chương 5 - tập lệnh
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-1
Chng 5.
Tp lnh lp trnh
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-2
5.1. Tp lnh c bn.
5.1.1. Bit logic.
Cc tip im ladder (LAD)
Ta c th kt ni cc tip im vi nhau v to ra mch logic kt ni. Nu bit
ng vo m ta ch r s dng b nh danh I (ng vo) hay Q (ng ra), gi tr bit s
c c t mt thanh ghi nh tin trnh. Cc tn hiu tip im vt l trong tin trnh
iu khin c ni n cc u cc I trn PLC. CPU qut cc tn hiu ng vo c
ni v cp nht lin tc cc gi tr tng ng trong thanh ghi ng vo nh tin trnh.
Ta c th ghi r mt kt qu tc thi ca mt ng vo vt l bng cch s dng
:P theo sau s dch chnh I (v d: %I3.4:P). i vi mt kt qu tc thi, cc gi
tr d liu bit c c mt cch trc tip t ng vo vt l thay v t nh tin trnh.
Mt kt qu tc thi th khng cp nht nh tin trnh.
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN Bool Bit c gn gi tr
Tip im thng h NO (Normally Open) c ng li (ON) khi gi tr bit
c gn bng 1.
Tip im thng ng NC (Normally Closed) c ng li (ON) khi gi tr
bit c gn bng 0.
Cc tip im c ni ni tip s to ra mch logic AND.
Cc tip im c ni song song s to ra mch logic OR.
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-3
Cc hp FBD: AND, OR v XOR
Trong lp trnh FBD, cc mng tip im LAD c chuyn i thnh cc
mng dng cc khi logic AND (&), OR (> = 1) v OR loi tr (XOR) m ta c th
ch r cc gi tr bit cho cc ng vo v ng ra ca hp. Ta cn c th kt ni n cc
hp logic khc v to ra mt t hp lin hp logic ring. Sau khi hp c t trong
mng, ta c th ko cng c Insert binary input t thanh cng c Favorites hay t
cy lnh v sau th n ln trn pha u vo ca hp thm nhiu ng vo. Ta cn
c th nhp chut phi ln b kt ni ng vo ca hp v chn Insert input.
Cc ng vo v ng ra ca hp c th c kt ni n mt hp logic khc, hay
ta c th nhp vo mt a ch bit hay tn k hiu bit i vi mt ng vo cha c
kt ni. Khi lnh trong hp c thc thi, trng thi ng vo hin ti c p dng cho
mch logic hp nh phn v nu ng th ng ra ca hp s l ng.
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN1, IN2 Bool Bit ng vo
Tt c cc ng vo ca hp AND phi l TRUE ng ra l TRUE.
Bt k ng vo no ca hp OR phi l TRUE ng ra l TRUE.
Mt s l cc ng vo ca hp XOR phi l TRUE ng ra l TRUE.
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-4
B o logic NOT
i vi lp tnh FBD, ta c th ko cng c Negate binary input t thanh
cng c Favorites hay t cy lnh v sau th n ln mt ng vo hay ng ra
to ra mt b o logic trn b kt ni ca hp .
Tip im NOT (LAD) chuyn i trng thi logic ca u vo dng tn hiu.
Nu khng c dng tn hiu vo trong tip im NOT, s c dng tn hiu i ra.
Nu c dng tn hiu vo trong tip im NOT, s khng c dng tn hiu i ra.
Cun dy ng ra (LAD)
Lnh xut cun dy s ghi mt gi tr cho mt bit ng ra. Nu bit ng ra ta ch
ra s dng nh danh b nh Q, th sau CPU s chuyn bit ng ra trong thanh ghi
nh tin trnh v on hoc off, thit lp gi tr bit c gn bng vi trng thi lung tn
hiu. Cc tn hiu ng ra cho c cu iu khin c ni n cc u cc Q ca S7
1200. Trong ch RUN, h thng CPU qut mt cch lin tc cc tn hiu ng vo,
x l cc trng thi ng vo theo chng trnh logic, v sau tc ng tr li bng
cch thit lp cc gi tr trng thi ng ra mi trong thanh ghi ng ra nh tin trnh.
Sau mi chu trnh thc thi chng trnh, h thng CPU chuyn phn ng trng thi
ng ra mi c lu tr trong thanh ghi nh tin trnh n cc u cc ni dy ng ra.
Ta c th xc nh mt kt qu ghi tc thi ca mt ng ra vt l bng cch s
dng :P theo sau dch chuyn Q (v d %Q3.4:P). i vi mt kt qu ghi tc
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-5
thi, cc gi tr d liu bit c ghi n ng ra nh tin trnh v trc tip n ng ra
vt l.
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
OUT Bool Bit c gn gi tr
Nu c lung tn hiu chy qua mt cun dy ng ra, bit ng ra c t ln 1.
Nu khng c lung tn hiu chy qua mt cun dy ng ra, bit ng ra c t
v 0.
Nu c lung tn hiu chy qua mt cun dy ng ra o, bit ng ra c t v
0.
Nu khng c lung tn hiu chy qua mt cun dy ng ra o, bit ng ra c
t ln 1.
Hp gn ng ra (FBD)
Trong lp trnh FBD, cc cun dy LAD c chuyn i thnh cc hp gn (=
v /=) m ta c th nh r mt a ch bit cho hp ng ra. Cc ng vo v ng ra ca
hp c th c kt ni vi khi logic khc hay ta c th nhp vo mt a ch bit.
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
OUT Bool Bit c gn gi tr
Nu tn hiu vo ca hp ng ra l 1, bit OUT c t ln 1.
Nu tn hiu vo ca hp ng ra l 0, bit OUT c t v 0.
Nu tn hiu vo ca hp ng ra o l 1, bit OUT c t v 0.
Nu tn hiu vo ca hp ng ra o l 0, bit OUT c t ln 1.
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-6
5.1.1.1. Cc lnh Set (t) v Reset (t li).
S v R: Set v Reset 1 bit
Khi lnh S (Set) c kch hot, gi tr d liu a ch OUT c t ln 1.
Khi lnh S khng c kch hot, ng ra OUT khng b thay i.
Khi lnh R (Reset) c kch hot, gi tr d liu a ch OUT c t v 0.
Khi lnh R khng c kch hot, ng ra OUT khng b thay i.
Nhng lnh ny c th c t ti bt c v tr no trong mch.
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN Bool V tr bit c gim st
OUT Bool V tr bit c t hoc t li
SET_BF v RESET_BF: Set v Reset mt trng bit
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
n Constant S lng cc bit ghi
OUT Phn t ca mt mng Boolean Phn t bt u ca mt trng bit c t
hay t li. V d #MyArray[3]
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-7
Khi SET_BF c kch hot, mt gi tr d liu bng 1 c gn cho n bit
bt u ti a ch OUT. Khi SET_BF khng c kch hot, a ch OUT
khng b thay i.
RESET_BF ghi mt gi tr d liu bng 0 n n bit bt u ti a ch OUT.
Khi RESET_BF khng c kch hot, a ch OUT khng b thay i.
Nhng lnh ny phi l lnh nm v bn phi trong mt nhnh.
RS v SR: cc mch cht ca bit set tri v reset tri
RS l mt mch cht set tri m set chim u th. Nu tn hiu set (S1) v reset
(R) u l ng, a ch ng ra OUT s bng 1.
SR l mt mch cht reset tri m reset chim u th. Nu tn hiu set (S) v
reset (R1) u l ng th a ch ng ra OUT s l 0.
Thng s OUT nh r a ch bit c set hay reset. Ng ra OUT ty chn (Q )
phn nh trng thi tn hiu ca a ch OUT.
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
S, S1 Bool Ng vo set; s 1 biu th s u th
R, R1 Bool Ng vo reset; s 1 biu th s u th
OUT Bool Ng ra ca bit c gn OUT
Q Bool Trng thi km theo ca bit OUT
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-8
Lnh S1 R Bit OUT
RS
0 0 Trng thi k trc
0 1 0
1 0 1
1 1 1
S R1 Bit OUT
SR
0 0 Trng thi k trc
0 1 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
5.1.1.2. Cc lnh ngng dng v m.
Cc b d qu dng v m
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-9
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
M_BIT Bool Bit nh trong trng thi k trc ca ng vo c lu tr
IN Bool Bit ng vo m ngng qu ca n l dng pht hin
OUT Bool Bit ng ra, cho bit mt ngng qu c pht hin
CLK Bool Lung tn hiu hay bit ng vo m ngng qu ca chng l
dng pht hin
Q Bool Ng ra biu th mt ngng c pht hin
Tip im P (LAD): trng thi ca tip im ny l TRUE khi mt s qu
dng (t OFF sang ON) c pht hin trn bit IN c gn. Trng thi logic ca
tip im sau c kt hp vi dng tn hiu trong mch thit lp trng thi ng
ra ca dng tn hiu. Tip im P c th c nh v ti bt k v tr no trong mch,
ngoi tr v tr kt thc ca mt nhnh.
Tip im N (LAD): trng thi ca tip im ny l TRUE khi mt s qu
m (t ON sang OFF) c pht hin trn bit c gn. Trng thi logic ca tip im
sau c kt hp vi dng tn hiu trong mch thit lp trng thi ng ra ca
dng tn hiu. Tip im N c th c nh v ti bt k v tr no trong mch, ngoi
tr v tr kt thc ca mt nhnh.
Hp P (FBD): trng thi logic ng ra l TRUE khi mt s qu dng (t
OFF sang ON) c pht hin trn bit ng vo c gn. Hp P ch c th c nh
v ti v tr bt u ca mt nhnh.
Hp N (FBD): trng thi logic ng ra l TRUE mt s qu m (t ON
sang OFF) c pht hin trn bit ng vo c gn. Hp N ch c th c nh v ti
v tr bt u ca mt nhnh.
Cun dy P (LAD): bit c gn OUT l TRUE khi mt s qu dng
(t OFF sang ON) c pht hin trn dng tn hiu i vo cun dy. Dng tn hiu
trong mch lun chy xuyn qua cun dy, ng vai tr nh trng thi ng ra dng tn
hiu. Cun dy P c th c nh v ti bt k v tr no trong mch.
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-10
Cun dy N (LAD): bit c gn OUT l TRUE khi mt s qu m (t
ON sang OFF) c pht hin trn dng tn hiu i vo cun dy. Dng tn hiu trong
mch lun chy xuyn qua cun dy, ng vai tr nh trng thi ng ra dng tn hiu.
Cun dy N c th c nh v ti bt k v tr no trong mch.
Hp P= (FBD): bit c gn OUT l TRUE khi mt s qu dng (t
OFF sang ON) c pht hin trn trng thi logic ti kt ni ng vo ca hp hoc
trn s gn bit ng vo, nu hp ny c nh v ti im khi u ca mt nhnh.
Trng thi logic ng vo lun chy xuyn qua hp ging nh trng thi logic ng ra.
Hp P= c th c nh v ti bt k v tr no trong nhnh.
Hp N= (FBD): bit c gn OUT l TRUE khi mt s qu m (t ON
sang OFF) c pht hin trn trng thi logic ti kt ni ng vo ca hp hoc trn s
gn bit ng vo, nu hp ny c nh v ti im khi u ca mt nhnh. Trng
thi logic ng vo lun chy xuyn qua hp ging nh trng thi logic ng ra. Hp N=
c th c nh v ti bt k v tr no trong nhnh.
P_TRIG (LAD/FBD): dng tn hiu ng ra Q hoc trng thi logic l TRUE
khi mt s qu dng (t OFF sang ON) c pht hin trn trng thi ng vo
CLK (FBD) hay trn dng tn hiu CLK (LAD). Trong ngn ng LAD, lnh P_TRIG
khng th c nh v ti v tr khi u hay kt thc ca mt mch. Trong ngn ng
FBD, lnh P_TRIG c th c nh v ti bt k v tr no, ngoi tr v tr cui ca
mt nhnh.
N_TRIG (LAD/FBD): dng tn hiu ng ra Q hoc trng thi logic l TRUE
khi mt s qu m (t ON sang OFF) c pht hin trn trng thi ng vo CLK
(FBD) hay trn dng tn hiu CLK (LAD). Trong ngn ng LAD, lnh N_TRIG
khng th c nh v ti v tr khi u hay kt thc ca mt mch. Trong ngn ng
FBD, lnh N_TRIG c th c nh v ti bt k v tr no, ngoi tr v tr cui ca
mt nhnh.
Tt c cc lnh ngng s dng mt bit nh (M_BIT) lu tr trng thi k
trc ca tn hiu ng vo ang c gim st. Mt ngng c pht hin bng cch
so snh trng thi ca tn hiu ng vo vi trng thi ca bit nh. Nu cc trng thi
cho bit rng mt s thay i ca tn hiu theo hng cn quan tm th sau mt
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-11
ngng c thut li bng vic ghi gi tr ng ra TRUE. Nu khng, ng ra c
ghi l FALSE.
Lu
Cc lnh ngng s nh gi cc gi tr ca ng vo v bit nh trong mi ln
chng c thc thi, k c ln thc thi u tin. Ta phi tnh n cc trng thi ban
u ca ng vo v bit nh trong thit k chng trnh cho php hay trnh s
pht hin ngng trn ln qut u tin.
Do bit nh phi c duy tr t mt ln thc thi n ln thc thi tip theo, ta
nn dng mt bit n nht cho mi lnh ngng, v khng nn dng bit ny ti bt k
v tr no khc trong chng trnh. Ngoi ra ta cn nn trnh b nh tm thi v b
nh m c th b tc ng n bi nhng hm h thng khc, v d nh mt cp nht
I/O. Ch s dng b nh M, b nh DB tng th hay b nh Static (trong DB mu) cho
vic gn vng nh M_BIT.
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-12
5.1.2. Cc b nh th (Timer).
Ta s dng cc lnh nh th to ra cc tr hon thi gian c lp trnh.
TP : b nh th xung pht ra mt xung vi b rng xung c t trc.
TON : ng ra ca b nh th ON delay Q c t ln ON sau mt s tr
hon thi gian t trc.
TOF : ng ra Q ca b nh th OFF delay c t li v OFF sau mt s
tr hon thi gian t trc.
TONR : ng ra b nh th c kh nng nh ON delay c t ln ON sau
mt tr hon thi gian t trc. Thi gian tri qua c tch ly qua nhiu giai
on nh th cho n khi ng vo R c s dng t li thi gian tri qua.
RT : t li mt b nh th bng cch xa d liu thi gian c lu tr
trong khi d liu tc thi ca b nh th xc nh.
Mi b nh th s dng mt cu trc c lu tr trong mt khi d liu nhm
duy tr d liu nh th. Ta gn gi tr khi d liu khi lnh nh th c t trong
trnh son tho.
Khi ta t cc lnh nh th trong mt khi hm, ta c th la chn ty chn
khi d liu Multi instance, cc tn cu trc nh th c th khc nhau vi nhng cu
trc d liu ring bit, nhng d liu nh th c cha trong mt khi d liu n v
khng cn mt khi d liu ring bit cho mi b nh th. iu ny lm gim thi
gian x l v ni lu tr cn thit cho vic x l cc b nh th. Khng c mi tng
tc gia nhng cu trc d liu nh th trong khi d liu Multi instance c chia
s.
Cc b nh th TP, TON v TOF c cc thng s ng
vo v ng ra ging nhau.
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-13
B nh th TONR c thng s ng vo t li c
thm vo R. Ta to ra mt Timer name ring ch nh
Data Block nh th v miu t mc ch ca b nh
th ny trong chu trnh.
Lnh RT t li d liu nh th cho b nh th c
ch nh.
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN Bool Ng vo b nh th cho php
R Bool t li thi gian tri qua ca TONR v 0
PT Bool Ng vo gi tr thi gian t trc
Q Bool Ng ra b nh th
ET Time Ng ra gi tr thi gian tri qua
Khi d liu nh th DB Ch ra b nh th no t li vi lnh RT
Thng s IN khi ng v dng cc b nh th:
S qu t 0 ln 1 ca thng s IN lm khi ng cc b nh th TP, TON v
TONR.
S qu t 1 v 0 ca thng s IN lm khi ng b nh th TOF.
Bng di y th hin tc ng ca nhng s thay i gi tr trong cc thng
s PT v IN.
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-14
B nh th Nhng thay i trong cc thng s PT v IN
TP Thay i PT khng c nh hng trong khi b nh th vn hnh.
Thay i IN khng c nh hng trong khi b nh th vn hnh.
TON
Thay i PT khng c nh hng trong khi b nh th vn hnh.
Thay i IN sang FALSE, trong khi b nh th vn hnh, s t li
v dng b nh th.
TOF
Thay i PT khng c nh hng trong khi b nh th vn hnh.
Thay i IN sang TRUE, trong khi b nh th vn hnh, s t li
v dng b nh th.
TONR
Thay i PT khng c nh hng trong khi b nh th vn hnh,
nhng c nh hng khi nh th khi phc li.
Thay i IN sang FALSE, trong khi b nh th vn hnh, s dng
b nh th nhng khng t li b nh th. Thay i IN tr li sang
TRUE s lm b nh th bt u tnh ton thi gian t gi tr thi
gian c tch ly.
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-15
Cc gi tr TIME.
Cc gi tr PT (preset time thi gian t trc) v ET (elapsed time thi
gian tri qua) c lu tr trong b nh nh cc s nguyn double c du, tng
trng cho nhng mili giy thi gian. D liu TIME s dng b nh danh T# v c th
c nhp vo nh mt n v thi gian thun ty T#200ms hay nh cc n v thi
gian phc hp T#2s_200ms.
Kiu d liu Kch c Phm vi s hp l
TIME 32 bit
T#-24d_20h_31m_23s_648ms n
T#24d_20h_31m_23s_647ms
2.147.483.648 ms n + 2.147.483.647 ms
Lu
Vng gi tr m ca kiu d liu TIME c th hin trn khng th c s
dng vi cc lnh nh th. Cc gi tr PT (thi gian t trc) m c t v 0 khi
lnh nh th c thc thi. ET (thi gian tri qua) lun lun l mt gi tr dng.
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-16
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-17
5.1.3. Cc b m (Counter).
5.1.3.1. Cc b m.
Ta s dng cc lnh b m m cc s kin chng trnh bn trong v cc
s kin x l bn ngoi:
CTU: b m m ln.
CTD: b m m xung.
CTUD: b m m ln v xung.
Mi b m s dng mt cu trc c lu tr trong mt khi d liu nhm
duy tr d liu m. Ta gn gi tr khi d liu khi lnh m c t trong trnh son
tho. Cc lnh ny s dng cc b m phn mm vi tc m cc i b gii hn
bi tc s thc thi ca OB m n c cha trong . OB m cc lnh c t
trong n phi c thc thi thng xuyn pht hin tt c cc chuyn i ca
cc ng vo CU hay CD.
Khi t cc lnh b m vo trong mt khi hm, ta c th la chn ty chn
khi d liu Multi instance, cc tn gi cu trc b m c th khc vi cc cu trc
d liu ring bit, nhng d liu b m th c cha trong mt khi d liu n v
khng cn mt khi d liu ring bit cho mi b m. iu ny lm gim thi gian
x l v gim ni lu tr d liu cn cho cc b m. Khng c mi tng tc no
gia nhng cu trc d liu b m trong khi d liu Multi instance c chia s.
La chn kiu d liu gi tr m t danh sch th
xung di tn hp.
Ta to ra mt Counter name ring ch nh Data
Block b m v miu t mc ch ca b m ny
trong chu trnh.
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-18
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
CU, CD Bool m ln hay m xung, bi mt ln m
R (CTU, CTUD) Bool t li gi tr m v 0
LOAD (CTD, CTUD) Bool Np iu khin cho gi tr t trc
PV SInt, Int, DInt,
USInt, UInt, UDInt Gi tr m t trc
Q, QU Bool ng nu CV >= PV
QD Bool ng nu CV
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-19
CTD: CTD m xung 1 n v khi gi tr ca thng s CD thay i t 0 ln 1.
Nu gi tr ca thng s CV (Current count value gi tr m hin thi) nh hn
hoc bng 0 th thng s ng ra ca b m Q = 1. Nu gi tr ca thng s LOAD
thay i t 0 ln 1, gi tr ti thng s PV (Preset count value gi tr t trc) c
np n b m nh mt gi tr CV mi. Hnh di y th hin mt gin nh th
CTD vi mt gi tr m l s nguyn khng du (vi PV = 3).
CTUD: CTUD m ln hay xung 1 n v theo s qu t 0 ln 1 ca ng
vo m ln (Count up CU) hay m xung (Count down CD). Nu gi tr ca
thng s CV (gi tr m hin thi) ln hn hoc bng gi tr thng s PV (gi tr m
t trc) th thng s ng ra ca b m QU = 1. Nu gi tr ca thng s CV nh
hn hay bng 0, thng s ng ra ca b m QD = 1. Nu gi tr ca thng s LOAD
thay i t 0 ln 1, gi tr ti thng s PV c np n b m nh mt gi tr CV
mi. Nu gi tr ca thng s t li R thay i t 0 ln 1, gi tr m hin thi s c
xa v 0. Hnh di y cho thy mt biu m thi gian CTUD vi mt gi tr
m s nguyn khng du (vi PV = 4).
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-20
5.1.3.2. Lnh CTRL_HSC.
Lnh CTRL_HSC iu khin cc b m tc cao c s dng m cc
s kin xut hin nhanh hn tc thc thi OB. Tc m ca cc lnh b m
CTU, CTD v CTUD b gii hn bi tc thc thi ca OB m chng c cha
trong .
Mt ng dng thng dng ca cc b m tc cao l m cc xung c
sinh ra bi mt my pht xung c trc iu khin chuyn ng.
Mi lnh CTRL_HSC s dng mt cu trc
sc lu tr trong mt khi d liu duy tr d liu.
Ta gn gi tr khi d liu khi lnh CTRL_HSC c
t trong trnh son tho
.
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-21
Thng s Kiu
thng s
Kiu d
liu Miu t
HSC IN HW_HSC B nh danh HSC
DIR IN Bool 1 = yu cu hng m mi
CV IN Bool 1 = yu cu t mt gi tr m mi
RV IN Bool 1 = yu cu t mt gi tr tham chiu mi
PERIOD IN Bool 1 = yu cu t mt gi tr chu k mi (ch
dnh cho ch o tn s)
NEW_DIR IN Int Hng m mi:
1 = tin; 1 = li
NEW_CV IN Dint Gi tr m mi
NEW_RV IN Dint Gi tr tham chiu mi
NEW_PERIOD IN Int Gi tr chu k mi (s): .01, .1 hay 1 (ch dnh
cho ch o tn s)
BUSY OUT Bool Chc nng bn
STATUS OUT Word M iu kin thc thi
Ta phi cu hnh cc b m tc cao trong thit lp s cu hnh thit b PLC
cho n trc khi c th s dng cc b m tc cao trong chng trnh. Vic
thit lp cu hnh thit b HSC la chn cc ch m, cc kt ni I/O, phn vng
ngt, v s vn hnh nh mt b m tc cao hoc nh mt thit b dng o tn s
xung. Ta c th vn hnh b m tc cao vi c hay khng c iu khin chng
trnh.
Nhiu thng s cu hnh b m tc cao ch c thit lp trong cu hnh
thit b cho n. Mt vi thng s b m tc cao c khi chy trong cu hnh
thit b n, nhng khng th c chnh sa v sau di s iu khin chng
trnh.
Cc thng s ca lnh CTRL_HSC cung cp s iu khin chng trnh ca
tin trnh m:
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-
N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-22
Thit lp hng m n mt gi tr NEW_DIR.
Thit lp gi tr m hin thi n mt gi tr NEW_CV.
Thit lp gi tr tham chiu n mt gi tr NEW_RV.
Thit lp gi tr chu k (cho ch o tn s) n mt gi tr NEW_PERIOD.
Nu cc gi tr c boolean sau y c t ln 1 khi lnh CTRL_HSC c
thc thi, gi tr NEW_xxx tng ng c np n b m. Nhiu yu cu (tc l c
nhiu hn mt c c t ti cng mt thi im) c x l trong mt s thc thi
n thun ca lnh CTRL_HSC.
DIR = 1: yu cu np mt gi tr NEW_DIR; DIR = 0: khng thay i.
CV = 1: yu cu np mt gi tr NEW_CV; CV = 0: khng thay i.
RV = 1: yu cu np mt gi tr NEW_RV; RV = 0: khng thay i.
PERIOD = 1: yu cu np mt gi tr NEW_PERIOD; PERIOD = 0: khng
thay i.
Lnh CTRL_HSC thng c t trong mt OB ngt phn cng, OB ny
c thc hin khi s kin ngt phn cng b m c kch hot. Ly v d, nu mt
s kin CV = RV kch hot vic ngt b m, mt khi m OB ngt phn cng sau
s thc thi lnh CTRL_HSC v c th thay i gi tr tham chiu bng cch np mt
gi tr NEW_RV.
Gi tr m hin thi th khng c sn trong cc thng s ca CTRL_HSC. a
ch nh tin trnh lu tr gi tr m hin thi c gn gi tr trong sut s cu hnh
phn cng b m tc cao. Ta c th s dng chng trnh logic c trc tip
gi tr m v gi tr c tr li chng trnh s l mt s m ng trong lcm b
m c c. B m s tip tc m cc s kin tc cao. V vy, gi tr m
thc t c th thay i trc khi chng trnh hon thnh mt chu trnh s dng mt
gi tr m c.
Cc chi tit thng s CTRL_HSC:
Nu mt cp nht ca mt gi tr thng s khng c yu cu, cc gi tr ng
vo tng ng s b b qua.
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-
N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-23
Thng s DIR ch c hp l nu mnh lnh m cu hnh c t v User
program (internal direction control). Ta xc nh s dng thng s ny trn
cu hnh thit b HSC nh th no.
i vi mt HSC S7 1200 trn CPU hay trn Signal Board, thng s BUSY
lun lun mang gi tr l 0.
Cc m iu kin: trong trng hp c li, ENO c t v 0 v ng ra STATUS
cha mt m iu kin.
Gi tr STATUS
(W#16#...) Miu t
0 Khng c li
80A1 Nhn dng HSC khng ghi a ch HSC
80B1 Gi tr khng ph hp trong NEW_DIR
80B2 Gi tr khng ph hp trong NEW_CV
80B3 Gi tr khng ph hp trong NEW_RV
80B4 Gi tr khng ph hp trong NEW_PERIOD
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-
N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-24
5.1.3.3. Hot ng ca b m tc cao.
Mt b m tc cao (HSC) c th c s dng nh mt ng vo cho mt
b m ha trc tng. B m ha trc cung cp mt s lng xc nh s m trn mi
vng quay v mt xung t li xut hin ch mt ln cho mi vng. Xung ng h v
xung t li t b m ha trc cung cp cc ng vo n HSC.
Mt HSC c np vi thit lp trc u tin trong s cc thit lp trc
(preset), v cc ng ra c kch hot cho chu trnh thi gian m gi tr m hin
thi nh hn thit lp trc hin thi. HSC mang li mt s ngt khi gi tr m hin
thi bng vi gi tr thit lp trc, khi s t li xut hin, v cn khi c mt thay i
nh hng.
V mi s kin ngt vi gi tr m hin thi bng vi gi tr t trc xut
hin, mt s t li mi c np v trng thi k tip ca cc ng ra c thit lp.
Khi s kin ngt t li xut hin, s t li u tin v cc trng thi ng ra u tin
c thit lp, v chu trnh c lp li.
Do cc ngt xut hin vi mt tc thp hn nhiu so vi tc m ca
HSC, vic iu khin chnh xc ca cc vn hnh vi tc cao c th c thc thi
vi nh hng nh mt cch tng i n chu trnh qut ca CPU. Phng php vi
phn ngt km theo cho php mi ln np mt thit lp trc c thc hin trong mt
on chng trnh ngt ring iu khin trng thi d dng. (Nh mt s la chn,
tt c cc s kin ngt c th c thc thi trong mt on chng trnh ngt n
thun.)
La chn chc nng cho b m tc cao HSC
Tt c cc HSC hot ng theo cch thc ging nhau i vi mt ch b
m tng ng trong vn hnh. C 4 kiu c bn ca HSC:
B m mt pha vi iu khin nh hng bn trong
B m mt pha vi iu khin nh hng bn ngoi
B m hai pha vi 2 ng vo ng h m (clock)
B m trng thi vung pha A/B
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-
N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-25
Ta c th s dng mi kiu HSC vi c/khng c ng vo t li. Khi ta kch
hot ng vo t li (vi mt vi hn ch, xem bng di y), gi tr hin thi c
xa v c gi trng cho n khi ta gii hot ng vo t li.
Chc nng tn s: mt ch HSC cho php HSC c cu hnh (kiu m)
bo co li tn s thay v gi tr m hin ti cc xung. C sn 3 thi k o tn
s khc nhau: 0,01, 0,1 v 1,0 giy.
Thi k o tn s xc nh mc HSC thng xuyn tnh ton v bo co mt
gi tr tn s mi. Tn s c bo co l mt gi tr trung bnh c xc nh bi tng
s lng s m trong thi k o cui cng. Nu tn s thay i mt cch nhanh
chng, gi tr c bo co s l mt trung gian gia tn s cao nht v thp nht xut
hin trong sut thi k o. Tn s lun c xc nh theo Hertz (s lng xung trong
mi giy) bt chp s thit lp thi k o tn s.
Cc ch v cc ng vo ca b m: bng di y th hin cc ng vo
c s dng cho ng h, iu khin nh hng v cc chc nng t li lin
quan n HSC.
Mt ng vo ging nhau khng th c s dng cho hai chc nng khc nhau,
nhng bt k ng vo no m ang khng c s dng bi ch hin thi HSC ca
n th c th c s dng cho mt mc ch khc. V d, nu HSC1 trong ch s
dng cc ng vo gn lin nhng khng s dng t li bn ngoi (I0.3) th I0.3 c th
c s dng cho cc ngt ngng hoc cho HSC2.
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-
N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-26
Miu t Gn ng vo mc nh Chc nng
HSC
HSC1
Tch hp hay
Signal Board hay
mn hnh PTO 01
I0.0
I4.0
Xung PTO
0
I0.1
I4.1
Mnh lnh
PTO 0
I0.3
I4.3
_
HSC:
Tch hp hay
Signal Board hay
mn hnh PTO 11
I0.2
I4.2
Xung PTO
1
I0.3
I4.3
Mnh lnh
PTO 1
I0.1
I4.1
_
HSC32
Tch hp I0.4 I0.5 I0.7
HSC43 Tch hp I0.6 I0.7 I0.5
HSC54
Tch hp hay
Signal Board
I1.0
I4.0
I1.1
I4.1
I1.2
I4.3
HSC64
Tch hp hay
Signal Board
I1.3
I4.2
I1.4
I4.3
I1.5
I4.1
Ch
B m mt pha vi iu
khin nh hng bn trong
ng h
m
_
_ m hay tn s
Reset m
B m mt pha vi iu
khin nh hng bn ngoi
ng h
m
Mnh lnh
_ m hay tn s
Reset m
B m hai pha vi 2 tn hiu
vo clock
ng h
m ln
ng h m
xung
_ m hay tn s
Reset m
B m trng thi vung pha
A/B
Pha A
Pha B
_ m hay tn s
Pha Z m
Gim st cc tn hiu ra
chui xung (PTO)1
ng h
m Mnh lnh _ m
1 Vic gim st cc ng ra chui xung lun lun s dng ng h m v mnh lnh.
Nu ng ra PTO tng ng ch c cu hnh cho xung, ng ra ca lnh thng thng
c thit lp cho vic m gi tr dng.
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-
N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-27
2 HSC3 vi mt ng vo t li th khng dng c cho CPU 1211C vn ch h tr 6
ng vo tch hp.
3 HSC4 khng dng c cho CPU 1211C vn ch h tr 6 ng vo tch hp.
4 HSC5 v HSC6 ch c h tr bi CPU 1211C v CPU 1212C khi mt bng mch
tn hiu c lp t.
Truy xut gi tr hin thi cho HSC
CPU lu tr gi tr hin thi ca mi HSC trong mt a ch ng vo (I). Bng
di y th hin cc a ch mc nh c gn cho gi tr hin hnh ca mi HSC.
Ta c th thay i a ch I ca gi tr hin thi bng cch chnh sa cc thuc tnh ca
CPU trong mc Device Configuration.
B m tc cao Kiu d liu a ch mc nh
HSC1 DInt ID1000
HSC2 DInt ID1004
HSC3 DInt ID1008
HSC4 DInt ID1012
HSC5 DInt ID1016
HSC6 DInt ID1020
Cc im I/O s c gn n cc thit b HSC khng th b tc ng.
Cc im I/O s c s dng bi cc thit b m tc cao c gn gi tr
trong sut s cu hnh thit b. Khi cc a ch im I/O c gn n nhng thit b
ny, gi tr ca cc a ch im I/O khng th c chnh sa bi hm tc ng
bng Watch.
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-
N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-28
5.1.3.4. Cu hnh cho HSC.
CPU cho php ta cu hnh n 6 b m tc cao. cu hnh cc thng s
cho mi HSC ring bit, ta chnh sa phn Properties ca CPU.
Sau khi kch hot HSC, ta cu
hnh cc thng s khc nh chc nng
m, cc gi tr ban u, cc ty chn
t li v cc s kin ngt.
Sau khi cu hnh HSC, ta s
dng lnh CTRL_HSC trong chng
trnh iu khin s vn hnh ca
HSC.
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-
N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-29
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-30
5.1.4. So snh.
Ta s dng cc lnh so snh so snh hai gi tr ca cng mt kiu d liu.
Khi vic so snh tip im LAD l TRUE, tip im ny c kch hot. Khi vic so
snh hp FBD l TRUE, ng ra ca hp s l TRUE.
Sau khi nhp chut ln lnh trong trnh son tho chng trnh, ta c th la
chn kiu so snh v kiu d liu t cc trnh n th xung.
Kiu quan h S so snh l ng nu:
= = IN1 bng IN2
IN1 khng bng IN2
>= IN1 ln hn hay bng IN2
IN1 ln hn IN2
< IN1 nh hn IN2
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN1, IN2 SInt, Int, Dint, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real,
LReal, String, Char, Time, DTL, Constant Cc gi tr so snh
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-
N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-31
Cc lnh IN_RANGE v OUT_RANGE
Ta s dng cc lnh IN_RANGE v
OUT_RANGE kim tra trong trng hp mt gi tr
ng vo nm trong hay nm ngoi mc gi tr c
nh sn. Nu s so snh l TRUE th ng ra ca hp
l TRUE.
Cc thng s ng vo MIN, VAL v MAX phi c cng kiu d liu.
Sau khi nhp chut ln lnh trong trnh son tho chng trnh, ta c th la
chn kiu d liu t cc trnh n th xung.
Kiu quan h S so snh l ng nu:
IN_RANGE MIN
-
N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-32
Cc lnh OK v NOT_OK
Ta s dng cc lnh OK v NOT_OK kim tra xem mt s tham chiu d
liu ng vo c phi l mt s thc hp l hay khng theo tiu chun IEE 754. Khi
tip im LAD l TRUE, tip im c kch hot v cho dng tn hiu i qua. Khi
hp FBD l TRUE, ng ra ca hp nhn gi tr TRUE.
Mt gi tr Real hay LReal l khng hp l nu n l +/ INF (infinity: v
cng), NaN (not a number: khng phi mt s), hay nu n l mt gi tr khng c
chun ha. Gi tr khng c chun ha y l mt con s rt gn vi 0. CPU thay
th bng s 0 i vi mt con s khng c chun ha trong tnh ton.
Lnh S kim tra s thc l TRUE nu:
OK Gi tr ng vo l mt s thc hp l
NOT_OK Gi tr ng vo khng phi l mt s thc hp l
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN Real, LReal D liu ng vo
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-33
5.1.5. Php ton.
Cc lnh cng, tr, nhn v chia
Ta s dng mt lnh hp php ton lp trnh cc vn hnh php ton c bn:
ADD : php cng (IN1 + IN2 = OUT)
SUB : php tr (IN1 IN2 = OUT)
MUL : php nhn (IN1 * IN2 = OUT)
DIV : php chia (IN1 / IN2 = OUT)
Mt hot ng chia s nguyn s ct b phn phn s ca thng s to ra
mt tn hiu ra s nguyn. Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v la chn mt kiu d liu
t trnh n th xung.
Lu
Cc thng s lnh php ton c bn IN1, IN2 v OUT phi c kiu d liu
ging nhau.
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN1, IN2 SInt, Int, DInt, UInt, UDInt, Real, LReal, Constant Cc ng vo php ton
OUT SInt, Int, DInt, UInt, UDInt, Real, LReal Ng ra php ton
Khi c cho php (EN = 1), lnh php ton thc hin hot ng c nh r
trn cc gi tr ng vo (IN1 v IN2) v lu tr kt qu trong a ch nh c xc
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-34
nh bi thng s ng ra (OUT). Sau mt s hon tt thnh cng php ton, lnh s t
ENO = 1.
Trng
thi ENO Miu t
1 Khng c li
0
Gi tr kt qu tnh ton c th vt qu phm vi hp l ca kiu d liu
c chn. Phn trng s thp nht trong kt qu m va vi kch thc ni
n th c tr v.
0 Php chia cho 0 (IN2 = 0): kt qu khng c xc nh v s 0 c tr li.
0 Real/LReal: nu mt trong cc gi tr ng vo l NaN (khng phi mt s) th
NaN c tr li.
0 ADD Real/LReal: nu c hai gi tr IN u l INF vi du khc nhau, y l
mt php ton khng hp l v NaN c tr li.
0 SUB Real/LReal: nu c hai gi tr IN u l INF v cng du, y l mt
php ton khng hp l v NaN c tr li.
0 MUL Real/LReal: nu mt gi tr IN l 0 cn gi tr kia l INF, y l mt
php ton khng hp l v NaN c tr li.
0 DIV Real/LReal: nu c hai gi tr IN l 0 hoc l INF, y l mt php ton
khng hp l v NaN c tr li.
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-
N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-35
5.1.5.1. Lnh MOD.
Ta s dng lnh MOD (modulo) cho php ton IN1 modulo IN2. Php ton IN1
MOD IN2 = IN1 (IN1/IN2) = thng s OUT. Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v chn
mt kiu d liu t trnh n th xung.
Lu
Cc thng s IN1, IN2 v OUT phi c kiu d liu ging nhau.
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN1 v IN2 Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Constant Cc ng vo modulo
OUT Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt Ng ra modulo
Trng thi ENO Miu t
1 Khng c li
0 Gi tr IN2 = 0, OUT c gn gi tr bng 0
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-36
Lnh NEG
Ta s dng lnh NEG (php o) o ngc du s hc ca gi tr ti thng
s IN v lu tr kt qu trong thng s OUT. Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v chn
mt kiu d liu t trnh n th xung.
Lu
Cc thng s IN v OUT phi c kiu d liu ging nhau.
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN SInt, Int, DInt, Real, LReal, Constant Ng vo php ton
OUT SInt, Int, DInt, Real, LReal Ng ra php ton
Trng
thi ENO Miu t
1 Khng c li
0
Gi tr kt qu vt qu phm vi hp l ca kiu d liu c chn. V d i
vi SInt: NEG ( 128) cho kt qu + 128 vt qu gi tr ti a ca kiu d
liu ny.
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-37
Cc lnh tng v gim
Ta s dng cc lnh INC v DEC :
Tng gi tr mt s nguyn c du hoc khng
du. INC: gi tr thng s IN/OUT + 1 = gi tr
thng s IN/OUT.
Gim gi tr mt s nguyn c du hoc khng
du. DEC: gi tr thng s IN/OUT 1 = gi tr
thng s IN/OUT.
Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v chn mt kiu d liu t trnh n th xung.
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN/OUT SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UDInt Ng vo v ng ra php ton
Trng
thi ENO Miu t
1 Khng c li
0
Gi tr kt qu vt qu phm vi hp l ca kiu d liu c chn. V d i
vi SInt: INC (127) cho kt qu + 128 vt qu gi tr ti a ca kiu d liu
ny.
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-38
Lnh gi tr tuyt i
Ta s dng lnh ABS nhn c gi tr tuyt i ca mt s nguyn c du
hoc mt s thc ti thng s IN v lu tr kt qu trong thng s OUT. Ta nhp vo
pha di tn hp v chn mt kiu d liu t trnh n th xung.
Lu
Cc thng s IN v OUT phi c kiu d liu ging nhau.
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN SInt, Int, DInt, Real, LReal Ng vo php ton
OUT SInt, Int, DInt, Real, LReal Ng ra php ton
Trng thi
ENO Miu t
1 Khng c li
0
Gi tr kt qu php ton vt qu phm vi hp l ca kiu d liu c
chn. V d i vi SInt: ABS ( 128) cho kt qu + 128 vt qu gi tr ti
a ca kiu d liu ny.
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-39
Lnh MIN v MAX
Ta s dng lnh MIN (minimum: cc tiu) v MAX
(maximum: cc i) nh sau:
Lnh MIN so snh gi tr ca hai thng s IN1
v IN2 v gn gi tr cc tiu (nh hn) cho
thng s OUT.
Lnh MAX so snh gi tr ca hai thng s IN1
v IN2 v gn gi tr cc i (ln hn) cho
thng s OUT.
Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v chn mt kiu d liu t trnh n th xung.
Lu
Cc thng s IN v OUT phi c kiu gi tr ging nhau.
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN1, IN2 SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UDInt, Real, Constant Cc ng vo php ton
OUT SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UDInt, Real Ng ra php ton
Trng thi
ENO Miu t
1 Khng c li
0
(Ch i vi d liu kiu Real)
Mt hay c hai ng vo khng phi l mt s thc (NaN).
Kt qu OUT l +/ INF (v cng)
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-40
Lnh gii hn
Ta s dng lnh LIMIT kim tra xem gi tr ca
thng s IN c nm bn trong phm vi gi tr xc nh
bi cc thng s MIN v MAX hay khng. Gi tr
OUT c gi li ti gi tr MIN hay MAX, nu gi tr
IN nm ngoi phm vi ny.
Nu gi tr thng s IN nm trong phm vi xc nh, gi tr IN c lu tr
trong thng s OUT.
Nu gi tr thng s IN nm ngoi phm vi xc nh, gi tr OUT s l gi tr
ca thng s MIN (nu IN nh hn MIN) hoc s l gi tr ca thng s MAX
(nu IN ln hn MAX).
Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v chn mt kiu d liu t trnh n th xung.
Lu
Cc thng s MIN, IN, MAX v OUT phi c kiu gi tr ging nhau.
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
MIN, IN v MAX SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real,
Constant Cc ng vo php ton
OUT SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real Ng ra php ton
Trng thi
ENO Miu t
1 Khng c li
0 Real: nu mt hay nhiu hn cc gi tr ca MIN, IN v MAX l NaN
(khng phi mt s) th NaN s c tr v.
0 Nu MIN ln hn MAX, gi tr IN c gn n OUT.
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-41
Cc lnh ton hc du phy ng
Ta s dng cc lnh du phy ng lp trnh vic vn hnh ton hc s dng
kiu d liu Real hay LReal:
SQR : bnh phng (IN2 = OUT)
SQRT : cn bc hai )( OUTIN
LN : logarite t nhin (LN(IN) = OUT)
EXP : ly tha t nhin (eIN = OUT) vi c s e = 2,71828182845904523536
SIN : hm sin (sin(IN radian) = OUT)
COS : hm cos (cos(IN radian) = OUT)
TAN : hm tan (tan(IN radian) = OUT)
ASIN : sin ngc (arcsin (IN) = OUT)
ACOS : cos ngc (arccos (IN) = OUT)
ATAN: tan ngc (arctan (IN) = OUT)
FRAC : phn s (phn phn s ca s c du phy ng IN = OUT)
EXPT : ly tha tng qut (IN1IN2 = OUT)
Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v chn mt kiu
d liu t trnh n th xung. Cc thng s EXPT l
IN1 v OUT lun lun l Real. Ta c th la chn kiu
d liu cho thng s s m IN2.
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN, IN1 Real, LReal, Constant Cc ng vo
IN2 SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real,
LReal, Constant Ng vo s m EXPT
OUT Real, LReal Ng ra
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-42
Trng
thi ENO Lnh iu kin Kt qu (OUT)
1 Tt c Khng c li Kt qu hp l
0
SQR
Kt qu vt qu phm vi Real/LReal hp
l + INF
IN l +/ NaN (khng phi s) + NaN
SQRT
IN m NaN
IN l +/ INF hay +/ NaN +/ INF hay +/ NaN
LN
IN bng 0, s m, INF hay NaN NaN
IN l + INF hay + NaN + INF hay + NaN
EXP
Kt qu vt qu phm vi Real/LReal hp
l + INF
IN l +/ NaN +/ NaN
SIN, COS, TAN IN l +/ INF hay +/ NaN +/ INF hay +/ NaN
ASIN, ACOS
IN nm ngoi phm vi hp l t 1 n +
1 + NaN
IN l +/ NaN +/ NaN
ATAN IN l +/ NaN +/ NaN
FRAC IN l +/ INF hay +/ NaN + NaN
EXPT
IN1 l + INF v IN2 khng phi l INF + INF
IN1 m hay bng INF
+ NaN nu IN2 l
Real/ LReal;
INF vi trng hp
khc
IN1 hay IN2 l +/ NaN + NaN
IN1 bng 0 v IN2 (ch) l Real/LReal + NaN
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-43
5.1.6. Di chuyn.
Cc lnh di chuyn v di chuyn khi
Ta s dng cc lnh di chuyn sao chp cc phn t d liu n mt a ch
nh mi v chuyn i t mt kiu d liu ny sang kiu khc. D liu ngun khng
b thay i trong qu trnh di chuyn.
MOVE: sao chp mt phn t d liu c lu tr ti mt a ch xc nh n
mt a ch mi.
MOVE_BLK: di chuyn c th ngt m sao chp mt khi cc phn t d liu
n mt a ch mi.
UMOVE_BLK: di chuyn khng ngt c m sao chp mt khi cc phn t
d liu n mt a ch mi.
MOVE
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real, LReal, Byte,
Word, DWord, Char, Array, Struct, DTL, Time a ch ngun
OUT SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real, LReal, Byte,
Word, DWord, Char, Array, Struct, DTL, Time a ch ch
MOVE_BLK, UMOVE_BLK
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real, Byte,
Word, DWord
a ch bt u
ngun
COUNT UInt S lng phn t d
liu sao chp
OUT SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real, Byte,
Word, DWord a ch bt u ch
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-44
Lu
Cc quy tc i vi hot ng sao chp d liu:
sao chp kiu d liu Bool, s dng SET_BF, RESET_BF, R, S hoc cun
dy ng ra (LAD).
sao chp mt kiu d liu c bn n l, s dng MOVE.
sao chp mt mng kiu d liu c bn, s dng MOVE_BLK hay
UMOVE_BLK.
sao chp mt cu trc, s dng MOVE.
sao chp mt chui, s dng S_CONV.
sao chp mt k t n l trong mt chui, s dng MOVE
Lnh MOVE_BLK v UMOVE_BLK khng th c dng sao chp cc
mng hay cu trc n cc vng nh I, Q hay M.
Lnh MOVE sao chp mt phn t d liu n l t mt a ch ngun c
xc nh bi thng s IN n a ch ch c xc nh bi thng s OUT.
Lnh MOVE_BLK v UMOVE_BLK c mt thng s thm vo l COUNT.
Thng s COUNT ch ra c bao nhiu phn t d liu c sao chp. S lng cc
byte trong mi phn t c sao chp ph thuc vo kiu d liu c gn cho tn gn
nhn ca thng s IN v OUT trong bng gn nhn PLC.
Cc lnh MOVE_BLK v UMOVE_BLK khc nhau cch thc m cc ngt
c thc hin:
Cc s kin ngt c xp hng v c x l trong sut vic thc thi
MOVE_BLK. S dng lnh MOVE_BLK khi d liu ti a ch di chuyn ch
khng c s dng bn trong mt chng trnh con OB ngt, hoc nu n
c s dng th d liu ch khng bt buc phi l nht qun. Nu mt hot
ng MOVE_BLK b ngt, phn t d liu sau cng c di chuyn s hon tt
v nht qun ti a ch ch. Hot ng MOVE_BLK c khi phc li sau
khi thc thi OB ngt hon tt.
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-45
Cc s kin ngt c xp hng nhng khng c x l cho n khi thc thi
UMOVE_BLK hon tt. S dng lnh MOVE_BLK khi hot ng di chuyn
phi c hon tt v d liu ch nht qun, trc s thc thi ca mt chng
trnh con OB ngt.
ENO lun lun ng theo s thc thi ca lnh MOVE.
Trng thi ENO iu kin Kt qu
1 Khng c li Tt c phn t COUNT c
sao chp thnh cng.
0
C phm vi ngun (IN) hay
phm vi ch (OUT) vt qu
vng nh c sn
Cc phn t ph hp c sao
chp. Cc phn t l ra khng c
sao chp.
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-46
Cc lnh lp y
Ta s dng cc lnh FILL_BLK v UFILL_BLK nh
sau:
FILL_BLK: lnh lp y c th ngt s lp y
mt phm vi a ch bng cc bn sao ca mt
phn t d liu xc nh.
UFILL_BLK: lnh lp y khng ngt c s
lp y mt phm vi a ch bng cc bn sao
ca mt phn t d liu xc nh.
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UDInt, Real, Byte,
Word, DWord a ch ngun d liu
COUNT USInt, UInt S lng cc phn t d
liu sao chp
OUT SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UDInt, Real, Byte,
Word, DWord a ch ch d liu
Lu :
Cc quy tc i vi vic thc thi lp y
lp y vi kiu d liu Bool, s dng SET_BF, RESET, R, S, hay cun
dy ng ra (LAD).
lp y vi kiu d liu c bn n l, s dng MOVE.
lp y vi mt mng kiu d liu c bn, s dng FILL_BLK hay
UFILL_BLK.
lp y mt k t n l trong mt chui, s dng MOVE.
Cc lnh FILL_BLK v UFILL_BLK khng th c s dng lp y cc
mng trong cc vng nh I, Q, hay M.
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-47
Cc lnh FIll_BLK v UFILL_BLK sao chp phn t d liu ngun IN n
ch ti a ch ban u c xc nh bi thng s OUT. Tin trnh sao chp lp
li v mt khi cc a ch k cn nhau c lp y cho n khi s lng cc bn sao
bng vi thng s COUNT.
Cc lnh FILL_BLK v UFILL_BLK khc nhau cch thc m cc ngt c
thc hin:
Cc s kin ngt c xp hng v c x l trong sut vic thc thi
FILL_BLK. S dng lnh FILL_BLK khi d liu ti a ch ch di chuyn th
khng c s dng bn trong mt chng trnh con OB ngt, hoc nu n
c s dng th d liu ch khng buc phi nht qun.
Cc s kin ngt c xp hng nhng khng c x l cho n khi thc thi
UFILL_BLK hon tt. S dng lnh UFILL_BLK khi hot ng di chuyn phi
c hon tt v d liu ch nht qun, trc s thc thi ca mt chng trnh
con OB ngt.
Trng thi ENO iu kin Kt qu
1 Khng c li. Phn t IN c sao chp thnh
cng n tt c cc ch n COUNT.
0 Phm vi ch (OUT) vt qu
vng nh c sn.
Cc phn t ph hp c sao chp.
Cc phn t l ra khng c sao
chp.
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-48
5.1.6.1. Lnh tro i.
Ta s dng lnh SWAP o ngc trt t
byte cho cc phn t d liu 2 byte v 4 byte. Khng c
s thay i no c thc hin n trt t bit trong
phm vi mi byte.
ENO lun lun nhn gi tr TRUE theo s thc thi ca lnh SWAP.
Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v chn mt kiu d liu t trnh n th xung.
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN Word, DWord Cc byte d liu c sp xp IN
OUT Word, DWord o ngc cc byte d liu c sp xp OUT
V d: thng s IN = MB0
trc s thc thi SWAP
V d: thng s OUT = MB4
sau s thc thi SWAP
a ch MB0 MB1 MB4 MB5
W#16#1234 12 34 34 12
Word MSB LSB MSB LSB
a ch MB0 MB MB2 MB3 MB4 MB5 MB6 MB7
DW#16#12345678 12 34 56 78 78 56 34 12
DWord MSB LSB MSB LSB
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-49
5.1.7. Chuyn i.
Lnh chuyn i
Ta s dng lnh CONVERT chuyn i mt
phn t d liu t mt kiu d liu ny sang mt kiu
d liu khc. Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v chn
cc kiu d liu IN v OUT t danh sch th xung.
Sau khi ta la chn kiu d liu chuyn i, mt danh sch nhng s chuyn
i c kh nng s c cho thy trong danh sch th xung chuyn i n. Nhng
s chuyn i t/n BCD16 b hn ch i vi kiu d liu Int. Nhng s chuyn i
t/n BCD32 b hn ch i vi kiu d liu DInt.
Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v chn cc kiu d liu t trnh n th xung.
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Byte,
Word, DWord, Real, LReal, BCD16, BCD32 Gi tr IN
OUT SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Byte,
Word, DWord, Real, LReal, BCD16, BCD32
Gi tr IN c chuyn i
sang mt kiu d liu mi
Trng thi
ENO Miu t Kt qu OUT
1 Khng c li Kt qu hp l
0 IN l +/ INF hay +/ NaN +/ INF hay +/ NaN
0 Kt qu vt qu phm vi hp l
ca kiu d liu OUT
OUT c t v cc byte c trng
s thp nht ca IN
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-50
Cc lnh lm trn v ct b
Lnh ROUND chuyn i mt s thc thnh
mt s nguyn. Phn phn s ca s thc c lm
trn n gi tr s nguyn gn nht (IEEE lm trn
n gn nht). Nu s thc nm chnh xc gia vng
gia 2 s nguyn th s thc ny c lm trn n s
nguyn chn. V d: ROUND(10,5) = 10 v
ROUND(11,5) = 12.
Lnh TRUNC chuyn i mt s thc thnh mt s nguyn. Phn phn s ca
s thc c ct b thnh 0 (IEEE lm trn thnh 0).
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN Real, LReal Ng vo du phy ng
OUT SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real,
LReal Ng ra c lm trn hay ct b
Trng thi ENO Miu t Kt qu OUT
1 Khng c li Kt qu hp l
0 IN l +/ INF hay +/ NaN +/ INF hay +/ NaN
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-51
Cc lnh CEIL v FLOOR
Lnh CEIL chuyn i mt s thc thnh s
nguyn nh nht ln hn hay bng s thc (IEEE
lm trn n dng v cng).
Lnh FLOOR chuyn i mt s thc thnh s
nguyn ln nht nh hn hay bng s thc (IEEE
lm trn n m v cng).
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN Real, LReal Ng vo du phy ng
OUT SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real, LReal Ng ra c chuyn i
Trng thi ENO Miu t Kt qu OUT
1 Khng c li Kt qu hp l
0 IN l +/ INF hay +/ NaN +/ INF hay +/ NaN
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-52
5.1.7.1. Cc lnh nh t l v chun ha.
Cc lnh nh t l v chun ha
Lnh SCALE_X nh t l ca thng s s thc
c chun ha VALUE, vi (0,0
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-53
Lu
Thng s VALUE trong lnh SCALE_X nn c hn ch trong khong
(0,0
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-54
Trng
thi ENO iu kin Kt qu OUT
1 Khng c li Kt qu hp l
0 Kt qu vt qu phm vi hp l
i vi kiu d liu OUT
Kt qu trung gian: phn c trng s nh nht ca
mt s thc u tin cho s chuyn i sau cng
sang kiu d liu OUT.
0 Thng s MAX
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-55
5.1.8. iu khin chng trnh.
Cc lnh nhy v ghi nhn
Ta s dng cc lnh iu khin chng trnh cho cc iu khin iu kin trong
chui thc thi:
Lnh JMP: nu c dng tn hiu n
mt cun dy JMP (LAD), hay nu tn
hiu vo hp JMP (FBD) l ng th sau
s thc thi chng trnh tip tc vi
lnh u tin theo nhn c ch nh.
Lnh JMPN: nu khng c dng
tn hiu i n mt cun dy JMP (LAD),
hay nu tn hiu vo hp JMP (FBD) l
sai th sau s thc thi chng trnh
tip tc vi lnh u tin theo nhn c
ch nh.
Lnh Label: nhn ni n cho lnh nhy JMP hay JMPN.
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
Label_name B nh danh nhn B nh danh cho cc lnh nhy v nhn lp trnh ni
n ca lnh nhy tng ng
Ta to ra cc tn nhn bng cch g trc tip trong lnh LABEL. Cc tn nhn
sn c cho trng tn nhn JMP v JMPN c th c chn bng cch s dng biu
tng tr gip thng s. Ta cn c th g mt tn nhn trc tip bn trong lnh JMP
hay JMPN.
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Lnh iu khin thc thi tr v gi tr (RET)
Ta s dng lnh RET kt thc s thc thi ca khi hin thi.
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
Return_Value Bool Thng s Return_Value ca lnh RET c gn cho
ng ra ENO ca khi gi hp trong khi ang gi
Lnh ty chn RET c s dng kt thc s thc thi ca khi hin thi.
Nu v ch nu c dng tn hiu i n cun dy RET (LAD) hay nu tn hiu vo ca
hp RET l ng (FBD) th sau s thc thi chng trnh ca khi hin thi s kt
thc ti im v cc lnh nm sau lnh RET s khng c thc thi. Nu khi hin
thi l mt OB, thng s Return_Value c b qua. Nu khi hin thi l mt FC
hay FB, gi tr thng s Return_Value c i qua tr v n on chng trnh
ang gi nh gi tr ENO ca hp c gi.
Ta khng c yu cu s dng lnh RET l cu lnh cui cng trong mt khi
v iu ny c thc hin mt cch t ng cho ta. Ta c th c nhiu lnh RET bn
trong mt khi n l.
Cc bc mu s dng lnh RET bn trong mt khi m FC:
1. To mt n mi v thm mt FC.
2. Chnh sa FC:
- Thm vo cc lnh t cy lnh.
- Thm vo lnh RET, bao gm mt trong cc i tng sau y cho thng s
Return_Value: TRUE, FALSE hay mt v tr b nh m nh r gi tr tr li
c yu cu.
- Thm vo cc lnh khc.
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3. Gi FC t MAIN[OB1]
Ng vo EN trn hp FC trong khi m MAIN phi l ng bt u s thc
thi ca FC.
Gi tr c xc nh bi lnh RET trong FC s hin din trn ng ra ENO ca
hp FC trong khi m MAIN, theo sau s thc thi ca FC m dng tn hiu n lnh
RET ca n l ng.
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CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-58
5.1.9. Cc php ton logic.
Cc lnh AND, OR v XOR
Lnh AND: cho cc kiu d liu Byte, Word v DWord
Lnh OR: cho cc kiu d liu Byte, Word v DWord
Lnh XOR: cho cc kiu d liu Byte, Word v DWord.
Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v la chn mt kiu d liu t trnh n th xung.
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN1, IN2 Byte, Word, DWord Cc ng vo logic
OUT Byte, Word, DWord Ng ra logic
Vic la chn kiu d liu t cc thng s IN1, IN2 v OUT v kiu d liu
ging nhau. Cc gi tr bit tng ng ca IN1 v IN2 c kt ni to ra mt kt
qu logic nh phn ti thng s OUT. ENO lun lun l TRUE theo s thc thi ca cc
lnh ny.
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Lnh ly b
Ta s dng lnh INV nhn c phn b 1 nh phn ca thng s IN. Phn
b 1 c thc hin bng cch o ngc gi tr bit ca thng s IN (thay i mi gi
tr 0 thnh 1 v mi gi tr 1 thnh 0). ENO lun lun l TRUE theo s thc thi ca
lnh ny.
Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v la chn mt kiu d liu t trnh n th
xung.
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Byte,
Word, DWord Phn t d liu ly b
OUT SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Byte,
Word, DWord Ng ra c ly b
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
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Cc lnh m ha v gii m
Lnh ENCO m ha mt mu bit
thnh mt s nh phn.
Lnh DECO gii m mt s nh
phn thnh mt mu bit.
Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v la chn mt kiu d liu t trnh n th
xung.
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN ENCO: Byte, Word, DWord
DECO: UInt
ENCO: mu bit m ha
DECO: gi tr gii m
OUT ENCO: Int
DECO: Byte, Word, DWord
ENCO: gi tr c m ha
DECO: mu bit c gii m
Lnh ENCO chuyn i thng s IN thnh mt s nh phn tng ng vi v tr
bit ca bit t c trng s nh nht trong thng s IN v tr kt qu n thng s OUT.
Nu thng s IN l 0000 0001 hay 0000 0000 th sau gi tr 0 c tr v n OUT.
Nu thng s IN l 0000 0000 th ENO c t l FALSE.
Lnh DECO gii m mt s nh phn t thng s IN, bng cch t v tr bit
tng ng trong thng s OUT ln gi tr 1 (tt c cc bit khc c t v 0). ENO
lun lun l TRUE theo s thc thi ca lnh DECO.
S la chn kiu d liu cho thng s OUT ca DECO gm Byte, Word hay
DWord lm gii hn phm vi hu dng ca thng s IN. Nu gi tr ca thng s IN
vt qu phm vi hu dng ny, mt php ton modulo c thc hin tch ra cc
bit c trng s nh nht c lit k di y:
Phm vi thng s IN ca lnh DECO:
IN 3 bit (cc gi tr t 0 n 7) c s dng t v tr 1 bit trong mt OUT
kiu Byte.
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IN 4 bit (cc gi tr t 0 n 15) c s dng t v tr 1 bit trong mt OUT
kiu Word.
IN 5 bit (cc gi tr t 0 n 31) c s dng t v tr 1 bit trong mt OUT
kiu DWord.
Gi tr IN trong DECO Gi tr OUT trong DECO (gii m v tr bit n)
OUT kiu Byte (8 bit)
Min. IN 0 0000 0001
Max. IN 7 1000 0000
OUT kiu Word (16 bit)
Min. IN 0 0000 0000 0000 0001
Max. IN 15 1000 0000 0000 0000
OUT kiu DWord (32 bit)
Min. IN 0 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001
Max. IN 31 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
Trng thi ENO iu kin Kt qu (OUT)
1 Khng c li S bit hp l
0 IN bng 0 OUT c t v 0
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Cc lnh la chn v chn knh
Lnh SEL gn mt trong hai gi tr ng vo n
thng s OUT, ph thuc vo gi tr thng s G.
Lnh MUX gn mt trong nhiu gi tr cc ng
vo n thng s OUT, ph thuc vo gi tr thng s
K. Nu gi tr thng s K vt qu phm vi hp l, gi
tr thng s ELSE s c gn n thng s OUT.
Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v la chn mt
kiu d liu t trnh n th xung.
SEL Kiu d liu Miu t
G Bool
Chuyn i b chn lc:
FALSE cho IN0
TRUE cho IN1
IN0, IN1 SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real, Byte,
Word, DWord, Time, Char Cc ng vo
OUT SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real, Byte,
Word, DWord, Time, Char Ng ra
MUX Kiu d liu Miu t
K UInt
Gi tr hm chn:
0 i vi IN0
1 i vi IN1
IN0, IN1,
SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real, Byte,
Word, DWord, Time, Char Cc ng vo
ELSE SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real, Byte,
Word, DWord, Time, Char
Gi tr thay th ng vo
(ty chn)
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CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-63
OUT SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt, UDInt, Real, Byte,
Word, DWord, Time, Char Ng ra
Cc bin s ng vo v bin s ng ra phi c kiu d liu ging nhau.
Lnh SEL lun lun la chn gia 2 gi tr IN.
Lnh MUX c hai thng s IN khi c t ln u tin trong trnh son tho
chng trnh, nhng n c th c m rng thm vo nhiu thng s IN.
S dng cc phng php sau y thm vo hay loi ra cc thng s ng vo
cho lnh MUX:
thm vo mt ng vo, nhp chut phi ln mt nhnh ct ng vo i vi
mt trong cc thng s IN ang tn ti v chn lnh Insert input.
loi ra mt ng vo, nhp chut phi ln mt nhnh ct ng vo i vi mt
trong cc thng s IN ang tn ti (khi c nhiu hn hai ng vo so vi nguyn
bn) v chn lnh Delete.
Cc m iu kin: ENO lun lun l TRUE theo s thc thi ca lnh SEL.
Trng thi
ENO (MUX) iu kin MUX Kt qu OUT (MUX)
1 Khng c li. Gi tr IN c chn c gn n OUT.
0
K ln hn hoc bng
s lng ca cc
thng s IN.
Khng c ELSE c cho: OUT khng b thay i
C ELSE c cho: gi tr ELSE c gn n OUT
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CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-64
5.1.10. Dch chuyn v xoay.
Lnh dch chuyn
Ta s dng cc lnh dch chuyn dch chuyn
mu bit ca thng s IN. Kt qu c gn n thng
s OUT. Thng s N xc nh s lng ca cc v tr
bit c dch chuyn.
SHR: dch chuyn mu bit sang phi
SHL: dch chuyn mu bit sang tri
Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v la chn mt kiu d liu t danh sch th
xung.
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN Byte, Word, DWord Mu bit dch chuyn
N UInt S v tr bit dch chuyn
OUT Byte, Word, DWord Mu bit sau s php dch chuyn
Vi N = 0, khng c dch chuyn xut hin v gi tr IN c gn n OUT.
Cc s 0 c dch chuyn vo trong cc v tr bit c xa rng bi php dch
chuyn.
Nu s lng cc v tr dch chuyn (N) vt qu s lng cc bit trong gi
tr gc (8 i vi Byte, 16 i vi Word v 32 i vi DWord), tt c cc gi tr
bit ban u sau s c dch chuyn ra ngoi v c thay th bng nhng
s 0 (tc l s 0 c gn n OUT).
ENO lun lun l TRUE i vi cc php dch chuyn.
www.TuDongHoaVietNam.net
-
N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-65
V d SHL i vi kch c d liu Word: dch chuyn cc s 0 t bn tri
IN 1110 0010 1010 1101 Gi tr OUT trc ln dch
chuyn u tin: 1110 0010 1010 1101
Sau dch chuyn tri u tin: 1100 0101 0101 1010
Sau dch chuyn tri th hai: 1000 1010 1011 0100
Sau dch chuyn tri th ba: 0001 0101 0110 1000
Lnh xoay
Ta s dng cc lnh xoay xoay mu bit ca thng s
IN. Kt qu c gn n thng s OUT. Thng s N
xc nh s lng ca cc v tr bit c xoay.
ROR: xoay mu bit sang phi
ROL: xoay mu bit sang tri
Ta nhp vo pha di tn hp v la chn mt kiu d liu t trnh n th xung.
Thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN Byte, Word, DWord Mu bit xoay
N UInt S lng cc v tr bit xoay
OUT Byte, Word, DWord Mu bit sau php xoay
Vi N = 0, khng c php xoay ny xut hin v gi tr IN c gn n OUT.
D liu bit c xoay ra ngoi mt bn ca gi tr gc s c xoay vo trong
pha bn kia ca gi tr gc , v vy khng c cc gi tr bit no b mt i.
Nu s lng ca cc v tr bit xoay (N) vt qu s lng ca cc bit trong
gi tr gc (8 i vi Byte, 16 i vi Word v 32 i vi DWord), php xoay
sau vn c thc hin.
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-
N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-66
ENO lun lun l TRUE theo s thc thi ca cc lnh xoay.
V d ROR i vi kch c d liu Word: xoay cc bit nm ngoi bn phi vo bn tri
IN 0100 0000 0000 0001 Gi tr OUT trc ln xoay u tin: 0100 0000 0000 0001
Sau ln xoay u tin: 1010 0000 0000 0000
Sau ln xoay th hai: 0101 0000 0000 0000
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-67
5.2. Tp lnh m rng.
5.2.1. Cc thng s li thng dng i vi tp lnh m rng.
Phn miu t lnh m rng din t cc li trong thi gian thi hnh m c th
xut hin trong mi lnh lp trnh. B sung cho cc li ny, cc li ph bin c lit
k di y cn c th xy ra. Khi mt khi m c thc thi v mt trong s cc li
thng dng xut hin, CPU s chuyn sang ch STOP nu ta khng s dng cc
lnh GetError hoc GetErrorID nm bn trong khi m to ra mt phn ng
c lp trnh i vi li.
Gi tr m iu kin (W#16#...) Miu t
8022 Vng qu nh cho tn hiu vo
8023 Vng qu nh cho tn hiu ra
8024 Vng tn hiu vo khng hp l
8025 Vng tn hiu ra khng hp l
8028 Gn bit ng vo khng hp l
8029 Gn bit ng ra khng hp l
8030 Vng ng ra l mt DB ch c (read only)
803A DB khng tn ti
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-68
5.2.2. Cc lnh m thi gian v lch.
Cc lnh ngy v gi
Ta s dng cc lnh ngy v gi lp trnh nhng tnh ton v lch v thi gian.
T_CONV chuyn i kiu d liu ca mt gi tr thi gian: (Time sang DInt)
hay (DInt sang Time)
T_ADD cng cc gi tr Time v DTL: (Time + Time = Time) hay (DTL +
DTL = DTL)
T_SUB tr cc gi tr Time v DTL: (Time Time = Time) hay (DTL Time
= DTL)
T_DIFF a ra s khc nhau gia hai gi tr DTL nh mt gi tr Time: DTL
DTL = Time
Kiu d liu Kch thc (bit) Cc phm vi hp l
Time (c lu tr) 32
T#24d_20h_31m_23s_648ms n
T#24d_20h_31m_23s_647ms
2.147.483.648 ms n +
2.147.483.647 ms
Cu trc d liu DTL
Nm: UInt 16 1970 n 2554
Thng: USInt 8 1 n 12
Ngy: USInt 8 1 n 31
Ngy trong tun: USInt 8 1 = Ch nht n 7 = Th by
Gi: USInt 8 0 n 23
Pht: USInt 8 0 n 59
Giy: USInt 8 0 n 59
Nano giy 32 0 n 999.999.999
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-
N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-69
Lnh T_CONV (Time Convert) chuyn i mt kiu
d liu Time sang mt kiu d liu DInt, hay chuyn
i ngc t kiu d liu DInt sang kiu d liu Time.
Thng s Kiu thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN IN DInt, Time Gi tr Time hay DInt ng vo
OUT OUT DInt, Time Gi tr Time hay DInt c chuyn i
Ta la chn cc kiu d liu IN v OUT t cc danh sch th xung c sn pha
di tn lnh.
T_ADD (Time Add) cng gi tr ng vo IN1 (kiu
DTL hay Time) vi gi tr ng vo IN2 kiu Time.
Thng s OUT mang li kt qu l gi tr DTL hay
Time.
C th thc hin hai php cng kiu d liu sau:
Time + Time = Time
DTL + Time = DTL
Thng s Kiu thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN1 IN DTL, Time Gi tr Time hay DTL
IN2 IN Time Gi tr Time cng vo
OUT OUT DTL, Time Tng Time hay DTL
La chn kiu d liu IN1 t danh sch th xung c sn pha di tn lnh.
Vic la chn kiu d liu IN1 cn thit lp kiu d liu ca thng s OUT.
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-
N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-70
Lnh T_SUB (Time Subtract) tr mt gi tr IN2 kiu
Time t gi tr IN1 kiu DTL hay kiu Time. Thng s
OUT mang li gi tr hiu nh mt kiu d liu DTL
hay Time.
C th thc hin hai php tr kiu d liu sau:
Time Time = Time
DTL Time = DTL
Thng s Kiu thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN1 IN DTL, Time Gi tr DTL hay Time
IN2 IN Time Gi tr Time tr
OUT OUT DTL, Time Hiu DTL hay Time
La chn kiu d liu IN1 t danh sch th xung c sn pha di tn lnh.
Vic la chn kiu d liu IN1 cn thit lp kiu d liu ca thng s OUT.
Lnh T_DIFF (Time Difference) tr mt gi tr DTL
ca IN2 t gi tr DTL ca IN1. Thng s OUT mang
li gi tr hiu nh mt kiu d liu Time.
DTL DTL = Time
Thng s Kiu thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN1 IN DTL Gi tr DTL
IN2 IN DTL Gi tr DTL tr
OUT OUT Time Hiu Time
Cc m iu kin: ENO = 1 ngha l khng c li xut hin. Cc li lm cho
ENO = 0 v thng s OUT = 0:
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-
N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-71
Gi tr DTL khng hp l
Gi tr Time khng hp l.
Cc lnh m thi gian
Ta s dng cc lnh m thi gian thit lp v c ng h h thng ca
PLC. Kiu d liu DTL c s dng mang li cc gi tr ngy v gi.
Cu trc DTL Kch thc Phm vi hp l
Nm: UInt 16 bit 1970 n 2554
Thng: USInt 8 bit 1 n 12
Ngy: USInt 8 bit 1 n 31
Ngy trong tun: USInt 8 bit 1 = Ch nht n 7 = Th by
Gi: USInt 8 bit 0 n 23
Pht: USInt 8 bit 0 n 59
Giy: USInt 8 bit 0 n 59
Nano giy: UDInt 32 bit 0 n 999.999.999
Lnh WR_SYS_T (Write System Time) thit lp ng
h thi gian trong ngy ca PLC vi mt gi tr DTL
ti thng s IN. Gi tr thi gian ny khng bao gm
mi gi a phng hay dch chnh thi gian tit
kim nh sng ngy.
Thng s Kiu thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN IN DTL Thi gian trong ngy thit lp trong
ng h h thng PLC
RET_VAL OUT Int M iu kin thc thi
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-72
Lnh RD_SYS_T (Read System Time) c thi gian h
thng hin thi t PLC. Gi tr ny khng bao gm mi
gi a phng hay dch chnh thi gian tit kim
nh sng ngy.
Thng s Kiu thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
RET_VAL OUT Int M iu kin thc thi
OUT OUT DTL Thi gian h thng PLC hin thi
Lnh RD_LOC_T (Read Local Time) a ra thi gian
a phng hin thi ca PLC nh mt kiu d liu
DTL.
Thng s Kiu thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
RET_VAL OUT Int M iu kin thc thi
OUT OUT DTL Thi gian a phng
Thi gian a phng c tnh ton bng cch s dng mi gi v dch
chnh thi gian tit kim nh sng ngy m ta thit lp trong phn cu hnh thit
b CPU Clock.
Vic cu hnh mi gi l mt s b p i vi thi gian h thng UTC
(Coordinated Universal Time).
Vic cu hnh thi gian tit kim nh sng ngy xc nh thng, tun, ngy v
gi khi thi gian tit kim nh sng ngy bt u.
Vic cu hnh gi tiu chun cn xc nh thng, tun, ngy v gi khi gi tiu
chun bt u.
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-
N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-73
dch chnh mi gi lun lun c p dng n gi tr thi gian h thng.
dch chnh thi gian tit kim nh sng ngy ch c p dng khi thi gian
tit kim nh sng ngy c hiu lc.
Cc m iu kin: ENO = 1 c ngha khng c li xut hin. ENO = 0 ngha l
mt li thc thi xut hin, v mt m iu kin c cung cp ti ng ra
RET_VAL.
RET_VAL (W#16#....) Miu t
0000 Khng c li
8080 Gi a phng khng c sn
8081 Gi tr nm khng hp l
8082 Gi tr thng khng hp l
8083 Gi tr ngy khng hp l
8084 Gi tr gi khng hp l
8085 Gi tr pht khng hp l
8086 Gi tr giy khng hp l
8087 Gi tr nano giy khng hp l
80B0 ng h thi gian thc b hng
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-
N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-74
5.2.3. Cc lnh chui v k t.
5.2.3.1. Tng quan chui d liu.
Kiu d liu String
D liu String c lu tr nh mt phn u c 2 byte c theo sau bi ti
a 254 byte k t ca cc m k t ASCII. Mt phn u String cha 2 di. Byte
u tin l di ti a c cho trong du ngoc vung khi khi ta khi chy mt
chui, hay mc nh bng 254. Byte th hai l di hin ti tc l s lng ca cc
k t hp l trong chui. di hin ti phi nh hn hoc bng di ti a. S
lng cc byte c lu tr c lp y bi nh dng String l ln hn 2 byte so vi
di ti a.
Khi chy d liu String
D liu ng vo v ng ra String phi c khi chy nh cc chui hp l
trong b nh, trc thc thi ca bt k cc lnh chui no.
D liu String hp l
Chui hp l c mt di ti a phi ln hn 0 nhng nh hn 255. di
hin ti phi nh hn hay bng di ti a.
Cc chui khng th c gn gi tr n cc vng nh I hay Q.
5.2.3.2. Cc lnh chuyn i chui.
Cc chuyn i chui thnh gi tr v gi tr thnh chui
Ta c th chuyn i chui k t s thnh cc gi tr s hay chuyn i cc gi
tr s thnh chui k t s bng nhng lnh sau:
S_CONV chuyn i (chui s sang mt gi tr s) hay (gi tr s sang mt
chui s).
STRG_VAL chuyn i mt chui s sang mt gi tr s vi cc ty chn nh
dng.
VAL_STRG chuyn i mt gi tr s sang mt chui s vi cc ty chn nh
dng.
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-75
Lnh S_CONV (String Convert) chuyn i mt chui
k t thnh gi tr tng ng, hay mt gi tr thnh mt
chui k t tng ng. S_CONV khng c cc ty
chn nh dng ng ra. iu ny lm cho lnh
S_CONV n gin hn, nhng km linh hot hn so
vi cc lnh STRG_VAL v VAL_STRG.
La chn cc kiu d liu thng s t cc danh sch th xung.
S_CONV (chuyn i chui thnh gi tr)
Thng s Kiu thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN IN String Chui k t ng vo
OUT OUT String, SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt,
UDInt, Real Gi tr s ng ra
Vic chuyn i ca thng s chui IN bt u ti k t u tin v tip tc cho
n v tr cui cng ca chui, hay n k t u tin c bt gp m khng phi l
t 0 n 9, +, hay .. Gi tr kt qu c cung cp ti v tr c xc
nh trong thng s OUT. Nu gi tr s ng ra khng nm va trong phm vi ca kiu
d liu OUT, thng s OUT sau c t v 0 v ENO c t l FALSE. Nu
khng, thng s OUT s cha mt kt qu hp l v ENO c t l TRUE.
Cc quy tc nh dng chui ng vo:
Nu mt du chm thp phn c s dng trong chui IN, ta phi dng k t
..
Cc k t du phy , c s dng nh mt phn cch hng ngn v bn tri
ca du chm thp phn th c cho php v c b qua.
Cc khong trng cch qung c b qua.
Ch c s biu th du chm c nh l c h tr. Cc k t e v E khng
c nhn ra l k hiu ly tha.
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-76
S_CONV (chuyn i gi tr thnh chui)
Thng s Kiu thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN IN String, SInt, Int, DInt, USInt, UInt,
UDInt, Real Gi tr s ng vo
OUT OUT String Chui k t ng ra
Mt gi tr s nguyn, gi tr s nguyn khng du hay gi tr du chm ng
ca IN c chuyn i sang chui k t tng ng ti OUT. Thng s OUT phi
tham chiu mt chui hp l trc khi s chuyn i c thc thi. Mt chui hp l
gm c mt di chui cc i trong byte u tin, di chui hin thi trong byte
th hai v cc k t chui hin thi trong cc byte k tip. Chui c chuyn i s
thay th cc k t trong chui OUT bt u ti k t u tin v iu chnh byte di
hin thi ca chui OUT. Byte di ti a ca chui OUT th khng b thay i.
C bao nhiu cc k t c thay th l ph thuc vo kiu d liu thng s IN
v gi tr s. S lng ca cc k t c thay th phi nm va trong di chui ti
thng s OUT. di chui ti a (byte u tin) ca chui OUT nn ln hn hay
bng s lng c mong i ti a ca cc k t c chuyn i.
Bng sau y th hin di chui c th c ti a c yu cu i vi mi
kiu d liu c h tr.
Kiu d
liu IN
S lng ti a ca cc k t
c chuyn i trong chui OUT V d
di chui tng bao gm cc
byte di cc i v hin thi
USInt 3 255 5
SInt 4 128 6
UInt 4 65535 7
Int 6 32768 8
UDInt 10 4294967295 12
DInt 11 2147483648 13
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-77
Cc quy tc nh dng chui ng ra:
Cc gi tr c ghi n thng s OUT khng s dng mt du + cch qung.
S biu th du chm c nh c s dng (khng c k hiu ly tha).
K t du chm . c s dng biu th du chm thp phn khi thng s
IN l kiu d liu Real.
Lnh STRG_VAL
Lnh STRG_VAL (String to Value) chuyn i mt
chui k t s thnh mt s nguyn tng ng hay mt
biu th du chm ng.
Vic chuyn i bt u trong chui IN ti k t dch chnh P v tip tc cho
n v tr cui ca chui, hay n k t u tin c bt gp m khng phi l +,
, ., ,, e, E hay t 0 n 9. Kt qu c t ti v tr c xc nh bi
thng s OUT.
Thng s P cn c tr v nh mt gi tr m dch chnh trong chui ban u
ti v tr m s chuyn i c chm dt. D liu chui phi c khi chy trc s
thc thi nh mt chui hp l trong b nh.
Thng s Kiu thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN IN String Chui k t ASCII chuyn i
FORMAT IN Word Cc ty chn nh dng ng ra
P IN_OUT UInt
IN: ch mc n k t u tin dng
chuyn i (k t u tin = 1)
OUT: ch mc n k t tip theo sau khi
tin trnh chuyn i kt thc
OUT OUT SInt, Int, DInt, USInt,
UInt, UDInt, Real Gi tr s c chuyn i
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-78
Thng s FORMAT ca STRG_VAL
Thng s FORMAT i vi lnh STRG_VAL c xc nh di y. Cc v tr bit
khng c s dng phi c t v 0.
Bit
16
Bit
8
Bit
7
Bit
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 f r
f = nh dng k hiu:
1 = k hiu ly tha
0 = k hiu du chm c nh
r = nh dng chm thp phn:
1 = , (k t du phy)
0 = . (k t du chm)
FORMAT nh dng k hiu Biu th chm thp phn
0000 (mc nh)
Du chm c nh
.
0001 ,
0002
Ly tha
.
0003 ,
0004 n FFFF Cc gi tr khng hp l
Cc quy tc i vi chuyn i STRG_VAL:
Nu k t du chm . c s dng cho du chm thp phn, khi cc du
phy , v bn tri ca chm thp phn c din dch nh l cc k t phn
cch phn ngn. Cc k t du phy c cho php v c b qua.
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-79
Nu k t du phy , c s dng cho du chm thp phn, khi cc du
chm . v bn tri ca chm thp phn c din dch nh l cc k t phn
cch phn ngn. Cc k t du chm c cho php v c b qua.
Cc khong trng cch qung c b qua.
Lnh VAL_STRG
Lnh VAL_ STRG (Value to String) chuyn i mt s
nguyn, mt s nguyn khng du, hay mt gi tr du
chm ng thnh mt biu din chui k t tng ng.
Gi tr c biu din bi thng s IN c chuyn i
thnh mt chui c tham chiu bi thng s OUT.
Thng s OUT phi l mt chui hp l trc khi s chuyn i c thc thi. Chui
c chuyn i s thay th cc k t trong chui OUT bt u ti gi tr m dch
chnh k t P n s lng cc k t c xc nh bi thng s SIZE. S lng cc
k t trong SIZE phi nm va trong di chui OUT, tnh t v tr k t P. Lnh
ny hu dng cho vic nhng vo cc k t s vo trong mt chui vn bn. V d, ta
c th t s 120 vo trong chui Pump pressure = 120 psi.
Thng s Kiu thng s Kiu d liu Miu t
IN IN
SInt, Int, DInt,
USInt, UInt, UDInt,
Real
Gi tr chuyn i
SIZE IN USInt S lng cc k t c dng ghi vo
chui OUT
PREC IN USInt chnh xc hay kch thc ca phn phn
s. Khng bao gm du chm thp phn.
FORMAT IN Word Cc ty chn nh dng ng ra
P IN_OUT UInt
IN: ch mc n k t chui OUT u tin
dng thay th (k t u tin bng 1)
OUT: ch mc n k t chui OUT tip theo
sau s thay th
OUT OUT String Chui c chuyn i
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-80
Thng s PREC xc nh chnh xc hay s lng cc con s cho phn phn
s ca chui. Nu gi tr thng s IN l mt s nguyn, PREC xc nh v tr ca du
chm thp phn. V d, nu gi tr d liu l 123 v PREC = 1 th kt qu l 12.3.
chnh xc c h tr ti a i vi kiu d liu Real l 7 con s.
Nu thng s P ln hn kch thc hin thi ca chui OUT, khi cc khong
trng s c thm vo, cho n v tr P, v kt qu c ni thm vo n v tr cui
ca chui. Vic chuyn i kt thc nu chiu di chui OUT ti a c t n.
Thng s FORMAT ca lnh VAL_STRG
Thng s FORMAT i vi lnh VAL_ STRG c xc nh di y. Cc v
tr bit khng c s dng phi c t v 0.
Bit
16
Bit
8
Bit
7
Bit
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 s f r
s = k t du ca s:
1 = s dng k t du + v
0 = ch s dng k t du
f = nh dng k hiu:
1 = k hiu ly tha
0 = k hiu du chm c nh
r = nh dng chm thp phn:
1 = , (k t du phy)
0 = . (k t du chm)
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-81
FORMAT (Word) K t du ca s nh dng k hiu Biu th chm thp phn
W#16#0000
Ch
Du chm c nh
.
W#16#0001 ,
W#16#0002
Ly tha
.
W#16#0003 ,
W#16#0004
+ v
Du chm c nh
.
W#16#0005 ,
W#16#0006
Ly tha
.
W#16#0007 ,
W#16#0008 n
W#16#FFFF Cc gi tr khng hp l
Cc quy tc nh dng chui thng s OUT:
Cc k t khong trng cch qung c cng vo phn ngoi cng bn tri ca
chui khi chui c chuyn i nh hn kch thc c xc nh.
Khi bit du ca thng s FORMAT l FALSE, cc gi tr kiu d liu s
nguyn khng du v c du c ghi n b m ng ra m khng c du +
cch qung. Du c s dng nu cn.
.
Khi bit du l TRUE, cc gi tr kiu d liu s nguyn khng du v c du
c ghi n b m ng ra lun lun c mt k t du cch qung.
.
Khi FORMAT c thit lp biu th ly tha, cc gi tr kiu d liu Real
c ghi n b m ng ra nh sau:
< con s> . E
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N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-82
Khi FORMAT c thit lp biu th du chm c nh, cc gi tr kiu d
liu s nguyn khng du, s nguyn c du v s thc c ghi n b m
ng ra nh sau:
.
Cc s 0 cch qung nm bn tri ca chm thp phn (ngoi tr con s k cn
vi chm thp phn) b xa b.
Cc gi tr nm bn phi ca chm thp phn c lm trn nm va trong
s lng cc con s bn phi chm thp phn c xc nh bi thng s
PREC.
Kch thc ca chui ng ra phi t nht ln hn 3 byte so vi s lng cc con
s nm bn phi ca chm thp phn.
Cc gi tr c cn chnh bn phi trong chui ng ra.
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-
N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-83
Cc iu kin c thut li bi ENO
Khi mt li b bt gp trong sut hot ng chuyn i, cc kt qu sau y s
c tr v:
ENO c t v 0.
OUT c t v 0, hay nh c th hin trong cc v d v vic chuyn i
chui sang gi tr.
OUT khng b thay i, hay nh c th hin trong cc v d khi OUT l mt
chui.
Trng thi
ENO Miu t
1 Khng c li.
0 Thng s khng hp l hay khng ng quy tc, v d truy xut vo mt DB
khng tn ti.
0 Chui khng ng quy tc khi chiu di ti a ca chui l 0 hay 255.
0 Chui khng ng quy tc khi chiu di hin thi ln hn chiu di ti a.
0 Gi tr s c chuyn i qu ln i vi kiu d liu OUT c xc nh.
0 Kch c chui ti a ca thng s OUT phi ln nhn mt s lng
cc k t c xc nh bi thng s SIZE, bt u t v tr k t thng s P.
0 Gi tr P khng ng quy tc khi P = 0 hay P ln hn di chui hin thi.
0 Thng s SIZE phi ln hn thng s PREC.
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-
N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-84
Cc v d v chuyn i chui thnh gi tr S_CONV
Chui IN Kiu d liu OUT Gi tr OUT ENO
123 Int/DInt 123 TRUE
00456 Int/DInt 456 TRUE
123.45 Int/DInt 123 TRUE
+2345 Int/DInt 2345 TRUE
00123AB Int/DInt 123 TRUE
123 Real 123.0 TRUE
123.45 Real 123.45 TRUE
1.23e-4 Real 1.23 TRUE
1.23E-4 Real 1.23 TRUE
12,345.67 Real 12345.67 TRUE
3.4e39 Real 3.4 TRUE
-3.4e39 Real -3.4 TRUE
1.17549e-38 Real 1.17549 TRUE
12345 SInt 0 FALSE
A123 N/A 0 FALSE
N/A 0 FALSE
++123 N/A 0 FALSE
+-123 N/A 0 FALSE
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-
N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-85
Cc v d v chuyn i gi tr thnh s S_CONV
Kiu d liu Gi tr IN Chui OUT ENO
UInt 123 123 TRUE
UInt 0 0 TRUE
UDInt 12345678 12345678 TRUE
Real -INF INF FALSE
Real +INF INF FALSE
Real NaN NaN FALSE
Cc v d v chuyn i STRG_VAL
Chui IN FORMAT
(W#16#...)
Kiu d liu
OUT Gi tr OUT ENO
123 0000 Int/DInt 123 TRUE
00456 0000 Int/DInt 456 TRUE
123.45 0000 Int/DInt 123 TRUE
+2345 0000 Int/DInt 2345 TRUE
00123AB 0000 Int/DInt 123 TRUE
123 0000 Real 123.0 TRUE
-00456 0001 Real -456.0 TRUE
+00456 0001 Real 456.0 TRUE
123.45 0000 Real 12345.0 TRUE
123,45 0001 Real 123.45 TRUE
.00123AB 0001 Real 123.0 TRUE
1.23e-4 0000 Real 1.23 TRUE
1.23E-4 0000 Real 1.23 TRUE
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-
N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-86
1.23E-4 0002 Real 1.23E-4 TRUE
12,345.67 0000 Real 12345.67 TRUE
12,345.67 0001 Real 12.345 TRUE
3.4e39 0002 Real +INF TRUE
-3.4e39 0002 Real -INF TRUE
1.17549e-38
(v nh hn) 0002 Real 0.0 TRUE
12345 N/A SInt 0 FALSE
A123 N/A N/A 0 FALSE
N/A N/A 0 FALSE
++123 N/A N/A 0 FALSE
+-123 N/A N/A 0 FALSE
Cc v d v chuyn i VAL_STRG
Cc v d da trn mt chui OUT c khi chy nh sau:
Current Temp = xxxxxxxxxx C
K t x biu th cc k t khong cch c phn b cho gi tr c chuyn i.
Kiu d liu
Gi tr IN P SIZE FORMAT
(W#16#...) PREC Chui OUT ENO
UInt 123 16 10 0000 0 Current Temp =
xxxxxxx123 C TRUE
UInt 0 16 10 0000 2 Current Temp =
xxxxxx0.00 C TRUE
UDInt 12345678 16 10 0000 3 Current Temp =
x12345.678 C TRUE
UDInt 12345678 16 10 0001 3 Current Temp =
x12345,678 C TRUE
Int 123 16 10 0004 0 Current Temp =
xxxxxx+123 C TRUE
Int -123 16 10 0004 0 Current Temp =
xxxxxx-123 C TRUE
Real -0.00123 16 10 0004 4 Current Temp =
xxx-0.0012 C TRUE
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-
N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-87
Real -0.00123 16 10 0006 4 Current Temp =
-1.2300E-3 C TRUE
Real -INF 16 10 N/A 4 Current Temp =
xxxxxx-INF C FALSE
Real +INF 16 10 N/A 4 Current Temp =
xxxxxx+INF C FALSE
Real NaN 16 10 N/A 4 Current Temp =
xxxxxxxNaN C FALSE
UDInt 12345678 16 6 N/A 3 Current Temp =
xxxxxxxxxx C FALSE
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-
N HC PHN 2A GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI
CHNG 5: TP LNH LP TRNH Trang 5-88
5.2.3.3. Cc lnh vn hnh chui.
Chng trnh iu khin c th s dng cc lnh chui v
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