chemistry higher level paper 1 - ib documents past papers - subject...21 sc 44.96 39 y 88.91 la...

2212-6107 19 pages

M12/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ1/XX

Tuesday 8 May 2012 (afternoon)

CHEMISTRYHIgHER lEvElPaPER 1

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.• Answer all the questions.• For each question, choose the answer you consider to be the best and indicate your choice on

the answer sheet provided.• The periodic table is provided for reference on page 2 of this examination paper.• The maximum mark for this examination paper is [40 marks].

1 hour

© International Baccalaureate Organization 2012

22126107

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88 Ra

(226

)

56 Ba13

7.34

38 Sr87

.62

20 Ca

40.0

8

12 Mg

24.3

1

4 Be 9.012

‡†

89 ‡

Ac

(227

)

57 †

La13

8.91

39 Y88

.91

21 Sc 44.9

6

90 Th23

2.04

58 Ce

140.

12

72 Hf

178.

49

40 Zr 91.2

2

22 Ti47

.90

91 Pa23

1.04

59 Pr14

0.91

73 Ta18

0.95

41 Nb

92.9

1

23 V50

.94

92 U23

8.03

60 Nd

144.

24

74 W18

3.85

42 Mo

95.9

4

24 Cr

52.0

0

55 Cs

132.

91

37 Rb

85.4

7

19 K39

.10

11 Na

22.9

9

3 Li 6.941 H 1.011 Fr87 (223

)

Ato

mic

num

ber

Elem

ent

Rela

tive

atom

ic m

ass

93 Np

(237

)

61 Pm14

6.92

75 Re

186.

21

43 Tc 98.9

1

25 Mn

54.9

4

94 Pu (242

)

62 Sm15

0.35

76 Os

190.

21

44 Ru

101.

07

26 Fe 55.8

5

95 Am

(243

)

63 Eu15

1.96

77 Ir19

2.22

45 Rh

102.

91

27 Co

58.9

3

96 Cm

(247

)

64 Gd

157.

25

78 Pt19

5.09

46 Pd10

6.42

28 Ni

58.7

1

97 Bk (247

)

65 Tb15

8.92

79 Au

196.

97

47 Ag

107.

87

29 Cu

63.5

5

The

Peri

odic

Tab

le

98 Cf

(251

)

66 Dy

162.

50

80 Hg

200.

59

48 Cd

112.

40

30 Zn 65.3

7

99 Es (254

)

67 Ho

164.

93

81 Tl20

4.37

49 In11

4.82

31 Ga

69.7

2

13 Al

26.9

8

5 B10

.81

3

100

Fm (257

)

68 Er16

7.26

82 Pb20

7.19

50 Sn11

8.69

32 Ge

72.5

9

14 Si28

.09

6 C12

.01

4

101

Md

(258

)

69 Tm16

8.93

83 Bi20

8.98

51 Sb12

1.75

33 As

74.9

2

15 P30

.97

7 N14

.01

5

102

No

(259

)

70 Yb

173.

04

84 Po (210

)

52 Te12

7.60

34 Se78

.96

16 S32

.06

8 O16

.00

6

103

Lr (260

)

71 Lu17

4.97

85 At

(210

)

53 I12

6.90

35 Br 79.9

0

17 Cl

35.4

5

9 F19

.00

7

86 Rn

(222

)

54 Xe

131.

30

36 Kr

83.8

0

18 Ar

39.9

5

10 Ne

20.1

8

2 He

4.000

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1. Howmanyatomsofhydrogenarein0.500molofCH3OHmolecules?

A. 231.20 10×

B. 233.01 10×

C. 236.02 10×

D. 241.20 10×

2. Calciumcarbonatereactswithhydrochloricacidaccordingtothefollowingequation.

3 2 2 2CaCO (s) 2HCl(aq) CaCl (aq) CO (g) H O(l)+ → + +

Whatisthetheoreticalyield,inmol,ofcalciumchlorideif0.10molCaCO3isaddedto100cm3of

1.0moldm–3HCl?

A. 0.050

B. 0.10

C. 0.20

D. 0.50

3. Afixedmassofanidealgasat27.0 C° and 51.01 10× Pahasavolumeof100cm3. Whichchangedoublesthevolumeofthegas?

A. Heatingthegasatconstantpressureto54.0 C° .

B. Heatingthegasatconstantpressureto327 C° .

C. Increasingthepressureonthegasto 52.02 10× Paatconstanttemperature.

D. Heatingthegasto54.0 C° andincreasingthepressureto 52.02 10× Pa.

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4. Whichisotopehasanatomicnumberof9andamassnumberof19?

A. 9F

B. 19K

C. 19F

D. 28Si

5. Whatistheorderinwhichtheenergysub-levelsareoccupiedaccordingtotheAufbauprinciple?

A. 5s,5p,4d

B. 4d,5s,5p

C. 5s,4d,5p

D. 5s,5d,5p

6. Whichspeciesareintheorderofincreasingionicradius?

A. Cl–<K+<S2– B. K+<Cl–<S2–

C. Cl–<S2–<K+

D. S2–<Cl–<K+

7. Whichcombinationofdescriptionsiscorrectfortheoxidesofperiod3elements?

Chlorine Magnesium Silicon Sodium

A. basic acidic basic acidic

B. acidic basic basic basic

C. basic acidic acidic acidic

D. acidic basic acidic basic

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8. WhataretheelectronconfigurationsofCu,Cu+andCu2+?

Cu Cu+ Cu2+

A. [Ar]4s2 3d9 [Ar]4s2 3d8 [Ar]4s2 3d7

B. [Ar]4s2 3d9 [Ar]4s1 3d9 [Ar] 3d9

C. [Ar]4s2 3d9 [Ar] 3d10 [Ar] 3d9

D. [Ar]4s1 3d10 [Ar] 3d10 [Ar] 3d9

9. WhatisthecorrectnumberofcentresofnegativechargeforcarbonandtheshapeofH2CO?

C

H

OH

Centres of negative charge on C-atom Shape

A. 3 trigonalpyramidal

B. 3 trigonalplanar

C. 4 trigonalpyramidal

D. 4 trigonalplanar

10. Whichstatementaboutintermolecularforcesiscorrect?

A. The intermolecular force between H2 molecules is hydrogen bonding, because H2 has temporarydipoles.

B. TheintermolecularforcesbetweenPH3moleculesaregreater than the intermolecularforcesbetweenNH3molecules,becausetheyhaveagreatermass.

C. TheintermolecularforcebetweenH2moleculesishydrogenbonding,becauseH2haspermanentdipoles.

D. The intermolecular forces between Br2 molecules are van der Waals’, because Br2 has temporarydipoles.

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11. Whichsubstancesaresolubleinhexane,C6H14?

I. C8H18

II. CH4

III. H2O

A. IandIIonly

B. IandIIIonly

C. IIandIIIonly

D. I,IIandIII

12. DiagramsIandIIshowtwoporbitalsonadjacentatomsindifferentrelativeorientations.

I II

Whichtypesofbondsareformedwhentheorbitalsoverlap?

Orientation I Orientation II

A. σ σ

B. π π

C. π σ

D. σ π

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13. Whichmoleculeshavedelocalizedπelectrons?

I. C6H6

II. CH3COOH

III. O3

A. IandIIonly

B. IandIIIonly

C. IIandIIIonly

D. I,IIandIII

14. Whataretheunitsforspecificheatcapacity?

A. kJkgK

B. kJkgK–1

C. kJkg–1K

D. kJkg–1K–1

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15. Ineachoftwodifferentexperiments,AandB,asolutionofsodiumhydroxideisaddedtoasolutionofhydrochloricacid.Theinitialtemperatureofeachsolutionis25 C° .

ExperimentA ExperimentB

Whichstatementiscorrect?

A. ThehighestrecordedtemperatureofexperimentAislowerthanthehighestrecordedtemperatureofexperimentB.

B. Thehighestrecordedtemperatureofbothexperimentsisequal.

C. TheheatproducedinexperimentAislowerthantheheatproducedinexperimentB.

D. Theheatproducedinbothexperimentsisequal.

50cm3

1.0moldm–3NaOH(aq)50cm3

1.0moldm–3NaOH(aq)

50cm3

1.0moldm–3HCl(aq)100cm3

1.0moldm–3HCl(aq)

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16. ThediagramrepresentstheBorn–Habercycleforthelatticeenthalpyofsodiumchloride.

WhatisthenameoftheenthalpychangesI,IIandIII?

I II III

A. ionizationenergyofNa electronaffinityofCl latticeenthalpyofNaCl

B. latticeenthalpyofNaCl ionizationenergyofNa electronaffinityofCl

C. electronaffinityofCl ionizationenergyofNa latticeenthalpyofNaCl

D. ionizationenergyofNa latticeenthalpyofNaCl electronaffinityofCl

17. Whichstatementsaboutentropyforthefollowingreactionat298Karecorrect?

2 22NO(g) O (g) 2NO (g)+ →

I. 2(O ) 0S =Ö

II. 2 22 (NO ) 2 (NO) (O )S S S S= − −Ö Ö Ö Öë

III. < 0S Öë

A. IandIIonly

B. IandIIIonly

C. IIandIIIonly

D. I,IIandIII

III

III

Na (g) Cl (g)+

122Na (g) Cl (g)+

122Na (s) Cl (g)+

NaCl(s)

H

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18. Whichreactionisspontaneousathightemperatures,butnotatlowtemperatures?

A. 4 2 2 2CH (g) 2O (g) CO (g) 2H O(g)+ → + 0H <ë

B. 3 2CaCO (s) CO (g) CaO(s)→ + 0H >ë

C. 2 2Fe(s) Cl (g) FeCl (s)+ → 0H <ë

D. 2 32C(s) 2H O(g) CH COOH(l)+ → 0H >ë

19. TheMaxwell–Boltzmanncurvebelowshowsthedistributionofkineticenergiesfortheparticlesinasampleofgas.

Numberofparticles

KineticEnergy

Whichistheshapeofthecurveforthesamesampleofgasatahighertemperature?Allgraphsaredrawntothesamescale.

A. Numberofparticles

B. Numberofparticles

KineticEnergy KineticEnergy

C. Numberofparticles

D. Numberofparticles

KineticEnergy KineticEnergy

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20. ThedecompositionofN2O5occursaccordingtothefollowingequation.

2 5 2 22N O (g) 4NO (g) O (g)→ +

ThereactionisfirstorderwithrespecttoN2O5.Whatcombinationofvariablescouldtheaxesrepresentonthegraphbelow?

y

x

x-axis y-axis

A. time [N2O5]

B. [N2O5] time

C. [N2O5] rateofreaction

D. rateofreaction [N2O5]

21. Whatistheeffectofanincreaseintemperatureontherateconstantoftheforwardreaction,k,andontheequilibriumconstant,Kc,ofanexothermicreversiblereaction?

A. kdecreases,Kcincreases

B. kincreases,Kcdecreases

C. kdecreases,Kcdecreases

D. kincreases,Kcincreases

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22. Thegraphrepresentstheratesoftheforwardandbackwardreactionsofareversiblereaction.

Rateofreaction

Time

Whichstatementiscorrect?

A. XWZrepresentstherateoftheforwardreaction.

B. AtY,therateoftheforwardandbackwardreactionsiszero.

C. BetweenWandZ,theconcentrationsofproductsandreactantsareequal.

D. BetweenYandW,theconcentrationofthereactantsincreases.

23. Aliquidanditsvapourareatequilibriuminasealedcontainer.Whichofthefollowingincreaseasthecontainerisheated?

I. Themassoftheliquid.

II. Thevapourpressureoftheliquid.

III. Therateofvaporizationoftheliquid.

A. IandIIonly

B. IandIIIonly

C. IIandIIIonly

D. I,IIandIII

X

W Z

Y

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24. Whichareconjugateacid/basepairsaccordingtotheBrønsted–Lowrytheory?

I. NH4+/NH3

II. HCOOH/HCOO–

III. H2SO4/SO42–

A. IandIIonly

B. IandIIIonly

C. IIandIIIonly

D. I,IIandIII

25. AnaqueoussolutionXreactswithasolidY,toproduceaflammablegas.WhichofthefollowingsuggestionscouldsubstancesXandYbe?

X Y

A. nitricacid,HNO3 calciumcarbonate,CaCO3

B. sulfuricacid,H2SO4 zinc,Zn

C. hydrochloricacid,HCl copper,Cu

D. sodiumhydroxidesolution,NaOH aluminumoxide,Al2O3

26. Whichiscorrectforaweakacid,HA,withconcentration0.01moldm–3at298K?

A. [H+]< –21 10×

B. pH<2

C. [OH–]< –121 10×

D. pOH>12

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27. WhichsalthasthelowestpHwhendissolvedinwater?

A. KNO3

B. CH3COONa

C. Na2CO3

D. [Fe(H2O)6]Cl3

28. WhichofthefollowingmixtureswouldresultinthepKaoftheacidbeingobtainedfromadirectpHmeasurementoftheresultingsolution?

A. 25cm30.1moldm–3HCland25cm30.1moldm–3NaCl

B. 25cm30.1moldm–3NaOHand25cm30.1moldm–3CH3COOH

C. 12.5cm30.1moldm–3CH3COOHand25cm30.1moldm–3NaOH

D. 12.5cm30.1moldm–3NaOHand25cm30.1moldm–3CH3COOH

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29. Anaqueoussolutionofaweakacidcontaininganindicatoristitratedwithastrongbase,resultinginthefollowingtitrationcurve.

pH

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0Volumeofbase

AtwhichpHdoesthebufferregionoccur?

A. Between4.5and5.5

B. Between7.5and9.5

C. At9.5

D. At12

30. Theequationfortheredoxreactionbetweenacidifieddichromateandiodideionsisshownbelow.

2– – 32 7 2 2Cr O (aq) 6I (aq) 14H (aq) 2Cr (aq) 3I (aq) 7H O(l)+ ++ + → + +

Whichisthereductionhalf-equation?

A. –26I (aq) 6e 3I (aq)−+ →

B. –26I (aq) 3I (aq) 6e−→ +

C. 2– 32 7 2Cr O (aq) 14H (aq) 6e 2Cr (aq) 7H O(l)+ − ++ + → +

D. 2– 32 7 2Cr O (aq) 14H (aq) 2Cr (aq) 7H O(l) 6e+ + −+ → + +

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31. Theequationfortheoverallreactioninavoltaiccellis:

2 2Cu (aq) Zn (s) Cu (s) Zn (aq)+ ++ → +

Whichstatementsarecorrectforthiscell?

I. Cuisthepositiveelectrode.

II. Negativeionsflowfromthezincsolutiontothecoppersolution.

III. Chemicalenergyisconvertedintoelectricalenergyduringthisreaction.

A. IandIIonly

B. IandIIIonly

C. IIandIIIonly

D. I,IIandIII

32. Whichstatementiscorrectforthefollowingspontaneousreaction?

3 – 222Fe (aq) 2Br (aq) 2Fe (aq) Br (aq)+ ++ → +

A. 0E <Öë andBr2isabetteroxidizingagentthanFe3+.

B. 0E <Öë andBr–isabetterreducingagentthanFe2+.

C. 0E >Öë andFe3+isabetteroxidizingagentthanBr2.

D. 0E >Öë andFe2+isabetterreducingagentthanBr–.

33. Whichcombinationofelectrodesandelectrolytecouldbeusedtoplateaspoonwithsilver?

Negative electrode (cathode)

Positive electrode (anode) Electrolyte

A. silver spoon sulfuricacidsolution

B. spoon silver sulfuricacidsolution

C. silver spoon silvernitratesolution

D. spoon silver silvernitratesolution

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34. WhichstatementsaboutCH3CH2CHOarecorrect?

I. ItcanbeoxidizedtoCH3CH2COOH.

II. ItcanbeproducedbyoxidationofCH3CH2OH.

III. ItcanbereducedtoCH3CH2CH2OH.

A. IandIIonly

B. IandIIIonly

C. IIandIIIonly

D. I,IIandIII

35. Whichreactionofbut-2-eneproduces2-chlorobutane?

A. Additionreactionwithchlorine B. Substitutionreactionwithhydrogenchloride

C. Substitutionreactionwithchlorine

D. Additionreactionwithhydrogenchloride

36. Whatarethecorrectnamesofthereactiontypesshown?

3 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3CH CH CH ClCH CH CH HOCH CH CH→ →I II

I II

A. nucleophilicsubstitution oxidation

B. free-radicalsubstitution oxidation

C. nucleophilicsubstitution nucleophilicsubstitution

D. free-radicalsubstitution nucleophilicsubstitution

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37. What is the name of the substance below?

H C

H

H

C

CH3

CN

CH3

A. Pentanenitrile

B. 2-methyl-2-propanenitrile

C. 2,2-dimethylpropanenitrile

D. 1,1-dimethylethanenitrile

38. What is the correct order of increasing rate of reaction between the following halogenoalkanes and a warm aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide?

A. CH3F < CH3Cl < (CH3)2CHCl

B. CH3Cl < CH3F < (CH3)2CHCl

C. CH3Cl < (CH3)2CHCl < CH3F

D. (CH3)2CHCl < CH3Cl < CH3F

39. Which statements are correct for the nylon shown below?

2 4 2 6 n[ OC(CH ) CONH(CH ) NH ]

I. It is produced by condensation polymerization.

II. It is a polyamide.

III. One of its monomers is H2N(CH2)6NH2.

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

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40. Astudentmeasured themassofasolidonananalyticalbalanceduringan internallyassessed IBpracticalexperimentandrecordedthemassinhisrawdata.Theaccuracyofthebalance,asstatedbythemanufacturers,was±0.01g. Whichof thefollowingchoiceswouldbe thebest recordofhismass?

A. 10.2g B. 10g

C. 10.20g

D. 10.200g