cho-chenregression of distributional politics in democratization: a comparative study on civil...
Post on 04-Apr-2018
218 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/31/2019 Cho-ChenRegression of Distributional Politics in Democratization: A Comparative Study on Civil Society, Social Movements, and Institutional Politics in South Korea and Taiwan
1/22
Regression of DistributionalPolitics in Democratization:A Comparative Study on Civil Society, Social Movements, and Institutional
Politicsin South Korea and Taiwan
CHO Hee-Yeon, Sungkonghoe Univ. S.Korea
CHEN Hsin-Hsing. Shi-Hsin Univ. Taiwan
-
7/31/2019 Cho-ChenRegression of Distributional Politics in Democratization: A Comparative Study on Civil Society, Social Movements, and Institutional Politics in South Korea and Taiwan
2/22
1. Consolidated Democracies with Increasing
Inequality
2. Theoretical and conceptual frameworks
3. Institutional politics under change
4. Social movements and distributionalpolitics
5. Changes in the civil society
-
7/31/2019 Cho-ChenRegression of Distributional Politics in Democratization: A Comparative Study on Civil Society, Social Movements, and Institutional Politics in South Korea and Taiwan
3/22
Consolidated Democracieswith Increasing Inequality
Reforms in immediate aftermath of the fall ofdictatorship under post-authoritarianadministrations
Failed expectation of progressive
distributional politics under the Liberaladministrations and popular discontent
Resurgence of conservatism
-
7/31/2019 Cho-ChenRegression of Distributional Politics in Democratization: A Comparative Study on Civil Society, Social Movements, and Institutional Politics in South Korea and Taiwan
4/22
Fig. 1: Indices of Income Inequalit
0.2
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.3
0.32
0.34
0.36
1964
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
G ini's conc entration c oeffic ientR atio of inco me s hare of highes t 20% to that
Record Low:1980
Record High :2001
-
7/31/2019 Cho-ChenRegression of Distributional Politics in Democratization: A Comparative Study on Civil Society, Social Movements, and Institutional Politics in South Korea and Taiwan
5/22
Declining until 1997Crisis
-
7/31/2019 Cho-ChenRegression of Distributional Politics in Democratization: A Comparative Study on Civil Society, Social Movements, and Institutional Politics in South Korea and Taiwan
6/22
Democratic reform and distributionalpolitics
Two components of the anti-dictatorshipdemocratic movement
Democratic reform politics overcoming the dictatorial legacies;
enhancing transparency, vertical and horizontalaccountability
Distributional politics enhancing economic equalities
mitigating various social discriminations and inequalities
-
7/31/2019 Cho-ChenRegression of Distributional Politics in Democratization: A Comparative Study on Civil Society, Social Movements, and Institutional Politics in South Korea and Taiwan
7/22
Main argument
While democratic reform politics is largelysuccessful in S. Korea and Taiwan, there is aregression in distributional politics in bothcountries.
Political-sociological analysis of this requiresexamination of interrelated developments in: Institutional politics
Social movements
Civil Society
-
7/31/2019 Cho-ChenRegression of Distributional Politics in Democratization: A Comparative Study on Civil Society, Social Movements, and Institutional Politics in South Korea and Taiwan
8/22
Theoretical and conceptualframeworks
Democratization as a multi-layered de-monopolization
Two contradictory liberalizations Freedom for the peoplepolitical liberalization
Freedom for the capitaleconomic liberalization Democratization as contestation process
between two "liberated" forces
Contestation over socio-economic inequality
depends on: Configuration of institutional politics
Configuration of social movements
Hegemony within the civil society
-
7/31/2019 Cho-ChenRegression of Distributional Politics in Democratization: A Comparative Study on Civil Society, Social Movements, and Institutional Politics in South Korea and Taiwan
9/22
Regime ofdevelopmen
t anddictatorship
Liberation from repression andexpansion of autonomy
Empowerment of people andCS(fortune of political liberalization)
Expansion of the market autonomy andeconomic opening and liberalization
Empowerment of capital andmarket(disaster of economicliberalization
Economicliberalization
Political
liberalization
Dual process of democratization
Institutional politicsIn the new democracy
Social movementsHegemony
in thecivil society
-
7/31/2019 Cho-ChenRegression of Distributional Politics in Democratization: A Comparative Study on Civil Society, Social Movements, and Institutional Politics in South Korea and Taiwan
10/22
Contesting Forces in DistributionalPolitics
-
7/31/2019 Cho-ChenRegression of Distributional Politics in Democratization: A Comparative Study on Civil Society, Social Movements, and Institutional Politics in South Korea and Taiwan
11/22
Maximalist vs. minimalist visions ofdemocracy
Maximalist Democracy as merely institutional arrangements, or Hollow out of democracy
Favored by establishment
Minimalist Democratization in all social domains
socialization of democracy
Favored by the formerly suppressed people
Intrinsic in the idealistic character of democracy
-
7/31/2019 Cho-ChenRegression of Distributional Politics in Democratization: A Comparative Study on Civil Society, Social Movements, and Institutional Politics in South Korea and Taiwan
12/22
Institutional Politics under Change
Commonalities between South Korea andTaiwan Democratic Reform in Hegemonic
Position
Political lag and pressure for democraticreform in post-authoritarian period
Neoliberalization of political liberals
The Third-Wave and Neoliberaldevelopmentalism second wavenational liberation,
decolonization
third wave globalization, neoliberalism
-
7/31/2019 Cho-ChenRegression of Distributional Politics in Democratization: A Comparative Study on Civil Society, Social Movements, and Institutional Politics in South Korea and Taiwan
13/22
Institutional politics in S. Korea
Reforms initiated under post-authoritariangovernments
IMF directives implemented by the KimDae-jung government
Strong constraints from capital and marketforces
Positive achievemenst under the Kim Dae-
jung government Corruption scandals
-
7/31/2019 Cho-ChenRegression of Distributional Politics in Democratization: A Comparative Study on Civil Society, Social Movements, and Institutional Politics in South Korea and Taiwan
14/22
Institutional Politics in Taiwan
Centrality of electoral politics Reforms initiated under the post-authoritarian
government
Reversal of the State-Business Hierarchy
Ethnicity, Taiwan-China relations, and the DPPadministration Changes in the ethnicity issue
Corruption scandals
-
7/31/2019 Cho-ChenRegression of Distributional Politics in Democratization: A Comparative Study on Civil Society, Social Movements, and Institutional Politics in South Korea and Taiwan
15/22
Revenues of Top 100 Taiwanese BusinessGroups
-
7/31/2019 Cho-ChenRegression of Distributional Politics in Democratization: A Comparative Study on Civil Society, Social Movements, and Institutional Politics in South Korea and Taiwan
16/22
-
7/31/2019 Cho-ChenRegression of Distributional Politics in Democratization: A Comparative Study on Civil Society, Social Movements, and Institutional Politics in South Korea and Taiwan
17/22
Social movements in South Korea
Peoples Movement viz. Civic movementsStrength of the Trade-Union Movement
Table 1: Growth Rates of Labor Productivity and Real Wage in SouthKorea
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Labor Productivity (%) 6.5 1.6 6.0 3.2 3.0 5.2 4.9 6.1 4.2
Real Wage (%) 7.8 14.6 9.4 7.5 8.4 7.0 6.1 6.4 6.6
-
7/31/2019 Cho-ChenRegression of Distributional Politics in Democratization: A Comparative Study on Civil Society, Social Movements, and Institutional Politics in South Korea and Taiwan
18/22
Social movements in S. Korea
Social movements under the democraticadministration Radical party and pressure on the liberal parties
Compromise in 1998 revision of the labor law
Casualization of work Limitations of the Civic Movements
Crisis of the Labor movement Fragmented labor market
-
7/31/2019 Cho-ChenRegression of Distributional Politics in Democratization: A Comparative Study on Civil Society, Social Movements, and Institutional Politics in South Korea and Taiwan
19/22
Social Movements in Taiwan
Distinctive characters: Lack of distinction between old and new social
movements
Long-lasting movements limited to several sectors
Schisms inside the movement often reflect partisan
electoral politics Coalition building and structurelessness of organizations
Transcending partisan politics
State-Social Movement Interactions
Administrative Reforms and the committee politics Legislative reforms
Weaker and slower judicial reforms
-
7/31/2019 Cho-ChenRegression of Distributional Politics in Democratization: A Comparative Study on Civil Society, Social Movements, and Institutional Politics in South Korea and Taiwan
20/22
Changes in the civil society in South Korea
Hegemony of democratic reform under post-authoritarian administrations
Resurgence of conservative tendencies Backlash toward redressing past injustices
Entanglement of the liberals with corruption Neoliberal policies harm common people
Failure of the reform to change the deep-rootedconservative consciousness
-
7/31/2019 Cho-ChenRegression of Distributional Politics in Democratization: A Comparative Study on Civil Society, Social Movements, and Institutional Politics in South Korea and Taiwan
21/22
Changes in civil society in Taiwan
Democratic values as politically correct 2010 Foxconn controversy
Three strands of conservatism Pro-unification
Pro-Independence politically neutral social conservatives
Emergence of civic organizations under post-authoritarian governments
Versatile characters of the civic organizations Wildlife conservationists in the petrochemical
controversy
-
7/31/2019 Cho-ChenRegression of Distributional Politics in Democratization: A Comparative Study on Civil Society, Social Movements, and Institutional Politics in South Korea and Taiwan
22/22
Conclusions
Hegemony of democratic reforms underminedduring the liberal administrations
Histtory-rooted anti-bureaucratic sentimentsand the neoliberalization of liberals
Capacity of the social movements still existdespite conservative backlash
top related