chapter 2 2-1 introduction 2-2 organizing data 2-3 histograms, frequency polygons, and ogives2-3...
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Chapter 2
• 2-1 Introduction
• 2-2 Organizing Data
• 2-3 Histograms, Frequency Polygons, and Ogives
• 2-4 Other types of Graphs
• 2-5 Summary
2-3 Histograms, Frequency Polygons, and Ogives (cont)
• Distribution shapes– Bell- shaped– Uniform– J-shaped– Reverse j-shaped– Right-skewed– Left-skewed– Bimodal u-shaped
Bell Shaped
Uniform
J Shaped
Bimodal u-shaped
Skewed
2-3 Histograms, Frequency Polygons, and Ogives (cont)
• Histogram
• Frequency polygon– Cumulative frequency
• Ogive
• Relative frequency graph
Frequency Polygon
Ogive
Relative Frequency
2-4 Other Types of Graphs
• Pareto charts
• Time series graphs
• Pie charts
2-4 Other Types of Graphs (Cont)
• Pareto charts– Represents frequency distributions for a
categorical variable– Frequencies are displayed by heights from
least to greatest
Pareto
• power law probability distribution that is used in description of social, scientific, geophysical, actuarial, and many other types of observable phenomena.
Pareto
2-4 Other Types of Graphs (Cont)
• Time series graphs– Represent data that occur over a specific
period of time
Time series
2-4 Other Types of Graphs (Cont)
• Pie Graph– A circle that is divided into sections or wedges
according to the percentage of frequencies in each category of the distribution.
Pie Charts
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