climate change and gender saadullah ayaz
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Climate Change and Gender-
Experiences of IUCN
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Saadullah Ayaz
IUCN Pakistan
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Pakistan
ABOUT IUCN
IUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources is the world’s
oldest and largest global environmental network
A democratic membership union with more than 1,000 government and NGO member
organizations, and almost 11,000 volunteer scientists in more than 160 countries worldwide
IUCN helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and
development challenges.
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
development challenges.
Supports scientific research, manages field projects all over the world and brings
governments, non-government organizations, United Nations agencies, companies and local
communities together to develop and implement policy, laws and best practice
Status of an ‘Observer’ in UN General Assembly
IUCN’s HeadquartersGland, Switzerland
WHAT DOES IUCN DO?
Knowledge: IUCN develops and supports cutting edge conservation science, particularly in species, ecosystems, biodiversity, and the impact these have on human livelihoods
Action: IUCN runs thousands of field projects around the world to better manage natural environments
Influence: IUCN supports governments, NGOs, international conventions, UN organizations, companies and communities to develop laws, policy and best-practice
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
to develop laws, policy and best-practice
Empowerment: IUCN helps implement laws, policy and best-practice by mobilizing organizations, providing resources, training people and monitoring results
IUCN- A GLOBAL UNION
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Headquarters in Gland, Switzerland
THE DRIVING FORCE
IUCN’s VISION
A just world that values and
conserves nature
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
IUCN’s Mission
Influence, encourage and assist
societies to conserve the integrity and
diversity of nature and ensure any use
of natural resources is equitable and
ecologically sustainable
OUR STRUCTURE
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
IUCN’s VALUE PROPOSITION
Building new
Establishing a common standard for
Imp
ac
t
Knowledge GovernanceEmpowerment
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Reach
Research and data for sustainable
resource management
Applying, and in some cases tailoring,
knowledge to a specific situation
and/or the needs of partners at any level
Building new approaches and a
constituency that can maintain, promote
and extend the application of sustainability
standard for approaches, services
and products that allow for scaling-up,
adaptation and quality control
Imp
ac
t
CORE PROGRAMME AREAS
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
IUCN IN PAKISTAN
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
A long term commitment since 1985
Several offices, around 112 staff
largest Country Programme of the Union in the World
MEMBERS IN PAKISTAN – 29
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
�Gilgit-Baltistan Administration
�Pak Env. Protection Found
�Government of Balochistan
Sarhad Office at Peshawar
•FATA Environment Cell
Islamabad Office
• Programme Coordination
• Constituency
• NIAP
• Murree Biodiversity Park
• ESMA
• EFR
• PSDS
• ADB-TPM
• CC-TAP/Road to CPN
BPSD Qila Saifullah Office
MBP Murree Office
OFFICES AND WORK
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Balochistan Office at Quetta
• BPSD
Country Office at Karachi
• Coastal Ecosystem
• Sindh Coastal project
• Business & Biodiversity
• Comm. & Outreach
• Water Programme
• Finance
• HR
• Admin
• CC-TAP/Road to CPN
• Clean Air Initiative
• CKMPJuniper Ziarat Office
BPSD Gwadar Office
BPSD Lasbela Office
IUCN Pakistan is seen as an effective agent for;
• Mainstreaming environment into policy-making, periodic reviews
• Building partnerships and encouraging dialogue with stakeholder
• Encouraging donor agencies to provide flexible but focused grants for the
development of the environment sector in Pakistan
IUCN IN PAKISTAN
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
• Encouraging and supporting environmental impact assessments of all new
development projects and policies
• Awareness and advocacy
• Enhancing capacity of its member organizations and government institutions in
sustainable development
• Demonstrating/piloting in remote areas to provide replicable models for
communities and member organizations
CLIMATE CHANGE AND GENDER
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
GENDER BALANCED APPROACH
…..Should not simply be about women.
Men and boys are also vulnerable to the
impacts of climate change, but often in
different ways, and these need to be
identified and communicated
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Furthermore, women and girls are involved in
relationships with men and boys and it is at
the level of these gender relations and the
social expectations influencing them that
research needs to be conducted and change
needs to happen.” (Bridge, 2008)
WOMEN AT RISK
Climate change is not gender neutral
Climate change impacts will be differently distributed
among different regions, generations, age classes,
income groups, occupations and genders
The poor (of which 70% are women) will be
disproportionately affected. Women are also
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
disproportionately affected. Women are also
powerful agents of change by playing a key role in
energy consumption, deforestation, burning of
vegetation, population growth and economic growth
Gender Concerns and Ethics
– Principle of Individual Liberty
– Utilitarian Principle
– Principle of Justice
KEY FACTS
Women are the main producers of the world‘s staple crops, providing up to 90%
of food for the rural poor and producing 60–80% of the food in most developing
countries
Women already struggle to cope with year-to-year variability of maize, sorghum,
millet and groundnut yields associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation.
Crop productivity in extreme El Niño years is expected to drop a further 20–50%
in southern
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
in southern
Africa
Women are already more vulnerable to nutritional problems. 50% of the women
and children in developing countries are anaemic
Climate variability plays an important role in initiating malaria epidemics in the East
African highlands and accounts for 70% of variation of recent cholera outbreaks in
Bangladesh. This increase has more severe impacts on women who often have
less access to medical services than men. Women’s workloads also increase as
they spend time caring for the sick
There is decisive evidence that gender differences in deaths from natural disasters
KEY FACTS (contd.)
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
There is decisive evidence that gender differences in deaths from natural disasters
are directly linked to women’s economic and social rights. In societies that are more
inequitable, men are likely to receive preferential treatment in rescue efforts and
women are likely to suffer more from shortages of food andother resources in the
aftermath of disasters
Many key decision-making institutions related to climate
change have a male-dominated hierarchical structure
Women’s empowerment is now being linked to climate change
solutions
KEY FACTS (contd.)
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Climate
Change
CROP FAILURE
FUEL SHORTAGE
SHORTAGE OF SAFE,
CLEAN WATER
RESOURCE SCARCITY
Impacts on women
Household food provision;
Increased agricultural work
Household fuel provision;
food-fuel conflicts
Household water provision;
exposure to contaminated sources
Economic drawbacks; lack of land
tenure; resource-dependent
livelihoods; school dropouts, early
IMPACTS ON WOMEN
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
NATURAL DISASTERS
DISEASE
DISPLACE-MENT
CIVIL WAR / CONFLICT
livelihoods; school dropouts, early
marriage
Greater incidence of mortality;
reduction of life expectancy
Lack of access to healthcare;
increased burden of caring for
young, sick and elderly
Loss of livelihoods; lack of adequate
shelter; conflicts
Loss of livelihoods and lives; sexual
violence and trauma
Adopted from WEDO (2008)
GLOBAL CONCERNS
Every major global agreement now includes a gender component:
1. United Nations Charter (1945)
2. Universal Declaration on Human Rights (1948)
3. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) (1979)
4. Convention on Biodiversity (1992)
5. Chapter 24 of Agenda 21 (UNCED 1992)
6. World Conference on Human Rights (1993)
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
6. World Conference on Human Rights (1993)
7. International Conference on Population and Development (1994)
8. Convention to Combat Desertification (1994)
9. World Summit for Social Development (1995)
10. Beijing Platform for Action (1995)
11. Millennium Declaration (2000)
12. Johannesburg Plan of Action (2002)
13. Hyogo Framework for Action (2005)
14. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change/Kyoto Protocol (1992)- Exception!!
GENDER AT IUCN
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
IUCN’s DEFINITION OF GENDER
IUCN understands that gender refers to the attributes and opportunities associated
with being male and female and the socio-cultural relationships
In most societies there are differences and inequalities between women and men in
activities undertaken, access to and control over resources as well as decision
making opportunities
Gender is part of the broader socio-cultural context which also takes into
consideration factors such as class, race, economic status, ethnic group and age
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
consideration factors such as class, race, economic status, ethnic group and age
IUCN understands that adopting a gender perspective means focusing on both
women and men and their relationships with each other and natural resources
IUCN further understands that mainstreaming gender means creating an enabling
working environment that in turn attracts and helps to retain gender sensitive staff
http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gender/
IUCN' S GENDER POLICY STATEMENT(Adopted in April 1998)
Submitted to the 48th meeting of the IUCN Council 27-29 April 1998 and was endorsed with
subsequent modifications
Calls for the promotion of equity and equality as a crucial factor for environmental
sustainability and an integral part of all conservation efforts. It presents the goals of equity
and equality in the context of IUCN's overall mission and provides a brief conceptual
framework and the rationale for the consideration of equality issues
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Calls for an effective mainstreaming strategy to integrate a gender perspective in a broad
socio-cultural context, into IUCN's Policies, Programmes and Projects
cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/gender_policy.pdf
MAINSTREAMING GENDER
IN IUCN’s WORK
IUCN realizes that gender is one of the most important determinants of a wholesome and
meaningful development
IUCN realizes that fundamental objectives of any development programme cannot be
achieved without taking into account the role of gender and harmonizing gender relations
IUCN realizes that human development, that often precedes its material effects and
manifestations is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to actualize in the absence of gender
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
manifestations is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to actualize in the absence of gender
equity and justice
A long process of recognition of issues of gender, beginning in 1984 culminated in a
resolution to the 1996 World Conservation Congress. This resolution called for, among other
things, IUCN to “integrate gender perspectives across the IUCN Programme”
IUCN’s Gender Checklist and Guidelines (2006)
http://www.iucn.org/about/union/secretariat/offices/asia/asia_where_work/pakistan/publications/pubs
2006/pubs_gender_checklist.cfm
Training Manual on Gender and Climate Change
(http://generoyambiente.org/arcangel2/documentos/651_english.pdf )
Goal:
Answering the urgent demand expressed by the Parties to UNFCCC and other stakeholders
for a deeper understanding about the linkages between gender and climate change.
SUPPORT TO PARTNERS
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Scope:
- including the latest data and information on the
gender dimensions of climate change;
- offering participatory training methodologies for
trainers to foster successful trainings
in the topic at a national and/or regional levels.
CBD’s Gender Plan of Action
http://www.cbd.int/doc/meetings/cop/cop-09/information/cop-09-inf-12-rev1-en.doc
Defines the role that the CBD Convention Secretariat will play in stimulating and facilitating
efforts to overcome constraints and take advantage of opportunities to promote gender
equality
SUPPORT TO PARTNERS
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
It is also a reflection of the increasing awareness that gender equality and women’s
empowerment are important prerequisites for environmental conservation and sustainable
development
UNEP’s Gender Plan of Action
http://www.unep.ch/roe/gender/refdocs/Final%20POA%20for%20UNEP.pdf
The Plan of Action is a set of gender-equality criteria, gender sensitive strategies and
guidelines for implementation of programmes
SUPPORT TO PARTNERS
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Gender Equality within the REDD and REDD-plus framework (UNFCCC)
http://www.generoyambiente.org/arcangel2/documentos/500.pdf
Incorporation of gender considerations into the REDD and REDD-plus frameworks brings
about increased efficiency and sustainability as it contributes to women’s involvement and
commitment who are crucial players of local forest management
SUPPORT TO PARTNERS
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
IUCN Factsheet Linking Gender and Biodiversity http://www.generoyambiente.org/arcangel2/documentos/494.pdf
IUCN Factsheet Gender and Agricultural Biodiversity
http://www.generoyambiente.org/arcangel2/documentos/492.pdf
IUCN Factsheet Gender and National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans
(NBSAPs)
SUPPORT TO PARTNERS
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
(NBSAPs)
http://www.generoyambiente.org/arcangel2/documentos/490.pdf
IUCN Factsheet "Gender and Bioenergy"
http://www.generoyambiente.org/arcangel2/documentos/497.pdf
Putting Words into Action… Analysis of the Status of Gender Mainstreaming in the
Main Multilateral Environmental Agreements http://www.generoyambiente.org/arcangel2/documentos/488.pdf
IUCN Pakistan recognises gender equity as an integral element for conservation and
sustainable development and is committed to ensuring that gender is an inherent
factor in all its programmes and projects
Gender integration and sensitisation are important factors in its mandate
IUCN’s Human Resource Manual contains a specific Gender Policy (Annexe 1), that
aims at achieving a gender balance in staff
RELEVANT WORK IN PAKISTAN
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
The global IUCN Gender Policy adopted in 1998 has also been adopted in both
Pakistan and the region (Annexe 2). The Policy statement calls for:
the promotion of equity and equality as a crucial factor for environmental
sustainability and an integral part of all conservation efforts. It presents the
goals of equity and equality in the context of IUCN's overall mission and
provides a brief conceptual framework and the rationale for the consideration of
equality issues in environmental work
Prepared Gender Checklist and Guidelines (IUCN, 2004)
Environmental Rehabilitation in NWFP and Punjab (ERNP 1997-2003)
- Gender an integrated component
- Equal opportunities for managerial and technical skill building
- Equal opportunities for natural resource management
RELEVANT WORK IN PAKISTAN (contd.)
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Mountain Areas Conservation Programme (MACP 1999-2006)
- Mainstreaming in programme activities
- Equal opportunities for managerial and technical skill building
- Enhanced role in local governance
Programme Support Northern Pakistan (PSNP)
- Development of gender checklists and guidelines
- Gender sensitive monitoring with relevant indicators
- Gender sensitization of staff and partners
- Gender budgeting
RELEVANT WORK IN PAKISTAN (contd.)
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
- Special focus on women in model projects
- Specific programmes with women groups
Environmental Fiscal Reforms (EFR 2006-2010)
Gender considerations mainstreamed in project rationaleg
Gender-related aspects (environmental investments), considered in all policy/advocacy activities
Trainings and capacity building, management of resources
Balochistan Partnerships for Sustainable Development (BPSD 2007-2013)
- Gender equity as a key component, take affirmative action to involve
women in programme activities
- Measures to address existing gender disparities
- Integrated into District Development Visions (Lasbela, Pishin, Mastung and Quetta)
RELEVANT WORK IN PAKISTAN (contd.)
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
RELEVANT WORK IN PAKISTAN (contd.)
Women make up a large number of the poor in communities
in Quetta are disproportionately vulnerable to and affected
Poor women are more vulnerable because of socially
constructed gender roles and behaviors
Findings of Study on “Climate Change in District Quetta, Balochistan-
Implications and Recommendations” (Under publication, 2011)
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
constructed gender roles and behaviors
In Quetta, women’s informal rights to resources could
decrease or disappear as access to land natural resources
dwindle due to climate change
Gender discrimination in the allocation of resources,
including those relating to nutrition and medicines is putting
females at greater risk than male
Thanks
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Saadullah AyazCoordinator, Climate Change/Clean Air Initiative
IUCN Pakistan
Email: saad.ayaz@iucn.org
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