chapter 14 section 2 social crises, war, and revolution
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Chapter 14Section 2
Social Crises, War, and
Revolution
Learning ObjectivesThe students will be able to:
• List the causes and results of the Thirty Years War
• Identify the causes and evaluate the effects of the English Revolution including examples of political, economic, and social oppression and violation of human rights
• Summarize the ideas from the English Revolution concerning separation of power, liberty, and equality.
Economic and Social Crises
•Inflation•Economic slowdown•Population decline
Witchcraft Trials• Inquisition
extended into concern about witchcraft
•More than 100 thousand charged – mostly single or widowed women over 50
Thirty Years' War• Called “the last of the religious wars”• Began as a struggle between Catholic
forces and Protestant nobles• Most destructive conflict Europe
experienced thus far• ALL major European powers except
England become involved in this conflict.
Most battles fought on German soil Germany crushed - 4
million died
Peace of Westphalia
1648•Officially ended the war
•Stated all German states could determine their own religion
Results of The Thirty Years War:
•Ended the idea of a Catholic empire
•made birth of modern states possible
Effects of Thirty Years’ War• Germany was plundered
and destroyed• More than 300 states of
the Holy Roman Empire were recognized as independent
• Germany would not be reunited again until 200 years later.
Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY
Provided information for this powerpoint.
Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY
Provided information for this powerpoint.
EnglishConstitutional
Monarchy
1603 Elizabeth I Dies
The Stuart Monarchy
James I [r. 1603-1625]
A staunch advocate of divine right of kings.
Wrote Trew Law of Free Monarchy – suggested that king only had to answer to God and was not bound by old policies or agreements.
King James Bible,
1611
Charles I [r. 1625-1649]
The Petition of Right, 1628
“The Stuart Magna Carta”
• According to the Petition, the monarchy could not:
• imprison subjects without due cause.
• force loans or levy taxes without the consent of Parliament.
• house soldiers in private homes without the owner's consent.
• impose martial law in peacetime.
Revolution in England
Struggle between the king and parliament in determining what role each should play in governing England
Civil War (1621-1649)
Royalists(Cavaliers)Royalists(Cavaliers)
Parliamentarians(Roundheads)
Parliamentarians(Roundheads)
a House of Lords
a Aristocracy
a Large landowners
a Church officials
a More rural, less prosperous
a Anyone who disagreed with Puritans on political or religious issues
† House of Commons
† Puritans
† Merchants
† Townspeople
† More urban , more prosperous
† Anyone who believed the powers of the king should be curbed
Oliver Cromwell [1599-1658]The “Interregnum” Period [1649-1660]
New Model Army
• Made up of extreme Puritans called Independents
• Believed were doing battle for God
• Well disciplined & trained
“Rump Parliament”
Cromwell purged Parliament of anyone who did not support him
The Beheading
of Charles I
January 30, 1649
Cromwell•Declares England a
commonwealth (republic)•Establishes a military
dictatorship •Disperses the Rump
Parliament
The Restoration 1660
•After death of Cromwell, Parliament asks Charles II to return to Monarchy
•Parliament restored the Church of England and limited the rights of Catholics & Puritans
King Charles II [r. 1660-1685]
a “The Merry Monarch”
a Had charm, poise, & political skills
a Restored the theaters and reopened the pubs and brothels closed during Cromwell’s reign
a Favored religious toleration
a sympathized with Catholics
a Realized that he could not repeat the mistakes his father had made
a When had a conflict with Parliament, gave in
Test Acta Charles favored religious toleration
a Protestants feared he would appoint Catholics to public office so passed the Test Act
a 1673 Test Act
Required all government officials to attend Anglican services
King James II [r. 1685-1688]
a Was a bigoted convert to Catholicism without any of Charles II’s shrewdness or ability to compromise.
a Ignored the Test Act & appointed Catholics to office
a Provoked the revolution that Charles II had succeeded in avoiding
The “Glorious” Revolutiona Parliament offered the throne jointly to James II’s
daughter Mary [raised a Protestant] & her husband, William of Orange
a James fled to France
a No bloodshed = “glorious”
a Destroyed the divine-right theory of kingship
Glorious Revolution
• Brought William and Mary to the throne
• Had to support a Parliament
• Was a bloodless revolution
• Had to sign the Bill of Rights
English Bill of Rights [1689]
a It settled all of the major issues between King & Parliament.
a It served as a model for the U. S. Bill of Rights.
a It also formed a base for the steady expansion of civil liberties in the 18c and early 19c in England.
English Bill of Rights [1689]a Main provisions:
1. The King could not suspend the operation of laws.
2. The King could not interfere with the ordinary course of justice.
3. No taxes levied or standard army maintained in peacetime without Parliament’s consent.
4. Freedom of speech in Parliament.
5. Sessions of Parliament would be held frequently.
6. Subjects had the right of bail, petition, and freedom from excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishment.
7. The monarch must be a Protestant.
8. Freedom from arbitrary arrest.
9. Censorship of the press was dropped.
10.Religious toleration of all Protestants; Catholics still penalized
English Bill of Rights• Foundation for a constitutional
monarchy• It did not create a democracy in
England. Only those who had wealth, land and property could vote and sit in Parliament.
• Power was transfer from monarch to aristocratic dominated Parliament.
Toleration Act of 1689
•Granted all Protestants freedom of worship, but not Catholics
Habeas Corpus Act (1697)
• Safeguard against absolute rule
• Any unjustly imprisoned person could obtain a writ of habeas corpus compelling the government to explain why he had lost his liberty
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