chapter 5 violation of norms. judge dresses down man over t-shirt a young man showed up for a court...
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Chapter 5
Violation of norms
Judge dresses down man over T-shirt
A young man showed up for a court hearing wearing a obscene T-shirt. “It was inappropriate, to say the least,” according to the judge. The man tried to make a joke out of it but the judge considered the shirt openly contemptuous and stated the man should have known better. “It says on the summons that proper attire is required.”
Questions to answer Why are dress norms violated? What are some specific examples of
dress norm violations? How can dress norm violations vary?
Violation of norms Based on the assumption that a society or group
agrees on some norms from which an individual’s behavior can deviate
Deviant behavior is dysfunctional Makes social life unpredictable Causes confusion about norms and values Undermines trust about people’s behavior Diverts resources to control the behavior
Reasons for norm violation Culture change Location Transmission Values and motives Physical conditions Environmental conditions Demands on resources Temporal incompatibilities between statuses Normative system itself Internalization
Culture change Refers to modification of norms at
different periods of time
Culture change
Location Geographical locality Different parts of the country have local
norms that apply to dress For example, California-casual
Transmission Not all individuals receive Comparable instruction Equivalent contact Consistent examples Regarding appropriate and
inappropriate dress And consequences of norm
violation
Gender-role socialization Boys and girls socialized differently with
regard to dress norms Boys do not receive the same training
about aesthetic rules that girls do Boys less knowledgeable about dress
norms, thus, Boys more likely to violate dress norms
Gender-role socialization
Gender-role socialization
Masculinity—defined as what it is NOT Not feminine Effeminate—a male who is similar to or
imitates the behavior, appearance, or speech of females
Changes in cultural views of masculinity Metrosexual—an urban male who has a
strong aesthetic sense and spends time and money on his appearance
Metrosexual male
Stereotypes about cultural categories Different social positions (age, gender) Different contexts (historical, social, cultural) Lead to different interpretation of norms Stereotypes are resistant to change
Frame transformation Refers to a process whereby groups take a negative concept (e.g.,
white trash) and try to turn it into something positive in order to create a sense of belonging and
pride E.g., hippie chic
Consequences of norm violation Newspaper articles Other mass media Report examples of sanctions daily Not everyone is equally exposed to the
examples Mass media—means of communication
designed to reach the general population
Report of consequences of norm violation
Agencies of socialization Conflict is unavoidable School vs. family – contradictory purposes Church vs. adolescent peer group Families vs. mass media Conflict within a single family
Conflict betweensocialization agencies
Attachment to significant others Significant others—parents, teachers,
peers Help children accept conventional norms Anticipated disapproval of others Lack of proper socialization—not
influenced by “What would people think?”
Socialization
Secondary group socialization Peer group socialization Distinguish group by deliberate violation of
conventional norms Norm violation a way of expressing allegiance
to a group
Values and motives Different values, different motives =
different ideas of the legitimacy of norms Motive: That which causes an individual’s
action Choice between personal and collective
values
What caused her to wear socks with sandals?
Conformity to fashion norms Gain friendship and approval Reduce fear of ridicule and disapproval Maintain or increase security Boredom leads to restlessness Search for uniqueness, individualism,
novelty, to escape boredom Adopt new and innovative fashions
Normative socialization theory Behavior is response to sanctions Traditional environment – rewarded for
conformity to conventional dress norms Non-traditional environment – rewarded
for non-traditional dress
Non-traditionaldress
Gang Group of people, usually young, who band
together for purposes generally considered to be deviant or criminal by the larger society
Gang members—reject conventional dress but conform to gang dress code
Members of Crips gangWhat is the gang dress code?
Physical Conditions Bodily state over which an individual has
no control Inability to meet normative demands Old, asymmetrical facial features, physical
disability, large bone structure Violate norms of being young, slim,
beautiful, and perfect
Old age is a physical condition
Bodily states that present obstacles Facial features—plastic surgery, makeup Disabilities—jeans, shoes do not fit Wheelchairs—barriers Color blindness—inherited Blindness
Stereotypes contribute to obstacles
Bodily state that presents obstacles
Environmental Conditions Ecological state such as
Temperature Humidity Precipitation
Professional dress in warmer weather
Demands on resources Time, money, energy Lack of sufficient
resources Competing demands—
food vs. clothing
Prom: Demands on resources Extravagant display of consumerism Reflection of social status Fashion faux pas – mistake – to wear same
dress to a prom as another girl Exclusivity and fit—important attributes of
a prom dress How to pay for the prom
Temporal incompatibilities between statuses Unprepared to make a change from a
status at one life stage to a later status Psychologically Socially Technically
Transition to a succeeding status involves inherent difficulties
Pre-teen to adolescence; adult to old age
Transition from young adult to middle-age
Adolescence Early adolescence—ages 12-18 Late adolescence—ages 18-22 Emerging adulthood Lingo—specialized set of terms requiring
that it be learned like a language Jargon—language used by a particular
group Fashion Maven—an expert in fashion
Age-appropriatedressing foradolescents?
The normative system itself Some norms are uncontrollable elements of a
situation in which an individual must try to conform to other norms
Concurrent but competing statuses result in role conflict
Role strain—roles associated with a single status are in opposition to one another
Social role—standardized set of expectations Gender roles vs. occupational roles
Role strain?Role conflict?
Internalization Adoption of others’ attitudes, beliefs, and values,
either consciously or unconsciously Norms become a part of an individual’s
motivational system Committed to norms as being “right” Not all people internalize cultural norms Resistance to norm violation—commitment to
norms and an ability to justify to the self the moral reasons for not deviating
Norms become a part of an individual’s motivational system
Committed to norms as being “right”; refuse tobuy fur
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