chapter 5 interactive lecture

Chapter 5The United States and International Affairs

5.1 The United States Looks Outward

Task Focus/Bellwork #1Study the political cartoon below and on the board. Answer the following questions in the lines below. List the key objects in the cartoon and describe what each represents. Identify the cartoon caption and/or title. Describe the action taking place in the cartoon. Explain the message of the cartoon.

ImperialismEco

nom

ic R

easo

ns • wanted U.S. to

control foreign regions and resources and to exercise greater control over international economic markets

• One reason was more economic markets and greater potential for economic growth

• More land and resources the less U.S. has to rely on imports

• More land means more resources to export

Mili

tary

Reaso

ns

• Felt needed to expand to remain secure

• Alfred T. Mahan • Convincing

case that U.S. must build a powerful navy if it wanted to be a world power and protect interest abroad

Nati

on

al S

pir

t an

d

Dest

iny

• Frederick Jackson Turner• Expansion

was essential to maintain the U.S. spirit and keep the nation strong

ImperialismEco

nom

ic R

easo

ns • wanted U.S. to

control foreign regions and resources and to exercise greater control over international economic markets

• One reason was more economic markets and greater potential for economic growth

• More land and resources the less U.S. has to rely on imports

• More land means more resources to export

Mili

tary

Reaso

ns

• Felt needed to expand to remain secure

• Alfred T. Mahan • Convincing

case that U.S. must build a powerful navy if it wanted to be a world power and protect interest abroad

Nati

on

al S

pir

t an

d

Dest

iny

• Frederick Jackson Turner• Expansion

was essential to maintain the U.S. spirit and keep the nation strong

ImperialismEco

nom

ic R

easo

ns • wanted U.S. to

control foreign regions and resources and to exercise greater control over international economic markets

• One reason was more economic markets and greater potential for economic growth

• More land and resources the less U.S. has to rely on imports

• More land means more resources to export

Mili

tary

Reaso

ns

• Felt needed to expand to remain secure

• Alfred T. Mahan • Convincing

case that U.S. must build a powerful navy if it wanted to be a world power and protect interest abroad

Nati

on

al S

pir

t an

d

Dest

iny

• Frederick Jackson Turner• Expansion

was essential to maintain the U.S. spirit and keep the nation strong

ImperialismEco

nom

ic R

easo

ns • wanted U.S. to

control foreign regions and resources and to exercise greater control over international economic markets

• One reason was more economic markets and greater potential for economic growth

• More land and resources the less U.S. has to rely on imports

• More land means more resources to export

Mili

tary

Reaso

ns

• Felt needed to expand to remain secure

• Alfred T. Mahan • Convincing

case that U.S. must build a powerful navy if it wanted to be a world power and protect interest abroad

Nati

on

al S

pir

t an

d

Dest

iny

• Frederick Jackson Turner• Expansion

was essential to maintain the U.S. spirit and keep the nation strong

• Saw it was responsibility and destiny to spread democracy around the world

• Many whites believed that U.S. should exercise control over “less fit” and “inferior” races and nations

Manifest Destiny

• Poem in response to U.S. conquest of the Philippines during the Spanish-American war

• Whites believed a more obligation to “civilize” and “help lesser peoples”

“The White Man’s Burden”

• Saw it was responsibility and destiny to spread democracy around the world

• Many whites believed that U.S. should exercise control over “less fit” and “inferior” races and nations

Manifest Destiny

• Poem in response to U.S. conquest of the Philippines during the Spanish-American war

• Whites believed a more obligation to “civilize” and “help lesser peoples”

“The White Man’s Burden”

• Saw it was responsibility and destiny to spread democracy around the world

• Many whites believed that U.S. should exercise control over “less fit” and “inferior” races and nations

Manifest Destiny

• Poem in response to U.S. conquest of the Philippines during the Spanish-American war

• Whites believed a more obligation to “civilize” and “help lesser peoples”

“The White Man’s Burden”

Political Cartoon #1According to this cartoon, how has the US changed from 1798 to 1898? What is the role of Manifest Destiny in this cartoon?

You will copy and answer the questions about each political cartoon on a sheet of paper.

Political Cartoon Assignment

Political Cartoon #2What does this assume about the nature of people outside of the US? What belief is this grounded in?

Political Cartoon #3Does the woman seem to like her new bonnet? What does this tell us about America at this time?

Political Cartoon #4Why is President Roosevelt dressed as a police officer?

Political Cartoon #5According to this cartoon, what impact will colonies have on the US?

Political Cartoon #6What is the message of this cartoon?

5.2 Areas of U.S. Involvement

AlaskaSeward’s Folly-Secretary of State William Seward purchased Alaska from Russia-People saw this as a mistake-Seward saw it as an economic potential with its land rich of resources

Hawaii-Business started investing in sugar plantations in early 1800’s-Plantations owners gained economic control over island and struggled for power with Hawaiian monarchy-Plantation owners and U.S. overthrew Queen Liliuokalani -Hawaii annexed in 1898

The Philippines-Gained from the Spanish-American war-U.S. citizen did not understand why U.S. wanted to own something on the other side of the world-Roosevelt and others saw as crucial for protecting U.S. economic interest in Southeast Asia-Emilio Aguinaldo held an uprising against the U.S.-Used guerilla warfare – strategy in which a weaker army or force strikes quickly and retreats before enemy retaliates-U.S. finally captured Aguinaldo after two years of fighting-Became independent nation in 1946Panama-President William McKinley was assassinated in 1901-Theodore Roosevelt became president-Roosevelt envisioned a canal across the isthmus of Panama -Connect Atlantic and Pacific ocean-Allow ships to travel without going around South America-Columbian president (Columbia had control over Panama) refused to sell the land -Panamanians revolted against the Colombians; U.S. support; Panama gained independence -Allowed U.S. to lease land needed for the Panama Canal

AlaskaSeward’s Folly-Secretary of State William Seward purchased Alaska from Russia-People saw this as a mistake-Seward saw it as an economic potential with its land rich of resources

Hawaii-Business started investing in sugar plantations in early 1800’s-Plantations owners gained economic control over island and struggled for power with Hawaiian monarchy-Plantation owners and U.S. overthrew Queen Liliuokalani -Hawaii annexed in 1898

The Philippines-Gained from the Spanish-American war-U.S. citizen did not understand why U.S. wanted to own something on the other side of the world-Roosevelt and others saw as crucial for protecting U.S. economic interest in Southeast Asia-Emilio Aguinaldo held an uprising against the U.S.-Used guerilla warfare – strategy in which a weaker army or force strikes quickly and retreats before enemy retaliates-U.S. finally captured Aguinaldo after two years of fighting-Became independent nation in 1946Panama-President William McKinley was assassinated in 1901-Theodore Roosevelt became president-Roosevelt envisioned a canal across the isthmus of Panama -Connect Atlantic and Pacific ocean-Allow ships to travel without going around South America-Columbian president (Columbia had control over Panama) refused to sell the land -Panamanians revolted against the Colombians; U.S. support; Panama gained independence -Allowed U.S. to lease land needed for the Panama Canal

AlaskaSeward’s Folly-Secretary of State William Seward purchased Alaska from Russia-People saw this as a mistake-Seward saw it as an economic potential with its land rich of resources

Hawaii-Business started investing in sugar plantations in early 1800’s-Plantations owners gained economic control over island and struggled for power with Hawaiian monarchy-Plantation owners and U.S. overthrew Queen Liliuokalani -Hawaii annexed in 1898

The Philippines-Gained from the Spanish-American war-U.S. citizen did not understand why U.S. wanted to own something on the other side of the world-Roosevelt and others saw as crucial for protecting U.S. economic interest in Southeast Asia-Emilio Aguinaldo held an uprising against the U.S.-Used guerilla warfare – strategy in which a weaker army or force strikes quickly and retreats before enemy retaliates-U.S. finally captured Aguinaldo after two years of fighting-Became independent nation in 1946Panama-President William McKinley was assassinated in 1901-Theodore Roosevelt became president-Roosevelt envisioned a canal across the isthmus of Panama -Connect Atlantic and Pacific ocean-Allow ships to travel without going around South America-Columbian president (Columbia had control over Panama) refused to sell the land -Panamanians revolted against the Colombians; U.S. support; Panama gained independence -Allowed U.S. to lease land needed for the Panama Canal

AlaskaSeward’s Folly-Secretary of State William Seward purchased Alaska from Russia-People saw this as a mistake-Seward saw it as an economic potential with its land rich of resources

Hawaii-Business started investing in sugar plantations in early 1800’s-Plantations owners gained economic control over island and struggled for power with Hawaiian monarchy-Plantation owners and U.S. overthrew Queen Liliuokalani -Hawaii annexed in 1898

The Philippines-Gained from the Spanish-American war-U.S. citizen did not understand why U.S. wanted to own something on the other side of the world-Roosevelt and others saw as crucial for protecting U.S. economic interest in Southeast Asia-Emilio Aguinaldo held an uprising against the U.S.-Used guerilla warfare – strategy in which a weaker army or force strikes quickly and retreats before enemy retaliates-U.S. finally captured Aguinaldo after two years of fighting-Became independent nation in 1946Panama-President William McKinley was assassinated in 1901-Theodore Roosevelt became president-Roosevelt envisioned a canal across the isthmus of Panama -Connect Atlantic and Pacific ocean-Allow ships to travel without going around South America-Columbian president (Columbia had control over Panama) refused to sell the land -Panamanians revolted against the Colombians; U.S. support; Panama gained independence -Allowed U.S. to lease land needed for the Panama Canal

AlaskaSeward’s Folly-Secretary of State William Seward purchased Alaska from Russia-People saw this as a mistake-Seward saw it as an economic potential with its land rich of resources

Hawaii-Business started investing in sugar plantations in early 1800’s-Plantations owners gained economic control over island and struggled for power with Hawaiian monarchy-Plantation owners and U.S. overthrew Queen Liliuokalani -Hawaii annexed in 1898

The Philippines-Gained from the Spanish-American war-U.S. citizen did not understand why U.S. wanted to own something on the other side of the world-Roosevelt and others saw as crucial for protecting U.S. economic interest in Southeast Asia-Emilio Aguinaldo held an uprising against the U.S.-Used guerilla warfare – strategy in which a weaker army or force strikes quickly and retreats before enemy retaliates-U.S. finally captured Aguinaldo after two years of fighting-Became independent nation in 1946Panama-President William McKinley was assassinated in 1901-Theodore Roosevelt became president-Roosevelt envisioned a canal across the isthmus of Panama -Connect Atlantic and Pacific ocean-Allow ships to travel without going around South America-Columbian president (Columbia had control over Panama) refused to sell the land -Panamanians revolted against the Colombians; U.S. support; Panama gained independence -Allowed U.S. to lease land needed for the Panama Canal

The Spanish-American WarImportant People

Explanation

George Dewey

• U.S. Commodore George Dewey went to the Philippines • Spanish Colony• Destroyed the Spanish fleet; took

over the Philippines

John Hay

• John Hay termed the war “a splendid little war”

The Spanish-American WarImportant People

Explanation

George Dewey

• U.S. Commodore George Dewey went to the Philippines • Spanish Colony• Destroyed the Spanish fleet; took

over the Philippines

John Hay

• John Hay termed the war “a splendid little war”

The Spanish-American WarImportant People

Explanation

George Dewey

• U.S. Commodore George Dewey went to the Philippines • Spanish Colony• Destroyed the Spanish fleet; took

over the Philippines

John Hay

• John Hay termed the war “a splendid little war”

Cuba-Cuba still owned by Spain-Cuban people rebelled against the Spanish-Spain sent 150,000 troops-Many Cubans got killed or died in concentration camps

Yellow Journalism-Pressure started to mount for the U.S. intervene-Yellow Journalism – exaggerated and untrue reports about Cuba to sell papers-Served to ignite the emotions of the U.S. population

Rough Riders-Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt-When U.S. finally went to war, Roosevelt resigned his position -Became lieutenant colonel of the Rough Riders-A volunteer cavalry group of men

U.S.S. Maine-A Splendid Little War-U.S.S. Maine exploded while in a Cuban harbor-Newspapers blamed Spain; U.S. citizens called for war-Declared war on Spain April 1898

Famous Battles-Kettle and San Juan Hill-Roosevelt and the Rough Riders-Helped U.S. gain victory over Spain-U.S. won in three months

Cuba-Cuba still owned by Spain-Cuban people rebelled against the Spanish-Spain sent 150,000 troops-Many Cubans got killed or died in concentration camps

Yellow Journalism-Pressure started to mount for the U.S. intervene-Yellow Journalism – exaggerated and untrue reports about Cuba to sell papers-Served to ignite the emotions of the U.S. population

Rough Riders-Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt-When U.S. finally went to war, Roosevelt resigned his position -Became lieutenant colonel of the Rough Riders-A volunteer cavalry group of men

U.S.S. Maine-A Splendid Little War-U.S.S. Maine exploded while in a Cuban harbor-Newspapers blamed Spain; U.S. citizens called for war-Declared war on Spain April 1898

Famous Battles-Kettle and San Juan Hill-Roosevelt and the Rough Riders-Helped U.S. gain victory over Spain-U.S. won in three months

Cuba-Cuba still owned by Spain-Cuban people rebelled against the Spanish-Spain sent 150,000 troops-Many Cubans got killed or died in concentration camps

Yellow Journalism-Pressure started to mount for the U.S. intervene-Yellow Journalism – exaggerated and untrue reports about Cuba to sell papers-Served to ignite the emotions of the U.S. population

Rough Riders-Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt-When U.S. finally went to war, Roosevelt resigned his position -Became lieutenant colonel of the Rough Riders-A volunteer cavalry group of men

U.S.S. Maine-A Splendid Little War-U.S.S. Maine exploded while in a Cuban harbor-Newspapers blamed Spain; U.S. citizens called for war-Declared war on Spain April 1898

Famous Battles-Kettle and San Juan Hill-Roosevelt and the Rough Riders-Helped U.S. gain victory over Spain-U.S. won in three months

Cuba-Cuba still owned by Spain-Cuban people rebelled against the Spanish-Spain sent 150,000 troops-Many Cubans got killed or died in concentration camps

Yellow Journalism-Pressure started to mount for the U.S. intervene-Yellow Journalism – exaggerated and untrue reports about Cuba to sell papers-Served to ignite the emotions of the U.S. population

Rough Riders-Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt-When U.S. finally went to war, Roosevelt resigned his position -Became lieutenant colonel of the Rough Riders-A volunteer cavalry group of men

U.S.S. Maine-A Splendid Little War-U.S.S. Maine exploded while in a Cuban harbor-Newspapers blamed Spain; U.S. citizens called for war-Declared war on Spain April 1898

Famous Battles-Kettle and San Juan Hill-Roosevelt and the Rough Riders-Helped U.S. gain victory over Spain-U.S. won in three months

Cuba-Cuba still owned by Spain-Cuban people rebelled against the Spanish-Spain sent 150,000 troops-Many Cubans got killed or died in concentration camps

Yellow Journalism-Pressure started to mount for the U.S. intervene-Yellow Journalism – exaggerated and untrue reports about Cuba to sell papers-Served to ignite the emotions of the U.S. population

Rough Riders-Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt-When U.S. finally went to war, Roosevelt resigned his position -Became lieutenant colonel of the Rough Riders-A volunteer cavalry group of men

U.S.S. Maine-A Splendid Little War-U.S.S. Maine exploded while in a Cuban harbor-Newspapers blamed Spain; U.S. citizens called for war-Declared war on Spain April 1898

Famous Battles-Kettle and San Juan Hill-Roosevelt and the Rough Riders-Helped U.S. gain victory over Spain-U.S. won in three months

Cuba-Cuba still owned by Spain-Cuban people rebelled against the Spanish-Spain sent 150,000 troops-Many Cubans got killed or died in concentration camps

Yellow Journalism-Pressure started to mount for the U.S. intervene-Yellow Journalism – exaggerated and untrue reports about Cuba to sell papers-Served to ignite the emotions of the U.S. population

Rough Riders-Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt-When U.S. finally went to war, Roosevelt resigned his position -Became lieutenant colonel of the Rough Riders-A volunteer cavalry group of men

U.S.S. Maine-A Splendid Little War-U.S.S. Maine exploded while in a Cuban harbor-Newspapers blamed Spain; U.S. citizens called for war-Declared war on Spain April 1898

Famous Battles-Kettle and San Juan Hill-Roosevelt and the Rough Riders-Helped U.S. gain victory over Spain-U.S. won in three months

After the War

Explanation

Treaty of Paris in 1898

Teller Amendment

Plat Amendment

U.S. gained control over

After the War

Explanation

Treaty of Paris in 1898

 • Ended the war 

Teller Amendment

Plat Amendment

U.S. gained control over

After the War

Explanation

Treaty of Paris in 1898

 • Ended the war 

Teller Amendment

 • U.S. promised Cuban independence by not annexing the territory 

Plat Amendment

U.S. gained control over

After the War

Explanation

Treaty of Paris in 1898

 • Ended the war 

Teller Amendment

 • U.S. promised Cuban independence by not annexing the territory 

Plat Amendment

• put limits on what the Cuban government could do

• gave the U.S. two naval bases in Cuba• allowed for U.S. intervention whenever

necessary

U.S. gained control over

After the War

Explanation

Treaty of Paris in 1898

 • Ended the war 

Teller Amendment

 • U.S. promised Cuban independence by not annexing the territory 

Plat Amendment

• put limits on what the Cuban government could do

• gave the U.S. two naval bases in Cuba• allowed for U.S. intervention whenever

necessary

U.S. gained control over

 • Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam 

5.3 U.S. Diplomacy

The Western HemisphereRoosevelt’s Corollary

• expanded upon the Monroe Doctrine• U.S. would

not allow European powers to colonize newly independent nations in Western Hemisphere

• The U.S. had the right to intervene in the region if a nation had trouble paying its debts• Led to

increase U.S. involvement in Caribbean and Latin America

Big Stick Policy

• “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far” – U.S. did not intend to threaten presence in regions but would not hesitate to protect its own interests

Dollar Diplomacy

• Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy• U.S. could

best maintain order in nations abroad by increasing foreign investments

• Woodrow Wilson renounced dollar diplomacy

Missionary Diplomacy

• Woodrow Wilson renounced dollar diplomacy • Missionary

Diplomacy – foreign policy that U.S. promotes democracy and moral progress in the world

• Opposed imperialism

The Western HemisphereRoosevelt’s Corollary

• expanded upon the Monroe Doctrine• U.S. would

not allow European powers to colonize newly independent nations in Western Hemisphere

• The U.S. had the right to intervene in the region if a nation had trouble paying its debts• Led to

increase U.S. involvement in Caribbean and Latin America

Big Stick Policy

• “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far” – U.S. did not intend to threaten presence in regions but would not hesitate to protect its own interests

Dollar Diplomacy

• Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy• U.S. could

best maintain order in nations abroad by increasing foreign investments

• Woodrow Wilson renounced dollar diplomacy

Missionary Diplomacy

• Woodrow Wilson renounced dollar diplomacy • Missionary

Diplomacy – foreign policy that U.S. promotes democracy and moral progress in the world

• Opposed imperialism

The Western HemisphereRoosevelt’s Corollary

• expanded upon the Monroe Doctrine• U.S. would

not allow European powers to colonize newly independent nations in Western Hemisphere

• The U.S. had the right to intervene in the region if a nation had trouble paying its debts• Led to

increase U.S. involvement in Caribbean and Latin America

Big Stick Policy

• “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far” – U.S. did not intend to threaten presence in regions but would not hesitate to protect its own interests

Dollar Diplomacy

• Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy• U.S. could

best maintain order in nations abroad by increasing foreign investments

• Woodrow Wilson renounced dollar diplomacy

Missionary Diplomacy

• Woodrow Wilson renounced dollar diplomacy • Missionary

Diplomacy – foreign policy that U.S. promotes democracy and moral progress in the world

• Opposed imperialism

The Western HemisphereRoosevelt’s Corollary

• expanded upon the Monroe Doctrine• U.S. would

not allow European powers to colonize newly independent nations in Western Hemisphere

• The U.S. had the right to intervene in the region if a nation had trouble paying its debts• Led to

increase U.S. involvement in Caribbean and Latin America

Big Stick Policy

• “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far” – U.S. did not intend to threaten presence in regions but would not hesitate to protect its own interests

Dollar Diplomacy

• Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy• U.S. could

best maintain order in nations abroad by increasing foreign investments

• Woodrow Wilson renounced dollar diplomacy

Missionary Diplomacy

• Woodrow Wilson renounced dollar diplomacy • Missionary

Diplomacy – foreign policy that U.S. promotes democracy and moral progress in the world

• Opposed imperialism

The Western HemisphereRoosevelt’s Corollary

• expanded upon the Monroe Doctrine• U.S. would

not allow European powers to colonize newly independent nations in Western Hemisphere

• The U.S. had the right to intervene in the region if a nation had trouble paying its debts• Led to

increase U.S. involvement in Caribbean and Latin America

Big Stick Policy

• “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far” – U.S. did not intend to threaten presence in regions but would not hesitate to protect its own interests

Dollar Diplomacy

• Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy• U.S. could

best maintain order in nations abroad by increasing foreign investments

• Woodrow Wilson renounced dollar diplomacy

Missionary Diplomacy

• Woodrow Wilson renounced dollar diplomacy • Missionary

Diplomacy – foreign policy that U.S. promotes democracy and moral progress in the world

• Opposed imperialism

The Open Door PolicyTerm/Event

Explanation

U.S. Possessed Territories

That Spanned The Pacific

Ocean

Trading With China

Boxer Rebellion

The Open Door PolicyTerm/Event

Explanation

U.S. Possessed Territories

That Spanned The Pacific

Ocean

• Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, and Philippians• Protecting these territories became important 

Trading With China

Boxer Rebellion

The Open Door PolicyTerm/Event

Explanation

U.S. Possessed Territories

That Spanned The Pacific

Ocean

• Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, and Philippians• Protecting these territories became important 

Trading With China

• Fearing European countries would try to gain control over China’s markets• U.S. insisted on open-door policy• Leave china open to the U.S. and other nations

for trade

Boxer Rebellion

The Open Door PolicyTerm/Event

Explanation

U.S. Possessed Territories

That Spanned The Pacific

Ocean

• Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, and Philippians• Protecting these territories became important 

Trading With China

• Fearing European countries would try to gain control over China’s markets• U.S. insisted on open-door policy• Leave china open to the U.S. and other nations

for trade

Boxer Rebellion

• Chinese nationalists wanted to end foreign influence in China• “Boxers” – nationalists who launched the Boxer

Rebellion• Massacred three hundred foreigners and

Chinese Christians • U.S. and other imperial powers sent troops to

put down