classification and phylogeny

Classification and Phylogeny

All these notes are in Chapter 46

Figure 26.3

Species:Panthera pardus

Genus:PantheraFamily:FelidaeOrder:Carnivora

Class:Mammalia

Phylum:Chordata

Domain:Bacteria

Kingdom:Animalia Domain:

ArchaeaDomain:Eukarya

Linneaus

• Carolus Linneaus (1707-1778) is the father of modern taxonomy. He conceived of giving each organism a unique scientific name bases on its classification.

• Binomial nomenclature• Linneaus was a classifying savant.

How to write a scientific name

• 1. • 2.• 3

• (Binomial Nomenclature)

Figure 26.5

Branch point:where lineages diverge

ANCESTRALLINEAGE

This branch pointrepresents thecommon ancestor oftaxa A–G.

This branch point forms apolytomy: an unresolvedpattern of divergence.

Sistertaxa

Basaltaxon

Taxon A

Taxon B

Taxon C

Taxon D

Taxon E

Taxon F

Taxon G

New Slide

• Read, “What we Can and Cannot Learn from Phylogenetic Trees”- page 539

Page 544

• Read Caption to 26.12, page 544, while viewing the next picture

Figure 26.11

TAXA Lancelet(outgroup)

Lamprey

Bass

Frog

Turtle

Leopard

Vertebralcolumn

(backbone)

Four walkinglegs

Hinged jaws

Amnion

Hair

Vertebralcolumn

Hinged jaws

Four walking legs

Amnion

Hair

(a) Character table (b) Phylogenetic tree

CHAR

ACTE

RS

Lanc

elet

(out

grou

p)

Lam

prey

Bass

Frog

Turt

le

Leop

ard

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

1

1

1

0

0

1

1

1

1

0

1

1

1

1

1

Figure 26.11b

Lancelet(outgroup)

Lamprey

Bass

Frog

Turtle

Leopard

Vertebralcolumn

Hinged jaws

Four walking legs

Amnion

Hair

(b) Phylogenetic tree

Hammerkop- South Africa