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Center for Strategic Planning and Policy Studies
(formerly Center for Policy and Development Studies)
College of Public Affairs and Development
University of the Philippines Los Baños
College, Laguna 4031
Philippines
Telephone: (63-049) 536-3455
Fax: (63-049) 536-3637
Homepage: https://cpaf.uplb.edu.ph/
Working Paper No. 2017-10
CLIMATE-PROOFINGWATER GOVERNANCE – THE
ALBAY TRES QUINALE A WATERSHED EXPERIENCE
Dulce D. Elazegui, Chrislyn Joanna P. Faulmino, Edeliza P. Loremia,
and Antonio P. Payonga
ii
The CSPPS Working Paper series reports the results of studies by the Center
researchers and CPAf faculty, staff and students, which have not been reviewed. These
are circulated for the purpose of soliciting comments and suggestions.
The views expressed in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily
reflect those of CSPPS, the agency with which the authors are affiliated, and the funding
agencies, if applicable.
This publication is an output of the project entitled “Water Security under Climate
Risks: A Philippine Climate Change Adaptation Strategy for the Agriculture Sector” of
the University of the Philippines Los Banos Foundation, Inc. (UPLBFI). The project is
made possible by the generous support of the American People through the United States
Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents of this publication are the
responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the
United States Government.
Please send your comments to:
The Director Center for Strategic Planning & Policy Studies (formerly CPDS)
College of Public Affairs and Development
University of the Philippines Los Baños
College, Laguna 4031
Philippines
Email: mmpaunlagui@up.edu.ph
iii
ABSTRACT
Due to multi-sectoral and geographic impacts of changing climate, climate risk
management should be seen from the context of watersheds. Watershed governance is a
multi-sectoral process that should address the varying interests of a wide range of
stakeholders while at the same time taking into account the sustainability of the resource.
This necessitates an understanding of how various stakeholders decide and act as they
usually respond to risks based on their perspective and interests. This paper illustrates this
point using the case of the Albay Tres Quinale A watershed. Using the institutional
analysis framework and problem/solution tree analysis, it identifies the actors from the
national to local levels involved in water governance, raises some issues related to water
governance within the watershed and surrounding areas; and response strategies from a
particular institutional standpoint. Findings affirm that the problems and corresponding
solutions cannot be singly handled by an institution as problems are compounded by
inefficiency of facilities not only due to effects of climate hazards but also because of
lack of institutional coordination. Sharing and exchange of information among
stakeholders and use of science-based decision support tools are therefore encouraged to
improve watershed governance in the Quinale A watershed.
Key words: transboundary governance, watershed-based resource management,
institutional coordination
iv
Table of Contents
Page
I. Introduction 1
II. The Quinale A Watershed 1
2.1. Profile 1
2.2. Climate Hazards, Risks and Impacts 2
III. The Institutional Landscape in the Watershed 3
3.1. National Level 4
3.2. Watershed Level 5
IV. Governance Issues and Recommendations 7
V. Conclusion and Recommendations 10
VI. Epilogue 11
VII. References 11
Appendix 12
List of Table
Page
Table 1. Composition of the ATQAWMC 6
List of Figures
Page
Figure 1. Quinale “A” Watershed, Bicol Region 2
Figure 2. Essential functions of agencies involved in watershed management 4
Figure 3. Results of Problem/solution tree analysis, Roundtable discussion on
Quinale A watershed.
7
Figure 4. Results of Problem/solution tree analysis, Roundtable discussion on
Quinale A watershed.
8
Figure 5. Portions of the proposed resolution for the addition of NIA and the
Federation of IAs to the Executive Council of the ATQAWMC
10
Appendix
Page
Appendix 1. Institutions involved in water resources and climate risk
management from national to local level.
12
1
CLIMATE-PROOFINGWATER GOVERNANCE – THE ALBAY TRES
QUINALE A WATERSHED EXPERIENCE
Dulce D. Elazegui, Chrislyn Joanna P. Faulmino, Edeliza P. Loremia,
and Antonio P. Payonga
I. Introduction
Due to multi-sectoral and geographic impacts of changing climate, climate risk
management should be seen from the context of watersheds. Governance and institutions
play a crucial role (Ostrom 2008; Haasnoot et al. 2013). The different stakeholders need
to coordinate for an integrated planning, implementing, evaluating and continually
improving plans and programs. This would first need an understanding of how various
stakeholders decide and act as they usually respond to risks based on their perspective
and interests.
This paper illustrates this point using the case of the Albay Tres Quinale A
watershed in the Bicol River Basin in the Southern Luzon region in the Philippines. The
River Basin represents characteristics of marginal areas in developing countries that are
highly vulnerable to climate risks, e.g., extensive flooding due to tropical cyclones and
storm surges and accelerated sedimentation in low-lying areas (Tuddao 2012).
The institutional analysis framework (IRI, 2005), a problem-oriented research
approach that enabled climate and social scientists to work with local stakeholders to
address specific problems in the Quinale A Watershed was used. It identifies the actors
from the national to local levels involved in water governance. Using the
problem/solution tree analysis, it raises some issues related to water governance within
the watershed and surrounding areas; and response strategies from a particular
institutional standpoint.
Discussion is based on information gathered from representatives of national to
local institutions in the Bicol region involved in agriculture water resource management.
They were invited to roundtable discussions, workshops, and personal interviews
conducted by the project staff. Reviews of various official reports and literature also
supplemented the analysis.
II. The Quinale A Watershed
2.1. Profile
Quinale A watershed is one of the eight sub-watersheds within the Bicol River
Basin, covering 24% of the entire basin. It covers six LGUs of the Albay province -
Camalig, Guinobatan, Polangui, Ligao City, Oas and Libon; and three LGUs in Buhi,
Bato and Iriga City in the province of Camarines Sur (Figure1). The watershed area
2
within Albay is around 78,878 ha and within Camarines Sur is 5,894 ha. The population
is 370,691 persons or 74,613 households as of 2007 census (Sa-ong 2012).
Figure 1. Quinale “A” Watershed, Bicol Region (Map generated by: Jonathan T.
Macuroy)
Within the watershed are the Mt. Mayon Volcano Natural Park (MMVNP), Mt.
Masaraga Watershed Forest Reserve (MMWFR) covering around 800 ha protected area,
and Mt. Malinao geothermal reservation. The watershed provides various agri-economic
development opportunities from crops, livestock to fisheries and other uses. The
relatively flat area is approximately 33,428 ha generally used for settlements and
agriculture.It covers an area of 15,241 ha for rice benefitting 12,548 farm families. The
lowland ecosystem of the Quinale A sub-watershed is a major rice producing zone with
78% of the total area irrigated lowland; 15% rainfed; and 7% irrigated upland. About
80% of water from the Quinale River is utilized for rice production only (Sa-ong 2012).
2.2. Climate Hazards, Risks and Impacts
Albay province is highly exposed to climate-related hazards such as typhoon and
flooding. But it is also prone to other natural hazards such as volcanic eruption,
earthquake, soil erosion, lahar and mudflows. These hazards could disrupt Albay’s effort
to improve its rice self- sufficiency rating.
3
Most of the production areas cannot maximize cropping intensity because of
flooding and related climate hazards. Economic activities within the watershed have
resulted in soil erosion and flash floods during heavy rains affecting agriculture and
settlements in the lowlands. Flooding usually occur from June to December wherein 60-
70% of rainfall is concentrated. Around 50% of the area is susceptible to soil erosion and
24% to flooding (Sa-ong 2012).
Furthermore, the eruptions from Mayon Volcano have caused heavy
sedimentation in river channels. The Quinale River tributaries have transported most of
the sediments at the two main natural lakes, Bato and Baao, midway along the Bicol
River. This has reduced the flood carrying capacity of rivers and water storage of the
lakes, that serve as catch basin of flood waters from Albay. This affects the outlying areas
down to the Bicol plains and San Miguel Bay in Camarines Sur.
On the other extreme, dry spell limits the water supply for irrigation coming from
the river’s runoff causing low farm productivity and low income. Based on reports from
the Department of Agriculture (DA), drought could reduce rice yield by 40% during
seeding stage, and 60% during reproductive stage. This happened before when Bicol
experienced severe El Niño in 1996 and March-June 2010. With reduced rice production
by farmers, collection of irrigation service fee from farmers becomes difficult, affecting
not only the irrigators’ association but also the National Irrigation Administration (NIA).
Conditions of water scarcity poses both management and technology-related problems to
the stakeholders. In effect, this puts Bicol as one of the most vulnerable areas in the
country.
III. The Institutional Landscape in the Watershed
Policy pronouncements mandate national and local government units (LGUs) to
address climate change and water/watershed management (Appendix 1). The national
government administratively covers the regions. Local governments span three
administrative levels: provinces which are composed of municipalities, which are further
subdivided into barangays. Considering the wide range of concerns or the multi-sectoral
aspect of watershed (including water) management, several agencies have come to have
similar functions or overlapping jurisdiction on water and watershed management (Figure
2).
4
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DEN
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WR
B
DEN
R-E
MB
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A
DEN
R-R
BC
O
DA
DA
-NIA
DA
-BFA
R
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-BSW
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DO
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NPC
DO
H
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Hydro
pow
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MW
SS
LW
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LD
A
Pro
vin
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U
Munic
ipal
LG
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Bar
anga
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Irri
gato
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ssocia
tions
Planning
Construction/Maintenance
of facilities
Irrigation
Flood control projects
Hydropower plant
Allocation of water
Distribution of water
Monitoring and
enforcement of water
quality
Preparation against water
disasters
Conflict Resolution
Protection of ecosystems
Coordination
Function/Responsibilities
National Local
Agencies/Actors with mandates
Figure 2. Essential functions of agencies involved in watershed management
3.1. National Level
The Philippines has the Water Code passed in 1976 designating the National
Water Resources Board (NWRB) as the government entity to exercise control and
regulatory powers on the utilization, exploitation, development, conservation and
protection of water resources. Apparently, other agencies have similar functions.
The most recent policy milestones in the Philippines are Republic Act (RA) No.
9729 – the Climate Change (CC) Act of 2009, and RA No. 10121 – the Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management (DRRM) Act of 2010. These created the Climate Change
Commission and the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
(NDRRMO), respectively, both with multi-sectoral composition. The CC framework
concerns mitigation of greenhouse gas emission and climate change adaptation strategies,
while the DRRM framework hinges on disaster prevention and mitigation, preparedness,
response, and rehabilitation and recovery. Both policies espouse CC and DRRM
mainstreaming into national and local planning and decision making processes. On
February 8, 2011, the NDRRMO and the Climate Change Commission forged a
Memorandum of Understanding for integrated DRR and CCA approach.
5
3.2. Watershed Level
The national government has also adopted the river basin framework for
Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). The River Basin Control Office
(RCBO) under the DENR was created as the lead agency for the integrated planning,
development and management of the Philippines’ river basins.
The Cabinet Cluster on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation, chaired by
the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Secretary, adopted
Resolution No. 2012-001 “Adopting the 18 Major River Basins in the Country as Priority
Areas for Government Interventions” in May 2012. The Bicol River Basin is one of the
priority basins for environmental risk assessment and vulnerability study for the crafting
of watershed management plan (RBCO 2012).
The Regional Development Council (RDC) also has a special committee on
watershed management to resolve issues concerning the watershed. RDC reviews and
endorses the regional budget proposals of government agencies to the national
government. In the Bicol Region, all governors, heads of various agencies, and mayors of
municipalities/cities are members of the RDC.
The RDC-Bicol created the Bicol River Basin Management Committee
(BRBMC). The Committee members include the Governors of Albay, Camarines Sur and
Camarines Norte, head of PAGASA and of other government regional offices. The
functions of the BRBMC include the formulation of strategic management plan
incorporating DRRM and CC adaptation. The Bicol River Basin Program Coordinating
Office (BRBPCO) of DENR and its Technical Working Group provide technical and
administrative support to the BRBMC.
The Bicol River Basin plan also encourages the formation of sub-watershed
management councils. One concrete example is the Albay Tres Quinale A Watershed
Management Council (ATQAWMC). It was formerly named the Provincial Integrated
Ecosystems Management Working Group (PIEMWG) organized for the preparation of an
Integrated Ecosystems Management (IEM) Action Plan. The ATQAWMC is constituted
by an Executive Committee and a Technical Working Group and Secretariat by DENR-
BRBCPO (Table 1).
6
Table 1. Composition of the ATQAWMC
Executive Committee (14 members) Technical Working Group (22 members)
Chair: Governor, Province of Albay Chair: Regional Technical Director/Regional
Focal Person (RFP) for IEM, DENR 5
Co-chair: Regional Executive Director,
DENR V
Co-chair: Consultant for Feasibility Study
Preparation/IEM Specialist, Provincial
Planning and Development Officer (PPDO)
Members: Members:
Chair, Committee on Environment,
Sangguniang Panlalawigan ng Albay
(SPA)
Provincial Environment and Natural
Resources Officer (PENRO)-Albay
Mayors of Libon, Polangui, Oas, Ligao,
Guinobatan and Camalig
City Environment and Natural Resources
Officer (CENRO) – Legazpi City, Albay
Provincial Planning and Development
Coordinator, Provincial Planning and
Development Office (PPDO) – Albay
Provincial Agriculture Services - Albay
Regional Focal Person for Integrated
Ecosystem Management (IEM),
Department of Environment and Natural
Resources 5 (DENR 5)
MPDC/MAO/MENRO - Polangui, Libon,
Oas, Ligao City, Guinobatan and Camalig
Regional Executive Directors of NEDA
5, DARFO 5, DPWH 5 and PNP-Albay
Assistant RFP for Albay Tres Quinali A
Watershed Management Project (ATQWMP),
DENR V
President, Bicol University Provincial Manager, Philippine Coconut
Authority 5
Provincial Director, DILG Albay
Provincial Irrigation Officer, NIA Albay
Resident Volcanologist, Philippine Institute of
Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)-
Mayon
Park Superintendents of Mesaverde National
Park (MVNP) and Mount Masaraga
Watershed Forest Reserve (MMWFR)
Head, Environment and Natural Resources
Office (ENRO)
Coordinator, Agri-Rehab Office
7
Representatives from PPDO-Albay, NEDA
5, Fiber Industry Development Authority
(FIDA) 5 and DARFO 5
Source: Executive Order No. 2011-03
The Execom reviews and adopts policies, guidelines, plans and programs for the
integrated management, development, protection and rehabilitation of the watershed and
programs recommended by the Technical Working Group (TWG).
The RDC approved the endorsement of the Quinale A IEM Action Planto DENR,
DPWH, DA and NIA for funding in its Resolution No. 31 (series of 2012). One major
component therein is the irrigation facility development and improvement. Another is the
flood control and hazard mitigation component which includes the Quinale Talisay
diversion channel; and Quinale-Talisay rivers flood embankment (Sa-ong 2012).
In 2015, the RDC approved the Integrated Management and Development Master
Plan for the whole Bicol River Basin. It also includes a component on the ‘Irrigation
Facility Development and Improvement to Support Quinale A Rice Production Areas
with NIA on the forefront.
IV. Governance Issues and Recommendations
Figure 4. Results of Problem/solution tree analysis, Roundtable discussion on Quinale A
watershed.
Figure 3. Results of Problem/solution tree analysis, Roundtable discussion on Quinale A
watershed.
8
BAWP conducted roundtable discussions with institutions involved in water and
watershed governance of Quinale A. Adopting the problem/solution tree analysis, the
discussion pointed to interconnected problems of different agencies (Figure 3 and 4).
Physical, technology, socio-economic, and institutional factors influence water
and watershed governance. This consequently had impact on vulnerabilities of the
watershed areas to recurrent natural hazards, particularly flood and dry spell/drought.
Lack of or access to technologies such as drought-resistant, submergence tolerant
and, pest/disease resistant varieties; and infrastructure such as irrigation facilities has
made agriculture more vulnerable to climate-related risks. Damage to irrigation facilities
due to floods, and the absence of protection dikes and drainage system have aggravated
the situation.
Sedimentation of the river system due to deforestation and poor agricultural
practices in the catchment area was a major concern. Inadequate knowledge of climate-
related information and associated risks constrain decision making to prepare for climate-
related hazards. Moreover, lack of coordinated and integrated planning and management,
and consequently provision of services and facilities, also contributes to the vulnerability
of water and agricultural sectors.
The problems and corresponding solutions cannot be singly handled by an
institution. The interconnected watershed functions would require representation of
various agencies in the problem-solving or decision-making process. For example, in
coping with dry spell or drought, key decisions to agricultural planners include planning
(adjusting) cropping calendar and provision of appropriate technologies. Key decisions
concerning water management to cope with dry spells include making water available to
9
farmers, i.e., intermittent irrigation in rice farms. The decision to make water available
during dry spell involves NIA and irrigators’ associations (IAs) providing advice on
water distribution; LGU and DA on conflict resolution among farmers and water users.
Farmers merely implement water distribution plan/scheme and maintain the irrigation
canals. As the farmers/IAs are the ones affected with the decision, they should be
involved in the decision process.
On the other hand, flooding problems call for adoption of submergence-tolerant
varieties. This concerns the Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) that develops
and distributes submergence varieties; DA that provides the technical assistance,
community seed banking and technology demonstration; LGUs and their Agricultural
Extension Workers (AEWs) who disseminate the technology; and the farmers who decide
to adopt or reject the technology. Farmers need help from LGU-DA in the form of
cash/credit, and security of land tenure. PhilRice also decides on the availability of the
seed before the start of the wet season but this also depends on the national government’s
prioritization.
Also with regard to flooding, the Water Code authorizes DPWH to declare flood
control areas under the major rivers and promulgate guidelines for governing floodplain
management plans in these areas. All DPWH projects in turn have to be endorsed by the
RDC (Infrastructure Committee). Project proposals are submitted to NEDA Region 5,
which can approve projects up to PhP150M budget. Otherwise, NEDA Central Office
serves as the approving authority. Being a member of the RDC, DPWH’s role is to
mitigate flooding to protect not only the residents but also the farmlands. When there is
flooding, sedimentation and erosion affect rice production. DPWH also collaborates with
DENR for environmental compliance certification in its projects. It also gets involved in
small water impounding projects (SWIP) upon DA’s request for supervision of
construction. DPWH likewise collaborates with NIA in building dams. Based on the
IEM Plan for the ATQWMP (Sa-ong 2012), planning and design criteria for flood control
structures shall be based on DPWH standard.
The issues in irrigation concern both management and technical aspects. (e.g.,
rehabilitation and development of systems). NIA and IA Federation as additional
members of the ATQAWMC could represent the interests of the irrigation sector and the
farmers and provide inputs in planning, design and implementation of irrigation projects
and thus avoid conflicts.
10
Figure 5. Portions of the proposed resolution for the addition of NIA and the Federation
of IAs to the Executive Council of the ATQAWMC
V. Conclusion and Recommendations
Watershed governance is a multi-sectoral process that should address the varying
interests of a wide range of stakeholders while at the same time taking into account the
sustainability of the resource. Pressures from human and development activities have
posed challenges in governing the watershed. The challenge becomes greater when
decisions deal with risks posed by changing climate on water, a very precious resource to
all sectors of society.
The presence of an integrated watershed management plan for the entire Bicol
River Basin particularly for Quinale A watershed provides an opportunity for
participatory watershed governance. Involvement of various agencies in the ATQAWMC
assures that interests of their respective sectors will be considered in the decision process.
However, representation of irrigation institutions, given the irrigation component in the
watershed plan, should be considered to address water for agriculture. Inclusion of NIA
and confederation of irrigators’ associations to the ATQAWMC would be a step towards
this.
Decision making for water governance on a watershed scale also needs sharing
and exchange of information among stakeholders. This will improve awareness and
11
understanding of the concerns of each sector and promote harmony for a better informed
decision process.
Moreover, use of science-based decision support tools should be encouraged in
watershed governance. This requires linkage with academic or research institutions for
technical assistance and capacity building. Agricultural modeling tools such as the
CAMDT will be useful in making decisions on appropriate technologies (e.g., specific
crop variety); when (e.g., cropping schedule) and how much (area) to plant given a
seasonal climate forecast (Ines 2013).
Lastly, due to the severe transboundary impact of mud and debris flow on the
river systems, there should be a piece of legislation to institutionalize the monitoring of
mud and debris flow and corresponding warning system.
VI. Epilogue
In a recent discussion among BAWP and the TWG members of the ATQAWMC,
the representative of the Provincial Government of Albay announced the renaming of the
ATQAWMC to Albay Biosphere Management Council (ABMC). The Provincial
Governor issued an Executive Order to this effect to expand the coverage of the
ATQAWM program to the entire province of Albay but still adhering to watershed
management principles. This will consequently require expansion of the Council and the
TWG membership. In the process of re(organization), BAWP continued to advocate for
the representation of the irrigation sector in the new Council. It has formally
recommended to the Provincial Government the inclusion of the National Irrigation
Administration-Provincial Irrigation Management Office (NIA-PIMO) of Albay and the
Albay Federation of Irrigators Association (AFIA) in the ABMC. BAWP will also
explore on how irrigators associations could be appropriately represented in the TWG(s)
to be created.
VII. References
Act of 2009, and RA No. 10121
Haasnoot, Marjolijn, Kwakkel H., Jan, Walker, Warren E.,Maat, Judith ter. 2013.
Dynamic adaptive policy pathways: A method for crafting robust decisions for a
deeply uncertain world. Global Environmental Change 23, 485-498.
International Research Institute for Climate and Society. 2005. A Note on Institutional
and Policy Landscaping at project demonstration sites.
Ostrom, Elinor. 2008. Institutions and the Environment. In Economic Affairs, Sept. 2008
pp. 24-31.
12
River Basin Control Office (RBCO). 2012. Plans and Programs of River Basin Control
Office
Relative to Water Resources Management and River Basin Management,
Powerpoint presentation.
Sa-ong, Geoffrey E. 2012. Albay Tres Quinale A Watershed Management Project –
Integrated Ecosystems Management Plan with feasibility Study (2012-2023),
Volume II Main Report, DENR Region 5, September 2012.
Tuddao, Vicente B., Jr. 2012. Creating A Common Action - The Bicol River Basin: A
Situationer, Powerpoint presentation at the Bicol River Basin Collaboration
Workshop, July 5, 2012, Legazpi City, Albay
Appendix 1. Institutions involved in water resources and climate risk management from
national to local level
Agency/Institution Acronym Enabling Policy/Mandate
National level
National Water
Resources Board
NWRB Presidential Decree (PD) No. 1067 (Water Code of
1976)
Serves as regulatory and executive authority on
water allocation - policy formulation and
coordination, water resource regulation, and
economic regulation
Climate Change
Commission
CCC Republic Act (RA) No. 9729 (Climate Change Act of
2009)
Serves as policy-making body of the government
which shall be tasked to coordinate, monitor and
evaluate the programs and action plans of the
government relating to climate change
National Disaster
Risk Reduction and
Management
Council
NDRRMC RA No. 10121 (National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Act of 2010)
Performs policy making, coordination, integration,
supervision, monitoring and evaluation functions
for comprehensive, all-hazards, multi-sectoral,
inter-agency and community-based approach to
DRRM
National
Commission on
Indigenous Peoples
NCIP Republic Act No. 8371 (IPRA of 1997)
Grants IPs/ICC rights to (own, develop, control,
use, and protect) ancestral domains
Regional
Department of
Agriculture
DA-RFU 5 RA No. 8435 - AFMA of 1997
Tasked to formulate and develop a plan for the
13
Regional Field Unit promotion of a private sector-led development of
minor irrigation systems, such as STWs and other
inundation systems
Bureau of Soils and
Water Management
BSWM Executive Order (EO) No. 116 of 1987
Designs, prepares and implements Small Scale
Irrigation Projects with the LGUs and RFUs of
DA; and formulates measures and guidelines for
effective soil, land and water resources utilization
National Irrigation
Administration
NIA RA No. 3601 of 1974 - An Act creating the National
Irrigation Administration; PD No. 552
Implements the plans, programs, and policies of
the Agency in the region; oversees the Irrigation
Management Offices
Department of
Environment and
Natural Resources
DENR EO No. 192 of 1987
Performs conservation, management, development
and proper use of the country’s environment and
natural resources
Environmental
Management
Bureau
EMB DENR Administrative Order (AO) No. 2013-16
Implements policy on Water Quality Management
Area, environmental management, conservation
and pollution control
River Basin
Coordinating Office
RBCO EO No. 510 (2006)/ EO No. 816 (2009)
Performs integrated planning, development and
management of the country’s river basins
Regional Disaster
Risk Reduction and
Management
Council
RDRRMC RA10121 - DRRM Act
Tasked to coordinate, integrate, supervise and
evaluate Local DRRMCs; ensure disaster-sensitive
regional development plans
National Power
Corporation
NPC EO No. 224 (1987)
Maintains complete control and jurisdiction of
Buhi-Barit Watershed
RA No. 9136 (Electric Power Industry Reform Act of
2001)
Administers the environmental charge of PhP
0.0025 per kWh salesintended solely for the
rehabilitation and management of watersheds
Philippine
Atmospheric,
Geophysical and
PAGASA PD No. 78 (Atmospheric, Geophysical and
Astronomical Science Act of 1972)
Observes and reports the weather of the Philippines
14
Astronomical
Services
Administration
and specified adjacent areas, issues forecasts and
warnings of weather and flood conditions affecting
national safety, welfare and economy
Regional
Development
Council
RDC EO No. 308 of 1987
Sets directions of economic and social
development of the region
Department of
Public Works and
Highways
DPWH EO No. 124 of 1987
Plans, designs, constructs, and maintains
infrastructure, flood control and water resources
development system
Watershed level
Bicol River Basin
Program
Coordinating Office
BRBDO DENR Special Order (2012)
Coordinates and plans with the relevant line
agencies and LGUs to ensure proper operation and
maintenance of the hydraulic infrastructure and
early warning system in Bicol River Basin
Albay Tres Quinale
A Watershed
Management
Council
ATQAWM
C
EO No. 2010-16
Corresponds with DENR and other national
agencies re- Quinale IEM Watershed Project,
action and strategic planning for IEM framework
Provinciallevel
Provincial
Government Unit -
Office of the
Provincial
Agriculturist
OPAg RA No. 7160 (Local Government Code of 1991)
Ensures provision of basic services and facilities
including irrigation system, water and soil resource
utilization and conservation projects such as
communal irrigation, small water impounding and
other similar projects
Provincial
Environment and
Natural Resource
Office
PENRO RA No. 7160 (Local Government Code of 1991)
Ensures delivery of basic services and provision of
adequate facilities related to Environment and
natural resource services in the province
NIA Provincial
Irrigation
Management Office
NIA-PIMO RA No. 3601 of 1974
Responsible for the construction and rehabilitation
of irrigation projects and systems in one or a
cluster of provinces
Provincial Disaster
Risk Reduction and
Management Office
(PDRRMO) RA No. 10121 DRRM Act
Sets the direction, develops, implements, and
coordinates DRRM programs in the province
Inter-municipal
Irrigators’ IAs Republic Act No. 8435 of the Agriculture and
15
Associations/Federa
tion
Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) of 1997
Takes over NIA in the operation and maintenance
of the National Irrigation System's secondary
canals and on-farm facilities
Municipal level
Municipal
Government Unit-
Office of the
Municipal
Agriculturist
OMAg RA 7160 (Local Government Code of 1991)
Provides basic services and facilities that include
irrigation system and water and soil resource
utilization and conservation projects such as
communal irrigation, small water impounding and
other similar projects
Republic Act No. 8550 (Fisheries Code of 1998)
10% of the area of all lakes and rivers shall be
allotted for aquaculture purposes (e.g., fish pens,
fish cages and fish traps)
City/Municipal
Environment and
Natural Resource
Office
CENRO/M
ENRO
RA No. 7160 (Local Government Code of 1991)
Ensures delivery of basic services and provision of
adequate facilities related to Environment and
natural resource services in the city/municipality
City/Municipal
DRRM Office
C/MDRRM
O
RA10121 DRRM Act
Sets the direction, develops, implements, and
coordinates DRRM programs in the municipality
Fisheries and
Aquatic Resources
Management
Council
FARMC Fisheries Code of 1998
Suggests policy directions and recommends to
government bodies such as LGUs, DA
Irrigators’
Associations
IAs Republic Act No. 8435 of the Agriculture and
Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) of 1997
Tasked to take over NIA in the operation and
maintenance of the National Irrigation System's
secondary canals and on-farm facilities
Barangay level
Barangay unit RA No. 7160 (Local Government Code of 1991)
Irrigators’
Association
IA Republic Act No. 8435 of the Agriculture and
Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) of 1997
NIA is mandated to gradually turn over operation
and maintenance of the National Irrigation
System's secondary canals and on-farm facilities to
Irrigators' Associations
16
Private
People’s Energy
Systems Inc.
PESI Electric Power Industry Reform Act (EPIRA) of
2004 (RA No. 9136
Provides for the privatization of 70% of the total
capacity of generating assets of NPC in Luzon and
Visayas
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