chronology from the gilded age to the 1920s timeline self-test to use this show, go to view and...
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Chronology from the Gilded Age to the 1920s Timeline Self-Test To use this show, go to view and click “notes page.”
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Click slowly, think before you click next Try to guess the answer Remember, if it is italicized, know it well; if it is in bold,
know it really well
1877-1896
Corruption during Gilded Age—give examples
BossTweed=Tammany; Credit Mobilier; Whiskey Ring; Sec. War Belnap=bribes
1880s
Name is “ism”: Chinese Exclusion Act (’82); American Protective Assoc. (’87) vs. Catholics/foreigners
Nativism
1881
Helen Hunt Jackson writes about mistreatment of Indians; starts reform movement—name the book
A Century of Dishonor
1883
Ends spoils system; begins civil service (what, not who, you know to get a job)—name the act
Pendleton Act
1886
States can’t regulate railroads; leads to Interstate Commerce Act of 1887—name the Supreme Court case
Wabash v. Illinois (1886) Case
1887
Civilize Indians; give them 160 acres; end reservation system; reform plan fails -- name the act
Dawes Severalty Act
1869 on
Wyoming Terr. grants women vote in ’69; other West states follow; SE U.S. lags
Answer: Women’s Suffrage in West
1840s-1940s
Plains Indian way of life destroyed; Buffalo grass removed for crops makes land ripe for “dust bowl” in times of drought; contaminated H2O sources—what are we talking about here
Environmental impacts of western settlement
1893
“Significance of Frontier” = the frontier promoted certain personality traits—practical, inventive, restless, individualistic, all of which helped to create the American character. Name the author of this thesis and name the thesis.
Frederick Jackson Turner and the Frontier Thesis
1880s on
Companies join to create monopolistic combines to control trade/commerce
Trusts
1873, 84, 93
Business failures every decade; unemployment; strikes; labor strife
Panics or recessions
1880s, 90s
More crops=lower prices; farmers want inflation and railroad regulation
Farmers’ problems
1890
To prevent combinations in restraint of trade; 1st used against striking workers—name the act
Sherman Antitrust Act
1890s, 1892
“free silver”, initiative, referendum, direct elec. of sen., rr ownership, income tax—name the “ism”
Populism
1896
Democrats ’96; Bryan, Cross of Gold; inflation to help farmers; lost this one to Republicans—name the issue
Free Silver
1896
“Separate but equal” is OK says USSC; sanctions Jim Crow; Brown(1954) reverses—name the Supreme Court case
Plessy v. Ferguson
1896
McKinley for gold standard and high tariff beats Bryan; farmers lose
Election of 1896
1850s on
Process to make steel; U.S. becomes industrial giant; Masabi Iron Ore range—name the process
Bessemer process
1880s on
Rockefeller buys out competition, controls oil industry; robber baron; trust—name the “integration”
Horizontal integration
1880s on
Carnegie controls all phases of production, from mine to finished steel—name the kind of “integration”
Vertical Integration
1886 on
Strong craft unions; more conservative; Samuel Gompers = leader 1886-1924—name the union
American Federation of Labor
1869-1890s
Early labor union; blamed for Haymarket Riot of 1886—declines thereafter
Knights of Labor
1886
Chicago; anarchist bomb; Knights of Labor blamed; labor loses—name the riot
Haymarket Riot
1892
Carnegie Steel Works; governor crushes strike with many troops; labor loses-name the strike
Homestead Strike
1894
American Railway Workers/Eugene V. Debs; U.S. troops used; labor loses—name the strike
Pullman Strike
1830s on
Name some technological improvements in industry from the 1830s on
sew mach, lights, typewriter, telephone, elevator, assembly line = rise in business
1899
Andrew Carnegie; wealthy must share money to help society—name the idea or philosophy
Gospel of Wealth
1900s
Walter Rauschenbusch; Hell’s Kitchen (NY); must help the poor; Sheldon=WWJD—name the idea or philosophy
Social Gospel
1880s
Survival of fittest applied to society; poor deserve it; savage defense of wealth—name the “ism”
Social Darwinism
1900s
African Americans, unions, socialists, Progressives, feminists, writers want change—name them in general
Social critics and dissenters
1890-1920
Jews, Italians, Croats, Greeks, Poles, Slovaks; cheap labor; nativist reaction
Immigration largely from Eastern and Southeastern Europe
1890
Jacob Riis; book on dirt, disease, vice, and misery of the rat-infested slums in NYC—name the book
How the Other Half Lives
Early 1900s
Name some City problems Slums; machine politics/corruption;
water/sewer problems; gangs/crime
1890s on
Settlement house; kids day care; English classes; cultural activities; reformist—name the woman and the name of the house she founded
Hull House = Jane Addams
1900 or so
Culture and entertainment—name some isms and forms of entertainment
Socialism, progressivism, pragmatism; baseball, football, circus, vaudeville
1890-1914
Fanatical patriotism; big-navy advocates; support Sp-Amer War and expansion—name the “ism”
Jingoism
1890s
Yellow journalism=lurid headlines/little regard for truth/circulation war/NYC—name the two newspaper publishers
Jos. Pulitzer/Will. Rand Hearst
1890
Capt. Alfred Thayer Mahan’s book prompts desire for big navy; jingoism—name the book
Influence of Sea Power Upon History
1898
Maine; Hearst/Pulitzer; free Cuba; keep Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico; empire—name the war
Spanish-American War
1898-1902
Filipino leader vs. U.S. occupation; savage war for few years; leader captured—name the leader
Aguinaldo
1898
Formed to oppose keeping Philippines; M. Twain, Sam. Gompers, And. Carnegie—name the organization
Anti-Imperialist League
1899-1900
Sect. of State John Hay: nations in China to respect Chinese terr. integrity and allow fair trade—name the policy
Open Door Policy
1904-1914
TR takes strip from Columbia and builds canal to facilitate U.S. ship movement—name the canal
Panama Canal
1904-05
TR brokers peace, wins Nobel Peace Prize—name the war
Russo- Japanese War
1904-05
TR will collect customs in Carib; keep Brit/Ger out; corollary to Monroe Doctrine
Roosevelt Corollary
1909-13
Pres. Taft promotes business investment in Latin America/Asia in lieu of force—name this kind of diplomacy
Dollar Diplomacy
1913-1921
Pres. Wilson wants to promote human rights/democracy; reflects his idealism—name this kind of diplomacy
Moral diplomacy
1900-1920
Urban middle-class for reforms: TR’s 3Cs; clean govt; welfare; democratic reforms—name the “ism”
Progressivism
1880s on
Kids learn by doing; philosophy=truth of idea=does it work in practice—name the philosopher/educator and the “ism” attached to his name
John Dewey Pragmatism
1880s on
Locals get rid of corruption in cities and install honest, capable officials—name the “League”
Good Government League
1900 on
Progressives: ini=people pass law; ref=legis. asks people; rec=get rid of officials—what are the names of these three Progressive political reforms
Initiative, Referendum, Recall
Early 1900s
McClure’s: Steffens/corruption in
cities;Tarbell/Standard Oil;Sinclair/meat-packing—what do we call these journalists/writers
Muckrakers
1906
Sinclair exposes Chicago meat-packing industry; leads to reform (Meat Insp. Act)—name the book
The Jungle
1904
Steffens exposes corruption in cities; leads to “Good Govt. Leagues” and reform—name the book
The Shame of the Cities
1904
Tarbell exposes Standard Oil abuses; Taft files antitrust; company broken up(1911)—name Tarbell’s book
History of Standard Oil Co.
1906
Prevent the contamination and mislabeling or packaging of foodstuffs—name the act
Pure Food and Drug Act
1906
Inspect and condemn bad meat; response to Sinclair’s The Jungle—name the act
Meat Inspection Act
1903
Prohibits railroad rebates—name the act Elkins Act
1906
Free passes on railroads prohibited; ICC can set rr rates on complaint of shipper—name the act
Hepburn Act
1895
Booker T. Washington accommodationist speech= blacks should work with hands—name the speech
Atlanta Compromise Speech
1890-1920
W.E.B. DuBois detests Washington; demands equality now; founds N.A.A.C.P. –name the movement
Niagara Movement
1909 on
Fights Jim Crow through legal action; Brown v. Board (1954) great victory—name the organization
N.A.A.C.P.
1920s
Black leader (NYC); back-to-Africa; economic self-sufficiency for African Amer.—name the leader
Marcus Garvey
1901-1909
To help labor but expands to 3Cs: control corps, consumer prot, conservation—what do you call T.R.’s program
T.R.’s “Square Deal
1910-1912
Growth of big business OK if checked by growth of big regulatory power in Wash.—what is the name of TR’s program here
T.R.’s New Nationalism
1910
Taft fires TR’s friend Pinchot; angers TR; splits TR from Taft; Reps lose in 1912—name the controversy
Pinchot-Ballinger Controversy
1909
Taft angers Dems and Prog Reps with this 41% tariff (helps split Republicans)—name the tariff
Payne-Aldrich Tariff
1791-1913
Name the chief source of revenue for the federal government to 1913 (after which the income tax takes over)
Customs duties (tariffs)
1912-1914
1) Tariff (lower to 27%); 2) Federal Reserve Act; 3) Clayton Act protects unions—what do you call Wilson’s program here
Wilson’s New Freedom
1914
This organization prohibits unfair trade practices; consistent with New Freedom of Wilson—name the organization
Federal Trade Commission
1913
Creates 12 banks to issue paper money and regulate economy via interest rates—name the act
Federal Reserve Act
1913-1920
Identify the Prog Era Const Amendments 16th=income tax; 17th=direct elec. senators;
18th=prohibition; 19th=women vote
1900-1920
Identify Women’s roles in this period In College; settlement houses; reform
movements; temperance/prohibition
1917
What caused the U.S. to get into World War I
Germans sank U.S. ships; British trade soars; German trade drops; U.S. pro-Brit.
1914-1917
Wilson urged this; impossible due to pro-British, anti-German attitudes and practices
Neutral in thought and action
1915
Germans pledge to not attack passenger ships without giving proper warning—name the pledge
Arabic Pledge
1916
Germans pledge to not attack passenger ships without giving proper warning-again—name the pledge
Sussex Pledge
1915
D.W. Griffith glorifies KKK in racist movie that is popular—name the movie
Birth of A Nation
1917-1918
Name the federal agency charged with organizing the economy for war; largely voluntary efforts here (compare with more coercive governmental intervention in WWII)
War Industries Board
1917-1918
WWI on the Home Front—name some domestic activities
Factories reorganized to make bombs; draft started; women go to work; farm products rise; victory gardens; blacks move to cities; food and fuel administrations promote conservation; war (savings) bonds raise money for war effort; anti-German/anti-Socialist sentiment prompts Espionage and Sedition Acts
1-8-18
Address to Congress: No secret alliances; arms reduction; league of nations—provide the name to this address
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
1918-1920
Opposed League; opposed Treaty; beat Wilson badly (cf. with U.N. after WWII)—name the senator
Senator Henry Cabot Lodge
1919
What does League Article X provide Article X says U.S. to defend member of
League if attacked; Lodge opposed
1919-1920
A.G. Palmer leads raids; anti-communist hysteria; many jailed or deported—what do we call this
Red scare
1917 on
Comment on African American Migration during and after WWI
Blacks go to jobs in North and West, creating their own communities in new areas
1921-1922
Washington Conference—name some issues Isolationist pacts; disarm navy; respect Open
Door; respect possessions in Asia
1921-1923
Name Harding scandals
Teapot Dome (oil leases for bribes: Sect. of Interior Albert Fall leases oil lands to Doheny and Sinclair); Veterans Administration head Forbes stole millions from U.S.
1921-1929
Pro-business; antitrust laws ignored; tax cuts for wealthy; high tariffs—name the two Republican presidents involved here
Harding and Coolidge
1920s
Also known as the “Roaring ‘20s”: black music migrates North; Louis Armstrong—name the “age”
Jazz Age
1920s
Langston Hughes; literary blossoming of racial pride/culture in Harlem—what do we call this phenomenon
Harlem Renaissance
1919-1933
18th Amendment says no alcohol; crime flourishes (Capone); 21st Amendment in ’33 repeals—what do we call it
Prohibition
1920s
Conservatives/Fundamentalists struggled with these trends in 1920s—name the “ism”
Modernism
1840s on
1840s/50s=anti-Irish/Ger; 1880s Chinese; 1908, 1924=Japanese; 1924=Europeans—name the “ism”
Nativism
1925
Scopes Trial—give some details
Dayton, Tennessee: John Scopes convicted of teaching evolution but Fundamentalists (Bryan) look bad
1920s
Anti-Catholic, Anti-Jew, Anti-foreign: for white Protestants; many members—name the organization
KKK
1920s
Comment on women in the 20s
Flapper=independence; vacuum cleaner, refrig=liberation; jobs=freedom
1920s
Promotes birth control as alternative to poverty and crime; she was persecuted—name her
Margaret Sanger
1920s
Fitzgerald=This Side of Paradise; Hemingway=The Sun Also Rises(booze and sex)—what name do we give to this generation
“Lost Generation”
1920s-1940s
Wash. Conf. ’21-’22; Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact ’28; Nye Report; Neutrality laws ‘35,’36,’37—name the “ism”
Isolationism
1920s-1930s
U.S. loan $ to Ger; Ger pays Brit/Fr: Brit/Fr pay loans to U.S.: mess—name the problem and the 1924 plan to solve the problem
The problem involves WWI reparations payments
The name of the 1924 plan to solve the problem is the Dawes Plan
1920s
Farm problems in 1920s—name some Overproduction=lower prices; Coolidge
vetoes farm price support laws (McNary-Haugen Farm Relief Act)
1920s
Model T revolutionizes travel; cheap; reliable; freedom—name the man and his company
Henry Ford and the Ford Motor Co
1921, 1924
Immigration Restriction—what is essential about the 1924 act
1924 Immigration Act = 2% of 1890 #s in U.S. from any nation; no Japanese
See next slide for map
1920s
Buy refrigerators, cars, vacuum cleaners, radios on credit; lower hours, higher pay—name the “ism”
Consumerism
1928
Nations renounce war as instrument of foreign policy; hollow but nice—name the pact/treaty
Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact
1920s
For blacks and women, name something that characterizes a new sense of freedom or liberation for both during the ’20s
Blacks=Harlem Renaissance; women=flapper
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