communist world

Soviet Union (USSR)and

Eastern Block Nations

• Spread world-wide communism

Methodologies –1. Espionage (CIA vs. KGB)2. Arms Race (nuclear escalation)3. Ideological competition for the hearts and minds of

Third World Peoples; “proxy wars”4. Bi-polarization of Europe (NATO vs. Warsaw Pact)

Concept of “containment” towards communism…

• Restoration of a balance of power– Promote self-confidence in nations threatened by

Soviets (Truman Doctrine); long-term economic help (Marshall Plan)

• Reduction of Soviet power on international stage– Exploitation of communist tensions/expansion;

cooperation with communist regimes• Modify Soviet international relations

– Negotiate differences; “carrots and sticks” policy for Germany and USSR

Berlin Airlift1948-49

What makes the Soviet threat unique in history is its all-inclusiveness.

Every human activity is pressed into service as a weapon of expansion.

Trade, economic development, military power, arts, science, education, the whole world of ideas....

The Soviets are, in short, waging total cold war.

President Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1958

America

Free elections

Democratic

Capitalist

‘Survival of the fittest’

Richest world power

Personal freedom

Freedom of the media

Soviet UnionNo elections or fixed

Autocratic / Dictatorship

Communist

Everybody helps everybody

Poor economic base

Society controlled by the NKVD (secret police)

Total censorship

Differences in the Cold War…United States

• Democratic Gov’t

• Capitalist Economy– Free-enterprise– Variety and competition– Private ownership

• Allies

Soviet Union (USSR)

• Communist Gov’t

• Command Economy– Government control– Limited choice/elimination of

competition– Government ownership

• Allies

Top 15 contributors to the UN budget 2013

Member state Contribution(% of UN budget)

United States 22.000%

Japan 10.833% Germany 7.141% France 5.593%

United Kingdom 5.179%

China 5.148% Italy 4.448% Canada 2.984% Spain 2.973% Brazil 2.934% Russia 2.438% Australia 2.074%

South Korea 1.994%

Mexico 1.842%

Netherlands 1.654%

Other member states 20.765%

Atomic/Nuclear Influences

PLAY “BAREFOOT GEN” FOR EXPLOSION OVER HIROSHIMA9:02

http://www.gensuikin.org/english/photo.html

http://www.museumofworldwarii.com/TourText/Area16a_AtomicBomb_new.htm

Cold War: A Brief HistoryThe Beginnings of the “Nuclear” Cold War

• …following World War II, the United Nations met in January 1946, and created the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission; the goal was to eliminate all weapons of mass destruction, including the atomic bomb.

•…first policy on the control of atomic energy was The Report On The International Control Of Atomic Energy, or the "Acheson-Lilienthal" Report, in March 1946.

•…the U.S. proposed to the United Nations an international ban on nuclear material; it called for the establishment of an international authority to control potentially dangerous atomic activities and carry out inspections.

•…The Soviets rejected this ban proposal, which would have left the United States with a decisive nuclear superiority until the details of the Plan could be worked out and would have stopped the Soviet nuclear program. The Soviets responded by calling for universal nuclear disarmament.

•… In 1946, the United States conducted the world's first postwar nuclear test.

•…Meanwhile, the control of the U.S. atomic efforts transferred from military control to civilian. The Atomic Energy Act of 1946 established the Atomic Energy Commission which controlled all aspects of nuclear power.

SRBM Comparison

MRBM and IRBM Comparison

ICBM Comparison

SS-25 In Flight

SS-27xx Road-Mobile Launcher

SLBM Comparison

Cruise Missile Comparison

Ballistic Missile Category Maximum Range

Short-range ballistic missile (SRBM)

<1,000 km (621 mi)

Medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM)

1,000-3,000 km (621-1,864 mi)

Intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM)

3,000-5,500 km (1,864 - 3,418 mi)

Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM)

>5,500 km (3,418 mi)

Submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM)

Any ballistic missile launched from a submarine, regardless of maximum range

LV to Salt Lake City

LV to Minneapolis

LV to New York City

LA to New York City and beyond

Blast—40-50% of total energy Thermal radiation—30-50% of total energy Ionizing radiation—5% of total energy Residual radiation—5-10% of total energy

PLAY “BEST OF ALL NUCLEAR BLASTS”7:42

PLAY “NUCLEAR DETONATION TIMELINE: 1945-1998”9:59

PLAY “SPUTNIK OCTOBER 4, 1957”3:24

PLAY “HISTORY OF AMERICAN MANNED SPACEFLIGHT” 8:48

LV to Salt Lake City

PLAY “APOLLO 11 40TH ANNIVERSAY”4:51

PLAY “APOLLO 13 THE REAL STORY”2:58

PLAY “CHALLENGER SPACE SHUTTLE CRASH”2:04