chapter 4: circulatory system by: ryan salvato & robbie wynne
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Chapter 4: Circulatory Chapter 4: Circulatory SystemSystem
By: Ryan Salvato & Robbie By: Ryan Salvato & Robbie WynneWynne
Blood components and functionsBlood components and functions
Blood Blood
Blood is 55% plasma and 45% formed Blood is 55% plasma and 45% formed elementselements
Plasma is a transparent yellow liquid Plasma is a transparent yellow liquid without the blood cellswithout the blood cells
Plasma consists mainly of water Plasma consists mainly of water
Plasma is 5-8%Plasma is 5-8%
Formed elements include Erythrocytes Formed elements include Erythrocytes and Thrombocytesand Thrombocytes
Proteins in bloodProteins in blood
3 part/types of proteins3 part/types of proteins
Albumin-major protein in blood, maintains Albumin-major protein in blood, maintains water in the bloodstreamwater in the bloodstream
Globulins- antibodies produced to fight Globulins- antibodies produced to fight diseases diseases
Fibrinogen- aids in blood clottingFibrinogen- aids in blood clotting
Red blood cells (RBCs)Red blood cells (RBCs)
ErythrocytesErythrocytes
Carries the oxygen around the bodyCarries the oxygen around the body
Produced in the bone marrow Produced in the bone marrow (Erythropoiesis)(Erythropoiesis)
Immature RBCs contain a nucleus, found Immature RBCs contain a nucleus, found in the bloodstreamin the bloodstream
Red color given by the hemoglobin proteinRed color given by the hemoglobin protein
Adult dogs has 6-8million RBCs/mircoliterAdult dogs has 6-8million RBCs/mircoliter
White blood cells (WBCs)White blood cells (WBCs)
LeukocytesLeukocytes
Protect against diseaseProtect against disease
Part of the immune systemPart of the immune system
6-17 thousand/microliter6-17 thousand/microliter
Counts and types can help diagnose Counts and types can help diagnose infectious diseasesinfectious diseases
Neutrophil is the most predominant WBC Neutrophil is the most predominant WBC in animalsin animals
PlateletsPlatelets
ThrombocytesThrombocytes
Produced in bone marrowProduced in bone marrow
Aid in blood clottingAid in blood clotting
Platelets attach to edges of damaged Platelets attach to edges of damaged vessels plugging the holevessels plugging the hole
Heart StructureHeart Structure
The hearts 4 chambersThe hearts 4 chambers
2 that carry de-oxygenated blood2 that carry de-oxygenated blood
Right AtriumRight Atrium
Right Ventricle Right Ventricle
2 that carry oxygenated blood2 that carry oxygenated blood
Left AtriumLeft Atrium
Left VentricleLeft Ventricle
Heart valvesHeart valves
Heart valve stop the blood in the heart Heart valve stop the blood in the heart from flowing backwardsfrom flowing backwards
the 4 valves are:the 4 valves are:
Pulmonary valvePulmonary valve
Tricuspid valveTricuspid valve
Aortic valveAortic valve
Mitral valveMitral valve
Blood vessels and Blood flowBlood vessels and Blood flow
Purpose of the vena cavaPurpose of the vena cava
Caudal vena cava returns blood from Caudal vena cava returns blood from behind the heartbehind the heart
Cranial vena cava returns blood to the Cranial vena cava returns blood to the front of the heartfront of the heart
Carry the de-oxygenated blood to the right Carry the de-oxygenated blood to the right side of the heartside of the heart
Arteries and veins Arteries and veins
Arteries carry the de-oxygenated blood to Arteries carry the de-oxygenated blood to the lungs the lungs
Veins carry oxygenated blood back to the Veins carry oxygenated blood back to the heart to be pumped around the bodyheart to be pumped around the body
AortaAorta
The aorta carries the blood from the left The aorta carries the blood from the left side of the heart and carries it around the side of the heart and carries it around the bodybody
Includes:Includes:
Aorta Aorta
Abdominal aortaAbdominal aorta
Electrocardiograms, Heart Sounds Electrocardiograms, Heart Sounds and Blood Pressureand Blood Pressure
ElectrocardiographElectrocardiograph
Electronic instrument Electronic instrument
Picks up small electrical signals in the Picks up small electrical signals in the body fluid body fluid
Helps detect irregular beats as well as Helps detect irregular beats as well as other problems in the stream other problems in the stream
Electrocardiogram (ECG)Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Tracing made by electrocardiograph Tracing made by electrocardiograph
Letters identify the different peaks in the Letters identify the different peaks in the transmission transmission
Identifies problems with the contraction of Identifies problems with the contraction of the heart the heart
Problems indicated by rises in heart beat Problems indicated by rises in heart beat of damaged portions of the line of damaged portions of the line
Tachycardia Tachycardia
Indicates a heart rate that is faster than Indicates a heart rate that is faster than normal with a normal rhythm normal with a normal rhythm
Can be seen as a elevated heart rate Can be seen as a elevated heart rate
Heart MurmursHeart Murmurs
Occur from a defective valve or abnormal Occur from a defective valve or abnormal blood flow blood flow
Described as a prolonged swishing noise Described as a prolonged swishing noise
Systolic Murmur- AV leakage causes a lub-Systolic Murmur- AV leakage causes a lub-swish-dup sound, occurs during the swish-dup sound, occurs during the contraction of the ventriclescontraction of the ventricles
Diastolic Murmur- Creates a lub-dup-swish Diastolic Murmur- Creates a lub-dup-swish sound, occurs when blood leaks back into sound, occurs when blood leaks back into the ventricle when relaxingthe ventricle when relaxing
Blood PressureBlood Pressure
Maintained within a tight range Maintained within a tight range
Pressure receptors and some major Pressure receptors and some major arteries can detect a change arteries can detect a change
Pressure increase = decreased heart ratePressure increase = decreased heart rate
Pressure decrease = increased heart ratePressure decrease = increased heart rate
Clinical PracticeClinical Practice
Heart failureHeart failure
Condition in which the heart is unable to Condition in which the heart is unable to meet the demands of the animalmeet the demands of the animal
Not usually treated Not usually treated
Removed from the group of animalsRemoved from the group of animals
Autoimmune diseaseAutoimmune disease
RBCs are targeted RBCs are targeted
RBCs are killed faster than they are RBCs are killed faster than they are produced produced
Bone marrow tries to correct the low count Bone marrow tries to correct the low count & releases some immature RBCs& releases some immature RBCs
ShockShock
A life-threatening condition A life-threatening condition
Occurs when the body is not getting Occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flowenough blood flow
Can damage multiple organsCan damage multiple organs
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