civil law bar syllabus
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8/4/2019 Civil Law Bar Syllabus
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Today is Friday, July 01, 2011
LABUS FOR 2011 BAR EXAMINATIONS
L LAW
fect and Application of Laws New Civil Code
When law takes effect, NCC Art. 2
gnorance of the Law, NCC Art. 3
etroactivity of Laws, NCC Art. 4
Mandatory or Prohibitory Laws, NCC Art. 5
Waiver of Rights, NCC Art. 6
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epeal of Laws, NCC Art. 7
udicial Decisions, NCC Art. 8
Duty to Render Judgment, NCC Art. 9
resumption and Applicability of Custom, NCC Arts 10-12
egal Periods, NCC Art. 13
pplicability of Penal Laws, NCC Art. 14
onflict of Laws, NCC Arts. 15-18, relative to Divorce, Art. 26 (2)
uman Relations New Civil Code
NCC Art. 19-22, relative to breach of promise to marry
ndependent Civil ActionsEXCLUDE: to be covered by Remedial Law
rejudicial QuestionsEXCLUDE: to be covered by Remedial Law
RSONS
ersons and Personality New Civil Code
apacity to Act
ivil Personality, NCC Art. 37
estrictions on Capacity to Act, NCC 38-39
irth, NCC 40-41
eath, NCC 42-43
ompare Art. 43 with Rule 131, Sec. 3 (jj) presumption of Survivorship
CLUDE: NCC 44-47
Domicile and residence of person, NCC 50-51
Marriage
Family Code (Aug. 3, 1988)
CLUDE: Muslim Code, (PD 1083)
equisites
ature of Marriage, Art. 1
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inds of Requisites, Arts. 2-3
ffect of absence of requisites, Art. 4
ssential Art. 5
ge, Art. 5
eremony, Art. 6
ormal Arts. 7, 31, 32
olemnizing authority, Art. 7-8, 10
xceptions Art. 35 (2)
cense Required Arts 3 (2), 9, 11, 20, 26
oreign National Art. 21
xceptions Arts. 27, 31-32, 34
Marriage Certificate, Art. 22
CLUDE: Duties of a Civil Registrar, Arts. 12-19, 23-25
ffect of Marriage celebrated abroad and foreign divorce, Art. 26
oid and Voidable marriages
oid Marriage Arts. 5, 35, 36-8, 52-3
bsence of Requisites, Art. 35
sychological incapacity, Art. 36
ncestous marriages, Arts. 37-38
rescription, Art. 39
ubsequent marriage, Arts. 40-44
nnullable marriage, Arts. 14, 45-46
oidable marriages, Art. 45-47
resence of prosecutor, Art. 48
endency of action, Art. 49
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ffects of nullity, Arts. 50-54
CLUDE: SC Rules on Procedure (Nullity and Provisional Orders), R.A. 6955, An Act to Declare Unlawful the Practice of Matching
pino Women for Marriage to Foreign Nationals, RA 9208, Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act
Legal Separation
Grounds, Art. 55, Republic Act. 9262, Anti-Violence Against Women and Children
Defenses, Arts. 56-57
ooling-off Period, Art. 58
Reconciliation efforts, Art. 59
onfession of Judgment, Art. 60
ffects of Filing Petition, Art. 61
ffects of pendency, Art. 62
ffects of legal separation, Arts. 63-64
econciliation, Arts. 65-67
CLUDE: SC Rules on legal separation
Rights and Obligations Between Husband and Wife
ssential Obligations, Art. 68
amily domicile, Art. 69
upport, Art. 70
Management of household, Art. 71
ffect of neglect of duty, Art. 72
xercise of profession, Art. 73
CLUDE: R.A. 7192, An Act Promoting the Integration of Womens as Full and Equal Partners of Men in Development and Natio
ding, RA 8187, An Act Granting Paternity Leave, RA 9710, Magna Carta for Women
roperty Relations of the Spouses
Marriage Settlements, Arts. 76-81
Donations by Reason of Marriage, Arts. 82-83, 86, 43(3), 50
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oid donations by the spouses, Art. 87
Absolute Community of property
eneral Provisions, Arts. 75-85, 88-90
What constitutes Community Property, Arts. 91-93
harges Upon and Obligations of the Community Property, Arts. 94-95
Ownership, Administration, Enjoyment and Disposition of the Community Property, Arts. 96-98
issolution of Community Regime, Arts. 99-101
quidation of the Absolute Community Assets and Liabilities, Arts. 102-104
onjugal Partnership of Gains
eneral Provision, Arts. 105-108
xclusive Property of Each Spouse, Arts. 109-115
onjugal Partnership Property, Arts. 116-120
harges upon and obligations of the CPG, Arts. 121-123
dministration of the CPG, Arts. 124-125
issolution of CPG Regime, Arts. 126-128
quidation of the Conjugal Partnership Assets and Liabilities, Arts. 129-133
eparation of Property of the Spouses and Administration of Common Property by One Spouse During the Marriage, Arts. 13
Regime of Separation of Property, Arts. 143-146
roperty Regime of Unions Without Marriage, Arts. 147-148
The Family
he Family as an Institution, Arts. 149-151
he Family Home, Arts. 152-165
CLUDE: Arts. 157, 161 and 162
Paternity and Filiation
egitimate Children, Arts. 163-171
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roof of Filiation, Arts. 172-174
legitimate Children, Art. 175 and Art. 176 as amended by RA 9255
egitimated Children, Arts. 177-182
CLUDE: SC Rule on DNA Evidence
. Adoption
CLUDE: Family Code, Arts. 183-188, 191-193
A 8552 Domestic Adoption Law
Who can adopt
Who can be adopted
ights of an adopted child include FC, Arts. 189 and 190 on successional rights
escission of adoption
CLUDE:AM No. 02-6-02-S.C. (Aug. 22, 2002), RA 9523 requiring certification of the department of DSWD to declare a "child
ilable for adoption"
A 8043, The Law on Inter- Country Adoption
Who can Adopt
Who can be adopted
Support
What it Compromises, Art. 194
Who are Obliged, Arts. 195-197, 199-200, 206-208
upport during marriage litigation, Art. 198
Amount, Arts. 201-202
When Demandable, Art. 203
ptions, Art. 204
Attachment, Art. 205
arental Authority
General Provisions, Arts. 209-215
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ubstitute and Special Parental Authority, Arts. 216-219
ffect of Parental Authority upon the Persons of the Children, Arts. 220-224
CLUDE: Rule on Guardianship of Minors, Rule on Custody of Minors, RA 8972 Solo Parents Act, RA 8980 Policy for Childhoo
ffects of Parental Authority upon the Property of the Children, Arts. 225-227
CLUDE: RA 9231 Child Labor Law (to be covered by Labor Law)
uspension or Termination of Parental Authority, Arts. 228-233 RA 7610 Child Abuse Law
Emancipation Arts. 234 and 236, as amended by RA 6809
Summary Judicial Proceedings in the Family Law
. Final Provisions Retroactive effect, Art. 256
CLUDE:Arts. 254-255, 257
. Funeral, NCC Arts. 305-301
CLUDE: Care and Education of Children, Arts. 356-363
Use of surnames Arts. 364-369, 369-380 (other articles repealed by Family Code)
. Absence NCC Art. 43; Art. 41 Family Code
rovisional measures in Case of Absence, Arts. 381-383
Declaration of Absence, Arts. 384-389
dministration of the Property of the Absentee, arts. 387-389
resumption of Death, Arts. 390-392
CLUDE:Arts. 393-396, contingent assets
I. Civil Registrar
Arts. 407-413
A 9048-clerical errors
ule 108, Rules of Court
CLUDE:Act. No. 375, IRR of RA 9048
OPERTY
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haracteristics
lassification Arts. 415-418
Hidden Treasure Arts. 438-9
ight of Accession Art. 440
ruitsArts. 441-4
With respect to Immovable Property
uilder, planter, sower on land of another in concept of owner
Builder, planter, sower in good faith Arts. 448-456
Builder, planter, sower in bad faith Arts. 449-450
sufructuary, Art. 579
ands adjoining river banks
lluvion Art. 457
hange of course of river Arts. 461-246, see Water Code PD 1067
vulsion- Arts. 459-463
lands Arts. 464-465
y Object
eal or immovable
ersonal or Movable
By Owner
Of public dominion
Of private ownership
atrimonial property distinction between private property of individual persons, and of State entities
y Nature
onsumable/non-consumable vs. Fungible/non-fungible
Ownership
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ight in general
undle of rights
us utendi, fruendi, abutendi, vindicandi, disponendi(possidendi)
Actions to recover ownership and possession of real property
Distinctions between accion reivindicatoria, accion publiciana, accion interdictal
Distinction between forcible entry and unlawful detainer
Actions for recovery of possession of moveable property
Requisites for recovery of property proof of right; identity; reliance on strength of own evidence not weakness of defenda
m
istinction between real and personal rights
Modes of acquiring ownership
riginal, derivative
mitations
eneral limitations taxation, eminent domain, police power
pecific Limitations imposed by law, sic utere tuo, nuisance, stat of necessity, easements voluntarily imposed by owner:
vitudes, mortgages imposed by contract
Accession
ight to hidden treasure
General Rules:
or immovables:
ccession discreta (natural and industrial civil fruits) and continua (over immovables: artificial/industrial and natural)
ccession industrial(building, avulsion, rivers, islands)
ccession natural(accretion, avulsion, rivers, islands)
or movables:
ccession continua (conjuction, adjunction, commixtion/ confusion, specification)
ules for determining the principal and accessory
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Quieting of title to/interest in and removal/prevention of cloud over title to/interest in real property
equirement
Distinction between quieting title and removing/preventing a cloud
rescription/non-prescription of action
Co-ownership
haracteristics of co-ownership
n general
pecial rules:
oncept of condominium
Condominium corporation
nterest in real property
Concept of common areas, amendment
Documents to consider (master deed, declaration of restrictions, articles and by-laws of the condominium corporation or th
ociation where applicable
ights and obligations of condominium owner
Contributions/Dues
PD 957 and RA 6552
rounds for partition of common areas, or dissolution of the condominium
ource of co-ownership
ights of co-owners
istinction between right to property owned in common and full ownership over his/her ideal share
ight to oppose acts of alteration
ight to partition
ight to contributions for expenses (necessary expenses, taxes)
Waiver
ight to redemption of co-owners share
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ermination/extinguishment
ffect of partition
ights against individual co-owners in case of partition
artition in case co-owners cannot agree
Possession
haracteristics
cquisition of Possession Art. 531
ffects of Possession
ossessor in Good Faith Arts. 544, 526-527
ight to pending fruits Art. 545
ight to be reimbursed
Necessary and useful expenses Arts. 546-547
Expenses for pure luxury Art. 548
ossessor in Bad Faith Arts. 449, 549, 552
oss or Unlawful Deprivation of a Movable Arts. 559, 1505 (3)
eriod to Recover Arts. 1140, 1134, 1132, 1133
inder of Lost Movable Arts. 719-720
istinguished from voidable title Art. 1506
n concept of owner, holder, in ones own name, in name of another
ights of the possessor
oss/termination
. Usufruct
haracteristics
lassification
ights and obligations of usufructuary
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Rights of the owner
xtinction/termination
Easements Arts. 613, 615-616
haracteristics
lassification
egal easements
ight of way
oluntary easements Art. 688
ffect of Zoning ordinance
Modes of Acquiring Easements
ompulsory easements Arts. 620-624
asement of light and view Arts. 669-673
Nuisance Art. 694
Action to Quiet Title Arts. 476-480
Modes of Acquiring Ownership Art. 712
Occupation Art. 713
Donation
efinition Arts. 725-6, 746
haracteristics
xtent to which donor may donate property
eservations and reversions
inds
onation Inter Vivos Art. 729
onation By Reason of Marriage Family Code Arts. 82-83, 86
onation Mortis CausaArt. 728
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Onerous Donation Art. 733
mple, modal, conditional
ormalities required
ow made and accepted
erfection
ifferences between formalities for donation of real, personal properties
Movables Art. 748
mmovables Art. 749
Qualifications of donor, donee
ffects of donation/limitations
n general
ouble donations
xcessive/inofficious
cope of amount Arts. 750-752
n fraud of creditors Art. 759
oid Donations Arts. 739-740, 1027
evocation or reduction
rounds for revocation, grounds for reduction
ow done
ffects
rescription
nnofficious Donations Arts. 760-761, 771-775
gratitude Arts. 765, 769
CLUDE: Intellectual Creations to be covered by Mercantile Law
SCRIPTION
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efinitionArt. 1106
Acquisitive Art. 1117
haracteristics
Ordinary
ood Faith Art. 1127
ust title Arts. 1129-1130
xtraordinary Arts. 1137, 1132 second par.
equisites Arts. 1118-1125
eriod Arts. 1132, 1134, 1138
What cannot be required by acquisitive prescription
xtinctive
haracteristics
equisites
eriods
No Prescription Applicable
y Offender Art. 1133
egistered Lands PD 1529
Art. 1143, NCC
ction legal to demand a right of way Art. 649
o abate a nuisance
Action to quiet title if plaintiff in possession
oid contracts Art. 1410
ction to demand partition Art. 494
istinguished from laches
roperty of public dominion
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Prescription or Limitation of Actions
o recover movables Art. 1140
o recover immovables Art. 1141
Other actions Arts. 1142-1149
nterruption Art. 1155
Nuisance
Definition
lassification
emedies
LIGATIONS
efinition
lements of an Obligation
Different Kinds of Prestations
Classification of Obligations
ources of Obligations Arts. 1156-7
A single act or omission can give rise to different causes of action
atural Obligations
xtra-contractual Obligations
Nature and Effect of obligations
Obligation to give
determinate or specific thing
n indeterminate or generic thing
Obligation to do or not to do
reaches of obligations
omplete failure to perform
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efault, delay or mora no default unless creditors makes a demand; Exceptions (Art. 1169)
Mora solvendi
Mora accipiendi
ompesatio morae
raud in the performance of obligation
Waiver of future fraud is void (Art. 1171)
egligence (culpa) in the performance of obligation
iligence normally required is ordinary diligence or diligence of a good father of a family; exceptions common carriers requir
raordinary diligence (Arts. 1998-2002)
ontravention of the tenor of obligation
egal excuse for breach of obligation fortuitous event; requisites
Remedies available to creditor in cases of breach
pecific Performance
ubstituted performance by a third person on obligation to deliver generic thing and in obligation to do, unless a purely perso
escission (resolution in reciprocal obligations)
amages, in any event
ubsidiary remedies of creditors (Art. 1177)
ccion subrogatoria
ccion pauliana
ccion directa (Arts. 1652, 1608, 1729, 1893)
Kinds of civil obligations
ure Arts. 1179-1180
onditional Art. 1181
uspensive condition
esolutory condition
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otestative casual or mixed
bligations subject to potestative suspensive conditions are void (Art. 1182)
ffect of the happening of suspensive condition (Art. 1187); resolutory condition no retroactivity
ffect of loss of specific thing or deterioration or improvement of specific thing before suspensive condition (Art. 1189); if thi
urs in resolutory condition in obligation to do or not to do (1190, par. 3)
Obligation with a period or a term Art. 1193
uspensive period; effect suspensive period is for the benefit of both debtor and of creditor, unless given in favor of one of th
en to debtor alone, debtor losses benefit of period in any of the five cases in Art. 1198 obligation retroact to the day of its
stitution
esolutory period
efinite or indefinite period
nstances when courts may fix the period (Art. 1197)
reditor must ask court to set the period, before he can demand payment
Alternative or Facultative Art. 1199
ifference between alternative and facultative obligations
ffect of loss of specific things or impossibility of performance of alternative, through fault of debtor/creditor or through fort
nts
. Joint and Solidary obligation
oint (divisible) obligation
oncurrence of two or more creditors and or two or more debtors
oint obligation is presumed, unless otherwise indicated by the law or nature of obligation (Art. 1207)
Obligation presumed to be divided into as many equal shares as there are creditors or debtors
ach credit is distinct from one another, therefore a joint debtor cannot be required to pay for the share of another with deb
ough he may pay if he wants to (Art. 1209)
nsolvency of a joint debtor, others not liable for his share (Art. 1209)
oint Indivisible Obligation
Obligation cannot be performed in parts but debtors are bound jointly
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n case of failure of one joint debtor to perform his part (share), there is default but only debtor guilty shall be liable for dama
olidary obligation
nyone of the solidary creditors may collect or demand payment of whole obligation; there is mutual agency among solidary
tors (Arts. 1214, 1215)
ny of the solidary debtor may be required to pay the whole obligation; there is mutual guaranty among solidary debtors (Ar
6, 1217, 1222)
ach one of solidary creditors may do whatever maybe useful to the others, but not anything prejudicial to them (Art. 1212);
wever, any novation, compensation, confusion or remission of debt executed by any solidary creditor shall extinguish the
gation without prejudice to his liability for the shares of the other solidary creditors
Divisible and Indivisible Art. 1225
Obligations with a Penal Clause Arts. 1226, 1228-1230
Extinguishment of Obligations
ayment Arts. 1236-1238
ation in payment Art. 1245
orm of payment Art. 1249
xtraordinary inflation or deflation Art. 1250
pplication of payment Art. 1252-1254
ender of Payment and Consignation Arts. 1256-1261
oss of Determinate Thing Due or Impossibility or difficulty of performance Arts. 1262, 1266-1267
ondonation or Remission of Debt Art. 1270
xpress Formality of Donation art. 1270
mplied Arts. 1271, 1272, 1274
Confusion Arts. 1275, 1272
ompensation
inds Arts. 1278, 1279
egal compensation Arts. 1286-1290
Agreement Art. 1282
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oluntary Art. 1282
udicial Art. 1283
acultative
Obligations not compensable Art. 1287-1288
ovation Arts. 1291-1304
NTRACTS
ssential Requisites Art. 1261
inds of Contracts
onsensual
eal
ormal or Solemn
onations Arts. 748-749
artnership where real property contributed Arts. 1771, 1773
ntichresis Art. 2134
gency to sell real property or an interest therein Art. 1874
tipulation to charge interest Art. 1956
tipulation limiting common carriers duty of extraordinary diligence to ordinary diligence Art. 1744
hattel mortgage
ale of large cattle
Formality Arts. 1356, 1357, 1358
Defective Contracts
escissible Contracts Art. 1381
ifference with Rescission (resolution) under Art. 1191
oidable Contracts Arts. 1328-1344, 1390-1402
nenforceable Contracts Arts. 1403-1407, 1317
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Void Contracts Arts. 1409, 1346
actum commissorium - Arts. 2088, 2130, 1390
actum de non alienando Art. 2130
actumleonina Art. 1799
ffect of Contracts Art. 1311
ES
troduction
Definition of Sales Arts. 1458, 1470
ssential Requisites of a Contract of Sale Art. 1505
tages of Contract of Sale
Obligations Created Art. 1165
haracteristics of a Contract of Sale
ale is Title and Not Mode
ale Distinguished From Other Contracts
Contract of Sale/Contract to Sell
arties to a Contract of Sale
apacity of parties Arts. 1489-1492
bsolute incapacity Arts. 1327, 1397, 1399
elative incapacity: Married Persons
pecial disqualifications Arts. 1491-1492
Subject Matter
equisites of a valid subject matter Arts. 1459-1465
articular kinds
Obligations of the Seller to Transfer Ownership
ale by a person not the owner at time of delivery Arts. 1462, 1505, 1459
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xceptions
ale by a person having a voidable title Arts. 1506, 559
Price
Meaning of price Arts. 1469-1474
equisites for a valid price
ow price is determined
nadequacy of price Arts. 1355, 1470
When no price agreed Art. 1474
Manner of payment must be agreed upon
arnest money vs. option money art. 1482
Formation of Contract of Sale
reparatory Art. 1479
Offer Art. 1475
Option Contract Arts. 1479, 1324
ight of First Refusal
Mutual Promise to Buy and Sell Art. 1479
erfection Arts. 1475, 1319, 1325, 1326
ormalities of the Contract Art. 1403 (d) (e)
Transfer of Ownership
Manner of Transfer Arts. 1477, 1496-1501
When delivery does not transfer title
inds of delivery
Double Sales Art. 1544
roperty Registration Decree
equisites for registration of deed of sale in good faith
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ccompanied by vendors duplicate certificate of title, payment of capital gains tax, and documentary tax registration fees
. Risk of Loss
General rule Arts. 1263, 1189
When loss occurred before perfection
When loss occurred at time of perfection Arts. 1493 and 1494
When loss occurred after perfection but before delivery
When ownership is transferred Art. 1504
Documents of Title
Definition Art. 1636
urpose of documents of title
egotiable documents of title
Non-negotiable documents of title
Warranties of seller of documents of title Art. 1516
ules on levy/garnishment of goods Arts. 1514, 1519, 1520
emedies of an Unpaid Seller
Definition of unpaid seller Art. 1525
emedies of unpaid seller
Performance of Contract
Delivery of thing sold
ale of Movables Arts. 1522, 1537, 1480
ale of Immovables Arts. 1539, 1543
nspections and Acceptance
ayment of price
Warranties
xpress warranties
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mplied warranties Art. 1547
ffects of warranties
ffects of waivers
uyers options in case of breach of warranty Art. 1599
. Breach of Contract
emedies of the Seller Arts. 1636, 1594
ale of Movables
ecto Law: Sale of Movables on Installment Arts. 1484-1486
ale of Immovables
D 957, sec. 23, 24
Maceda Law: Sale of Immovables on Installment
emedies of the Buyer
ale of Movable
ale of Immovables
. Extinguishment of the Sale
auses Arts. 1600, 1231
onventional redemption Art. 1601
quitable mortgage Arts. 1602-1604
Distinguish from option to buy Art. 1602
eriod of redemption Art. 1606
xercise of the right to redeem Art. 1616
egal redemption Art. 1619
Age redemption Art. 1619
The Law on Sale of Subdivision and Condominium (PD 957)
. The Condominium Act (RA 4726)
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CLUDE: Electronic Commerce Act, Public Land Law, Retail Trade and Liberalization Act, Bulk Sales Law
CCESSION
eneral Provisions (Arts. 774-780)
Definition/What is transmitted Arts. 774, 776, 781
uccession occurs at the moment of death Art. 777
inds of Successors Heirs, Devisees, Legatees Art. 782
estamentary Succession
Wills
n General
efinition and characteristics - (Arts. 783-787)
Personal Act; Non-delegability of will-making Arts. 784-785, 787; exception 786
Rules of Construction and Interpretation/Law Governing Formal Validity Art. 788-795
estamentary Capacity and Intent (Arts. 796-803)
ge Requirement Art. 797
oundness of Mind; Presumptions Arts. 798-801
orm
ormal Validity Rules - Arts. 17, 815-817, 819
See Law Governing Substantive Validity Arts. 15, 16, 1039
ommon requirements Art. 804
n Writing
Language/Dialect Requirement
otarial Wills
Arts. 805-806
Special rules for handicapped testators Arts. 807-808
Substantial Compliance Art. 809
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Requisites Arts. 820-824
olographic Wills
Requirements Arts. 810-814
Witnesses Required for Probate Art. 811 Alterations, Requirements Art. 814
oint Wills Arts. 818-819
odicils, Definition and Formal Requirements Arts. 825-826
ncorporate by Reference
evocation (Arts. 828-834); kinds (Art. 830)
llowance and Disallowance of Wills (Arts. 838-839)
robate Requirement Art. 838
ssues to be Resolved in Probate Proceedings Art. 839
Exceptions when practical considerations demand the intrinsic validity of the will be resolved
Effect of Final Decree of Probate, Res Judicata on Formal Validity
rounds for Denying Probate Art. 839
nstitution of Heirs (Arts. 840-856)
reterition Definition, Requisites and Effects (Art. 854)
oncept Art. 854
ompulsory Heirs in the Direct Line
reterition vs. Disposition less than Legitime/Donation Inter Vivos Arts. 855, 906-918
ffects of Preterition, devisees only entitled to completion of legitime
ubstitution of Heirs (Arts. 857-870)
efinition Art. 857
inds Arts. 858-860
imple Substitution Art. 859
deicommissary Substitution Arts. 863-866, 869
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Conditional Testamentary Dispositions and Testamentary Dispositions with a Term Arts. 871-885
egitime (Arts. 886-914)
efinition Art. 886
ompulsory Heirs and Various Combinations Arts. 887-903
eserva Troncal Art. 891
isinheritance
isinheritance for cause Art. 919
Reconciliation Art. 922
Rights of descendants of person disinherited Art. 923
isinheritance without cause - Art. 918
egacies and Devisees Arts. 924-959
Legal or Intestate Succession Arts. 960-1014
General Provisions Arts. 960-969
elationship Arts. 963-969
ight of Representation Arts. 970-977
Order of Intestate Succession Arts. 978-1014, 992
Provisions Common to Testate and Intestate Succession Arts. 1015-1105
ight of Accretion Arts. 1015-1023
efinition and Requisites Arts. 1015-1016
apacity to Succeed by Will or Intestacy (Arts. 1024-1040)
ersons Incapable of Succeeding Arts. 1027, 739, 1032
nworthiness vs. Disinheritance
cceptance and Repudiation of the Inheritance Arts. 1041-1057
Collation Arts. 908-910, 1061-1062
artition and Distribution of Estate Arts. 1078-1105
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artition Arts. 1079, 1080
artition inter vivos
ffects of Partition Arts. 1091, 1097, 1100, 1104-1105
CLUDE: Executors and Administrators (Arts. 1058-1060)
to be covered by Remedial Law
RTNERSHIP
ontract of partnership
Definition
lements
ules to determine existence
How partnership is formed
artnership term
niversal vs. Particular; General vs. Limited
artnership by estoppel
artnership v. Joint Venture
ofessional partnership
anagement Arts. 1800-1803
ights and obligations of partnership
Rights and obligations of partners among themselves
Obligations of partnership/partners to third persons
Dissolution Art. 1830
Limited partnership
Definition
ow limited partnership is formed/amended
ights and obligations of a limited partner
CLUDE: Questions requiring application of SEC opinions or regulations
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ENCY
efinition of agency
owers Art. 1877-8
o bind principal Arts. 1897-1902
xception Art. 1883
Express vs. Implied Agency
Agency by estoppel
General vs. Special Agency
Agency couched in general terms
Agency requiring special power of attorney
. Agency by operation of law
Rights and Obligations of Principal
rrevocable agency Arts. 1927-1930
Modes of extinguishment
MPROMISE
efinition Art. 2028
Void Compromise Art. 2035
Effect Arts. 2037, 2041
DIT TRANSACTIONS
oan
ommodatum vs. Mutuum
Obligations of Bailor and Bailee
nterest and the suspension of Usury Law
Deposit
Voluntary deposit
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Necessary deposit
udicial deposit
Guaranty and Suretyship
Nature and extent of guaranty
ffects of guaranty
xtinguishment of guaranty
egal and judicial bonds
Pledge
Definition
inds
ssential requirements
Obligation of pledge
ights of pledgor
erfection Arts. 2093, 2096
oreclosure Arts. 2112, 2115
ledge by Operation of Law Art. 2121-2122
stinguished from Chattel Mortgage Arts. 2140, 1484
Real Mortgage
Definition and characteristics
ssential requisites
oreclosure
Antichresis
Definition and characteristics
Obligations of antichretic creditor
Chattel Mortgage
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Definition and characteristics
egistration
. Quasi-Contracts
Negotiorum Gestio
olutio Indebiti
Concurrence and Preference of Credits
Meaning of concurrence and preference
referred Credits on Specific Movables
xempt Property
Classification of credits
Order of preference of credits
nsolvency Law
Definition of insolvency
uspension of payments
oluntary insolvency
nvoluntary insolvency
CLUDE: Warehouse Receipts Law, Usury Law
SE
ease of things
ease of work or services
Lease of rural and urban lands
Qualified persons
egistration
rohibitions
Rights and obligations of lessor and lessee
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pecial rules for lease of rural/urban lands
Household service
Contract of labor
Obligation in case of death/injury of laborers
. Contract for piece of work
ND TITLES AND DEEDS
orrens System
oncept and background
ertificate of Title
egalian Doctrine
oncept
ffects
oncept of native title, time immemorial possession
Citizenship Requirement
ndividuals and corporations
Original Registration
Who may apply
nder PD 1529
nder CA 141
nder RA 8371
egistration process and requirements
emedies
Cadastral registration
ubsequent Registration
Voluntary dealings
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nvoluntary dealings
Non-Registrable Properties
Dealings with Unregistered Lands
CLUDE: History of land laws, Remedies sufficiently covered under Remedial Law, Registration of judgments, Orders and Partit
urance Fund, Registration of Patents, Administrative structure of the Register of Deeds, Consultas1avvphi1
RTS AND DAMAGES
OK I TORTS
rinciples
Abuse of Right; Elements
njust Enrichment
iability without Fault
Acts Contrary to Law
cts Contrary to Morals
lassification of Torts
According to manner of commission: intentional, negligent and strict liability
According to scope: general or specific
The Tortfeasor
he Direct Tortfeasor
atural Persons
uridical Persons
ersons Made Responsible for Others
n General
Quasi-delicts under Article 2180, how interpreted Family Code, Arts. 218-219, 221
Elements; definition
Distinguished from culpa contractual and culpa criminal
ndirect liability for intentional acts
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resumption of negligence on persons indirectly responsible
ature of liability; joint or solidary?
n Particular
arents
uardian
wners and Managers of Establishments and Enterprises
mployers
Meaning of employers
Requisites
Employee chosen by employer or through another
Services rendered in accordance with orders which employer has authority to give
llicit act of employee was on the occasion or by reason of the functions entrusted to him
Presumption of negligence
Employer need not be engaged in business or industry
Defense of diligence in selection and supervision
Nature of employers liability
tate
eachers and heads of establishments of arts and trades
oint Tortfeasors (Art. 2194, Civil Code)
Act of Omission and Its Modalities
oncept of Act
roximate Cause
oncept
efinition
est
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istinguished from Immediate Cause
istinguished from Intervening Cause
istinguished from Remote and Concurrent
ause in Fact
ut For
ubstantial Factor Test
oncurrent Causes
egal Cause
atural and Probable Consequences
oreseeability
fficient Intervening Cause
ause vs. Condition
ast Clear Chance
Legal Injury
oncept
lements of Right
iolation of Right or Legal Injury
Classes of Injury
njury to persons
njury to property
njury to relations
Intentional Torts
General
oncept
lasses
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nterference with persons and property
Physical harms
Non-physical harms
nterference with relations
nterference with rights to persons and property
ntentional Physical Harms
eneral
Concept
Kinds
iolation of persons security, physical injuries Art. 33, Civil Code
Battery (Physical Injury)
Assault (Grave Threat)
alse Imprisonment (Illegal detention)
respass to Land
Concept
Elements
nterference with Personal Property
respass to Chattels
onversion
ntentional Non-Physical Harms
eneral
Concept
Kinds
iolation of Personal Dignity
nfliction of emotional distress
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iolation of Privacy
Appropriation
ntrusion
Public disclosure of private facts
False light in the public eye
isturbance of Peace of Mind
alicious Prosecution
efamation
Defenses
Absence of elements
Privilege
raud or Misrepresentation (formerly deceit)
eduction
njust Dismissal
nterference with relations
eneral
oncept
inds
amily Relations
lienation of affection
oss of consortium
riminal conversation (Adultery)
ocial Relations
Meddling with or disturbing family relations
ntriguing to cause another to be alienated from his friends
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conomic Relations
nterference with contractual relations
nfair competition
olitical Relations
iolation of right to suffrage (NCC, Art. 32)
iolation of other political rights (freedom of speech, press, assembly and petition, etc.)
efenses
bsence of element
rivilege
onsent
elf-defense and defense of others
ecessity NCC Art. 429
efense of property
uthority of Law
rescription
Waiver
orce majeure
. Negligence
oncept
ood Father of a Family or Reasonably Prudent Man
tandard of Care
CC, Art. 1173
mergency Rule
Unreasonable risk of Harm
vidence
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resumption of Negligence
egal Provisions
es ipsa loquitur
Defenses
omplete
bsence of element
Due diligence
Acts of public officers
ccident or fortuitous event
amnum absque injuria
uthority of law
ssumption of risk
ast clear chance
rescription NCC, Art. 1144, 1146, and 1150
Waiver
ouble recovery NCC Art. 2177
Special Liability in Particular Activities
General
oncept
roducts Liability
Manufacturers or Processors
lements
onsumer Act RA 7394, secs. 92-107, (Ch. 1)
uisance NCC Arts. 694-707
uisance Per Se and Nuisance Per Accidence
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ublic Nuisance and Private Nuisance
ttractive Nuisance
Violation of Constitutional Rights
iolation of Civil Liberties
iolation of Rights Committed by Public Officers
rovinces, Cities and Municipalities
Owner of Motor Vehicle
roprietor of Building or Structure or Thing
ead of Family
trict Liability
Animals
ossessor and User of an Animal
Nuisance (supra)
lasses< Per se or per accidents; Public or Private
asement Against Nuisance
roducts Liability (supra)
onsumer Act
OK II DAMAGES
eneral Considerations
lassification
CC Art. 2197
ccording to purpose
ccording to manner of determination
pecial and ordinary
Actual and Compensatory Damages
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oncept
equisites
lleged and proved with certainty
ot speculative
omponent Elements
alue of loss; unrealized profit
ttorneys fees and expenses of litigation
nterest
xtent or scope of actual damages
n contracts and quasi-contracts
n crimes and quasi-delicts
Moral Damages
oncept (Arts. 2217-2218)
When recoverable (Arts. 2219-2220)
n seduction, abduction, rape and other lascivious acts
n acts referred to in Arts. 21, 26, 27, 28, 29, 32, 34 & 35, NCC
n cases of malicious prosecution
Nominal Damages
oncept
When awarded
emperate or Moderate Damages
oncept
Liquidated Damages
oncept; NCC Art. 2226
ules governing in case of breach of contract
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Exemplary or Corrective Damages
oncept; NCC Art. 2229
When recovered
n criminal offenses; NCC Art. 2230
n quasi-delicts; NCC Art. 2231
n contracts and quasi-contracts; NCC Art. 2232
equisites
rts. 2233, 2234
. Damages in Case of Death
n crimes and quasi-delicts causing death
n death caused by breach of conduct by a common crime
Graduation of Damages
Duty of Injured Party
rt. 2203
ules
n crimes
n quasi-delict; NCC Art. 2214
n contracts, quasi-contracts and quasi-delicts; NCC Art. 2215
quidated damages; NCC Art. 2227
ompromise
Miscellaneous Rules1avvphi1
Damages that cannot co-exists
ominal with other damages, Art. 2223
ctual and Liquidated Art. 2226
Damages that must co-exist
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xemplary with moral, temperate, liquidated or compensatory
amages that must stand alone
ominal Damages, Art. 2223
CLUDE: Distinction between tort and quasi-delict
PORTANT NOTE: This bar coverage description is not intended and should not be used by law schools as a syllabus or course
ine in the covered subjects. It has been drawn up for the limited purpose of ensuring that candidates reviewing for the bar
minations are guided on what basic and minimum amounts of laws, doctrines, and principles they need to know and be able
correctly before they can be licensed to practice law. More is required for excellent and distinguished work as members of
Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation
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