chapter 1: principles of pharmacology psychopharmacology psychoactive drug

Chapter 1:

Principles ofPharmacology

Psychopharmacology

Psychoactive drug

Drug Categories

Opium Wars

Historical Use of a Drug: Opium

Opium use in Europe and US

Historical Use of a Drug: Opium

Pure Food and Drug Act – 1906

Harrison Act – 1914

Prohibition (18th amendment) – 1920

Controlled Substances Act – 1970

US drug laws

The Life of a Drug in the Body

1. Route of administration (getting it in)

2. Absorption/ Distribution (getting to the brain)

3. Binding (how it works)4. Metabolism/Deactivation

(stopping it)5. Excretion (getting rid of it)

Routes of Administration – Getting the drugs in

first-pass effect:

Method of Administration Affects Blood Concentration

Administration of nicotine by smoking or chewing

Routes of Administration – Getting the drugs in

Absorption and Distribution- getting drug to the brain

lipid/water-solubility:

lipid/water-solubility

Heroin

http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/rzepa/mim/drugs/gifs/heroin.gif

HO

HO

Morphine

Absorption and Distribution- getting drug to the brain

ionization:

Absorption and Distribution- getting drug to the brain

blood-brain barrier:

Absorption and Distribution- getting drug to the brain

Binding- how drug works

Drug depots:

Receptors:

Binding- how drug works

Metabolism- stopping drug effect

Excretion- getting drug out of body

Half-life:

Metabolism- stopping drug effect

Excretion- getting drug out of body

The Life of a Drug in the Body

1. Route of administration (getting it in)

2. Absorption/ Distribution (getting to the brain)

3. Binding (how it works)4. Metabolism/Deactivation

(stopping it)5. Excretion (getting rid of it)

Dose–response curve

Other Important Concepts

Dose–response curves for four analgesic agents

Other Important Concepts

Potency:

Comparison effects of a drug

Other Important Concepts

Effects of Repeated Drug Use Tolerance:

Is reversible Not all drug effects show equal tolerance Types of tolerance

Disposition Pharmocodynamic Behavioral

Other Important Concepts

Effects of Repeated Drug Use Sensitization

Other Important Concepts

Therapeutic effects

Side effects

Other Important Concepts

Drug Development and Testing

Other Important Concepts