classification “you can’t tell the players without a program!” j.g. mexal agro/hort 100g
Post on 22-Dec-2015
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Working Definitions/Plant Sciences
• Botany : study of all plants
• Agronomy : study of field crops
• Horticulture : “garden culture”
• Other fields: Forestry / Range Science / Ecology / Physiology / Genetics / Pathology
Agronomy: Plants Studied
• “Field Crops”
• Examples:
Grains (corn, wheat, soybeans)
Forages (alfalfa, grasses)
Fibers (cotton, flax, linen)
• ‘Extensive’ agriculture– Greater emphasis on quantity
Horticulture: Plants Studied
• “Garden Culture”
• Examples:
Vegetables (chile, onions, lettuce, tomato)
Fruits (apples, strawberries, bananas)
Misc. (turf, Xmas trees, ornamentals)
• Greater emphasis on quality (size, color, shape)
Classification Hierarchy
• King– Phillip
• Cried– Oh!
» For
~ Goodness
¤ Sakes
• Kingdom– Phylum
• Class– Order
» Family
~ Genus
¤ Species
Classification
• Why do we do this?
• What do these plants have in common?– Alfalfa Lucerne– Bald cypress Arizona cypress– Western red cedar Eastern red cedar– Salt cedar Cedar of Lebanon
Classification
• Why do we do this?
• What do these plants have in common?– Alfalfa/ Lucerne both are Medicago sativa
– Bald cypress Arizona cypress– Taxodium distichum Cupressus arizonica
– Western red cedar Eastern red cedar– Thuja plicata Juniperus virginiana
– Salt cedar Cedar of Lebanon– Tamarix chinensis Cedrus lebani
Classification
• Kingdom = Plantae• Phylum = Gymnosperms (conifers)
Angiosperms (flowering plants)– Class = Monocots (grasses)
Dicots • Order = Solanales (groups of families)
– Family = Solanaceae (tomato family)» Genus / Species = Capsicum annuum (chile)» Cultivar = ‘NuMex Joe E. Parker’
Plant Classification
• Genus-- always italicized or underlined, e.g. Medicago or Medicago
• Species-- always italicized or underlined, e.g. sativa or sativa
• Variety or Cultivar-- placed in ‘’, e.g. ‘Mesilla’.
• Common name-- unreliable. Changes with locale, e.g. alfalfa and lucerne are different names for Medicago sativa. C. Linnaeus
1707-1778
Plant Classification/ Major Crops
Latin Name Common Name
Major Descriptor
Gymnospermae Conifers Naked Seed
Monocotyledonae Monocots 1 cotyledon
Dicotyledonae Dicots 2 cotylodons
Characteristics--Monocots & Dicots
Characteristic Monocot Dicot
Seed leaves 1 2 (rare 1,3,4)
Leaf venation Parallel Net pattern
Cambium Absent Present
Vascular bundles Scattered Arranged in ring
Flower parts 3’s 5’s, less often 4’s
Mature root system Fibrous Tap or fibrous
Growth habit Rarely woody ~1/2 woody
Classification--Major Plant Families
Family Number Of Species
Important crops
Poaceae 8,000 Corn, rice, turf grasses
Fabaceae 10,000 Beans, peas, alfalfa, soybeans
Rosaceae Rose, apple, strawberry, plum
Brassicaceae 3,000 Mustard, cole crops
Solanaceae Chile, tomato, potato
Asteraceae 20,000 Sunflower, lettuce, mums
Curcubitaceae Melons, gourds, squash
Amaryllidaceae Onions, garlic
Liliaceae 4,000 Lily
Malvaceae Cotton, hybiscus, okra
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