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Chapter 4:

Life in the Colonies

Life in the

New England, Middle, and Southern

Colonies

Pictures from: www.the-innside-scoop.com/articles/nichcrk.htm ; http://orchard.sbschools.net/library/links/colonies.gif

Section 1:

Governing The Colonies

How did English ideas about government

and trade affect the colonies?

Picutres from: historymedren.about.com/.../blpxkingjohn.htm ; www.kipar.org/.../galleries_1680e.html

English Government

• Magna Carta

• Parliament

• English Bill of Rights

Pictures from: www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizens... :

Question #1:

What was the Magna Carta? Describe what

role it played in the English government?

The Magna Carta was a document that

King John was forced to sign in 1215. It

was the 1st document to place restrictions

on an English King. It limited the

monarchs right to levy taxes w/out

consulting the nobles. It also protected

the right to own private property.

Question #3:What was the English Bill of Rights? Who

helped get them passed, who signed them into action? What did it boost?

In 1698 Mary & William ruled and signed into

law the English Bill of Rights. It was a written

list of Freedoms such as Parliament needed to

be consulted before the King or Queen could

use govt. money, freedom of speech, can not

have or raise an army in time of peace w/out

consent of Parliament. Govt. promises to

protect certain freedoms.

Question #5:

How was the power of the English monarchs

limited?

The monarch needed Parliament’s

permission to raise taxes or an army.

Parliament was allowed to meet regularly.

The Right To Vote

Which groups of people were permitted to

vote in colonial elections? Which were not

permitted to vote?

White males, over the age of 21 who

owned property

Women, N-As, A-As, and children

Colonial Self Government

• Colonists saw how a limited monarchy and

representative government worked in

Europe and wanted it for the colonies.

• House of Burgesses (VA)

• General Court (MA)

• General Assembly (PA)

John Peter Zenger

• Publisher of New York Weekly Journal

• Printed Articles criticizing the governor

of NY

• Arrested for libel

• Zenger found not guilty of libel

• WHY?

The Trial

• Burning Order

• Key People in the Case

• The Front Page

• Play of John Peter Zenger Trial

Pictures from: http://www.s9.com/images/portraits/33280_Zenger-John-Peter.jpg and

http://www.courts.state.ny.us/history/Zenger_illustration.htm

The Navigation Acts

• Regulated Trade

• Mercantilism

• 1651 Parliament passes 1st Navigation Act

• These promoted the concept of

mercantilism

Navigation Act Stated:

• Shipments from Europe to English

colonies had to go through England first

• Any imports to England from the

colonies had to come from ships built and

owned by British subjects

• The colonies could sell key products such

as tobacco, and sugar only to ENGLAND

Advantages of the Navigation Acts

• Created jobs for English workers

• Benefited the colonies because traders had a

sure market for their goods

• Shipping industry in New England

increased

Negative Affects

• Laws Favored English merchants

• Felt they could make more money if they

had authority to trade with other countries

• Smuggling grew

Section 2:

Colonial Society

What were the characteristics of

colonial society?

Pictures from: http://www.davistownmuseum.org/BioPics/MEmadeEdgeTools.jpg and http://www.tinlighting.com/Images/tools.jpg

The Family in Colonial Times

• Families played an important role

• Extended Family

• Family members planted, harvested, took

care of animals, tended the farm, chopped

wood, and much morePictures from: dc.about.com/.../09-FamilyLife.htm

Extended Family: is a family that includes, in

addition to the parents and their children, other

members such as grandparents, aunts, uncles,

and cousins

Question # 14:

Members of a large family could perform

some of the many tasks that had to be done

on a large farm.

Colonial Men

• Men controlled the property

• Men controlled the family income

• Men voted

• Could hold public office

Pictures from: http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/continental/images/broadsides_home.jpg

http://www.rileysfarm.com/images/farm_j20060709b.jpg

Colonial Children

• At 7 years old children would go to work

• If poor could become Indentured Servants

at age 7

• Boys worked the fields with their fathers

• Girls worked with their mothers

• Boys usually learned a trade

Pictures from: http://www.ushistory.org/washingtoncrossing/images/games_3.jpg

Question #16

How did the jobs of boys and girls differ?

Boys tended to do work in the field

with men, girls usually did house

work alongside the women. Boys

sometimes lived away from home and

worked as apprentices. Girls

sometimes became servants in

wealthy households.

Games

Usually small children were allowed to play

games. They were usually homemade.

Pictures from: http://www.ushistory.org/washingtoncrossing/images/games_3.jpg http://www.historylives.com/toysandgames.htm

Cup and BallWhiriligigs or Buzzers

Colonial Women

• Women married men their parents chose for them

• Could NOT vote

• Could NOT own property

• No public life

Picture from: http://www.sandomenico.org/uploaded/photos/Library/WQ1-003.jpg http://www.charlestongrpservices.com/colonial_women.jpg

Question 15What roles did women play in colonial

society? What rights did they have or not

have?

They cooked, cleaned, did laundry, fed

the chickens, kept the garden, millked

the cows, took care of the children,

and sometimes had to work in the

fields.

Women could not vote, hold office,

own property, or keep any money they

earned.

Gentry

• Wealthy merchants, plantation owners,

ministers, royal officials, lawyers

• Controlled government especially in the

South

Middle Class

• Small Farmers, artisans

• Could Vote

• Sometimes held office

Indentured Servants

• Signed a contract to work from 4-10 years

for anyone who paid for his/her passage to

the Americas

• They aspired to become part of the Middle

class once their indenture was over

• Ireland and Germany 1700’s

Social Classes

• Gentry

• Middle Class

• Indentured Servants

• Free A-As, N-A, Slaves

Section 3:

Slavery in the Colonies

How did slavery develop in the colonies and

affect colonial life?

Pictures from: http://hitchcock.itc.virginia.edu/SlaveTrade/collection/large/E027.JPG and

The Atlantic Slave Trade

• More than 10 million transported between

1500’s and 1800’s

• Dutch brought the first Africans to America

Pictures from: http://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/SchoolofEnglish/imperial/key-concepts/images/slave-caravans-on-the-road.jpg

The Atlantic Slave Trade Cont.

• The Portuguese and Spanish claimed their

mark on the West coast of Africa

• England later claims a stake in the slave

trade

• The Portuguese, Spanish, and English fight

for territory on the West Coast especially

Ghana

Africans Part in the Slave Trade

• Slavery existed in Africa before the Europeans arrived

• Slavery and fighting increased among different tribes

in Africa

• They begin capturing Africans from other tribes and

selling their captors to the Europeans

• In return they get guns, ammunition, and rum

The Middle Passage

• The journey from Africa to the

Americas

• Brutally treated

• beaten

• starved

• whipped

• slept on wood with only inches from the other person

• naked

• hot humid conditions

Pictures from http://www.casahistoria.net/slavery.htm http://www.tqnyc.org/NYC063208/slavestofieldscgrove.jpg

Triangular Trade Route

Triangular Trade• 3 Way trade between the colonies, the

islands of the Caribbean, and Africa

• Africa traded slaves to the islands

• The islands sent sugar and molasses to Africa

• NE sent lumber, dried fish, flour to the islands

• Islands sent to NE molasses, sugar and slaves

Racism

• The belief that one race is superior or

inferior to another

• The whites used this as an excuse to

enslave Africans

• Racism can be against any race it is not

exclusive to the African race

Question #28

• The slave codes were designed to restrict

travel and communication among

enslaved people.

• The codes were intended to prevent slave

revolts.

Question #29

• Africans brought language, skill in crafts,

musical styles, clothing, food, and many

other things.

Slave Codes• One law at a time

• Strict laws that restricted the rights & activities of slaves

• Slaves could not:

• Meet in groups of 3 or more

• Could not learn to read or write

• Could not own a gun or other weapons

• Could not marry

• If a master killed a slave he would not be put in prison

• If a slave went to jail they could not speak at their trial

Section 4:

The Spread of New Ideas

How did the ideas about religion and

government influence colonial life?

Pictures from: http://www.sandomenico.org/uploaded/photos/Library/WQ1-003.jpg

http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/e/e3/George_Whitefield_preaching_at_Cambuslang_in_1742.jpg

The Importance of Education

• Found its beginnings in Puritan laws

• Parents required to teach children and

servants to read

• Every town with 50 or more families were

required to have an elementary school

• 100 families or more you were required to

have a grammar school for older children

Public Schools

• MA was the first to enforce and encourage public schooling

• Puritan schools were given both private and public money

• Puritan schools children went to learn to read the bible

• Towns could pay a fine to not set up a school if they had 50 or more families

How were public schools during

Puritan times different from

public schools today?

Pictures from: http://www.jenningsk12.net/WE/peimann/socialstudies/colonialamerica/school.gif

Schooling in the South

• Towns were separated by great distances

• Wealthy children were tutored on

plantations

• Poorer children did not go to school but

worked on the farm

• Most girls did not receive a formal

education

African Americans and

Education

• Most colonial schools in the north were

strictly for whites only

• Anglican church in NY did run a school for

free A-A but they were ridiculed and the

church was burnt down

• In the South it was against the law to teach

A-A to learn to read or write

Beyond Grammar School

• Boys were almost always the only ones

during early colonial times to attend

colleges

• Harvard College in MA opened in 1638

• 1693 William and Mary College in VA

Question # 35

How did education differ for boys and girls?

Boys received more education than girls

and studied many more subjects

American Literature

• Poetry

• Newspapers

• Books

• Almanacs

Pictures from: http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/3/35/180px-Benjamin_Franklin_by_Jean-

Baptiste_Greuze.jpg http://famouspoetsandpoems.com/pictures/middle/anne_bradstreet.jpg

http://www.monroeucc.org/images/UCCFirsts/t_wheatly.jpg

Poetry

• Anne Bradstreet From MA here works were

not published in the colonies until after her

death

• Phillis Wheatley from Boston African Born

Benjamin Franklin

• Pennsylvania Gazette

• Poor Richard’s Almanac

• He was a great businessman and writer

• He also was a great inventor

The Great Awakening

• Period of Religious Revival

• 1730’s & 1740’s

• Began as a reaction against the decline of

religious importance in the colonies

• Tolerance of different religions increased

Jonathan Edwards

• Called on people to examine their lives

• Commit themselves to God

• Warned sinners of what would happen to

them after they dies if they did not

change their ways

Pictures From: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Jonathan_Edwards.jpg

George Whitefield

• Helped stir and bring about the Great Awakening

• Traveled from place to place preaching

Impact of the Great Awakening

• Led to the rise of many new churches

• Methodists and Baptists

• Presbyterian, Dutch Reformed, and

Congregationalist split

• Led to more tolerance of religious

differences

The Enlightenment

• European thinkers

• Believed all problems could be solved by

human reasoning

• Looked for “natural laws” that governed

politics, society, and economics

Pictures From: http://cgfa.sunsite.dk/k/kneller3.jpg and http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=25283&rendTypeId=4

Baron de Montesquieu

• French thinker

• Idea of separation of powers

• Government should be divided into 3

branches, legislative, judicial, and

executive

John Locke

• Locked believed people have certain “natural rights”

• Life, liberty and property

• These rights are inalienable they can not be taken

away

• Challenged the idea of divine right

• Argued that “natural rights” came from God not the

monarchy

Question #40

Natural rights were rights that belong to

every human being from birth LIFE,

LIBERTY, PROPERTY John Locke

believed in this

Question #41

Divine Rights: the belief that monarchs get their authority to rule directly from God

Question #42

Montesquieu believed that there

should be division of power in

government into separate branches so

that no one branch becomes too

powerful