ch10 notes

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Polymers

Nomenclature

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Count the number of monomers and add the Greek Prefix

1 Meth2 Eth3 Prop4 But5 Pent6 Hex7 Hept8 Oct9 Non10 Dec11 Undecmore - poly

Lewis Structure

CH3

CH3CHCHCH2CH3

F

CH3CH2C CCH2CH3

CH3 CH3

Br Br

CH3CH2CCH2CH2CH2CH3

CH2CH3

I

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Even More examples

Functional Group Subsets

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Examples of Monomer Molecules

C=CHH

H HC=C

FF

F F

C=CClH

H H C=CCH3H

H H

Carbon-Carbon double bonds, side groups give properties

PropyleneVinyl ChlorideTetrafluoroethyleneEthylene

Vinyl and Vinylidene Polymers

Figure 10.6+10.7

2 carbons so Eth, double bond so ethylene

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Addition Polymerization - Steps

Addition Polymerization

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Condensation Polymerization•

Requires 2 functional groups

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Examples of Monomer Molecules

R-C-OH

O

Carboxylic Acid group

Amine Group R-NH2

Alcohol Group R-OH

Notes about nomenclatureGlycol = molecule with more than one alcohol group (-OH)

Amine = molecule has an amino group (-NH2)Diamine (or diamino) contains two amino groups

Acid means the molecule contains a carboxylic acid group (-COOH)

Adipic Acid

Ethylene Glycol

1,6-Diaminohexane

Terephthalic Acid

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Homopolymer and Copolymers

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ABABABABABABABABABA

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AAABBAABBBABBBBBBBBAABAABAAABBA

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Structure of Noncrystalline Linear Polymers

Figure 10.4

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Degree of Polymerization

Degree of Polymerization =Molecular mass of polymer(g/mol)

Mass of a mer (g/mer)

Average Molecular Weight

•

i

iim f

MfM

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Ex. You are reverse engineering a competitors new high strength Ethylene-Acrylic Ester copolymer sprocket for a performance gear shifter. Through experiments you determine the molecular weight of the polymer to be 13,700 g/mol and the degree of polymerization to be 243. What is the mol fraction of ethylene and acrylic ester?

R=C4H9

Network Polymerization

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Structure of Partly Crystalline Thermoplastics

Figure 10.16 Figure 10.17

Solidification of Thermoplastics.

Figure 10.14

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Stereoisomerism in Thermoplastics

Figure 10.19

Industrial Polymerization

Figure 10.12

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Injection Molding

After J. Brown, “ Injection Molding of Plastic Components,” McGraw-Hill, 1979, p.28.

Figure 10.21

Cavity of a Hot-Runner Mold

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After H. S. Kauffman and J. J. Falcetta(eds.), “Introductin to Polymer Science and Technology” Wiley, 1977, p.462.

Compression Molds and Thermosetting

Figure 10.25

After B. B. Seymour, Plastics Technology, in “ Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology,” vol. 15, Wiley, 1968, p.802.

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Transfer Molding

Figure10.26

Courtesy of Plastics Engineering Co., Sheboygan, Wisc.

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General Purpose Thermoplastics

Materials Engineering, May 1972

Table 10.2

Polyethylene

Table 10.3

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Effect of Plasticizers on Tensile Strength

Figure 10.30

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3rd most used polymer

H H

C C

H CH3n

3rd Most Used polymer

4th most used thermoplastic

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ABS

• ABS = Acrylonitrile + Butadiene + Styrene

Heat &Chemicalresistance

Impact strength rigidity,Glossprocessing

Even More Thermoplastics

•

Table 10.5

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Thermosetting Plastics

• High thermal and dimensional stability, rigidity, resistance to creep, light weight.

Table 7.7

Source: Materials Engineering, May 1972.

Elastomers (Rubbers)

H CH3 H HC C C CH H

n

Crosslinked

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Natural Rubber - Properties

Figure 10.43

After M. Eisenstadt, “Introduction to Mechanical properties of Materials,” Macmillan, 1971, p.89.

Deformation of Thermoplastics

Elastic deformation

Elastic or plastic deformation

Plastic deformation

Figure 10.45

Figure 10.46

After T. Alfrey, “mechanical Behavior of Polymers,” Wiley-Interscience, 1967.After M. Eisenstadt, “Introduction to Mechanical properties of Materials,” Macmillan, 1971,p.264.

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Effects of Temperature on Strength

Figure 10.50

After H. E Barker and A. E.Javitz, Plastic Modeling Materials for structural and Mechanical Applications, Electr. Amnuf., May 1960.

How can we strengthen a thermoplastic polymer?

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Input

Output

Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene, (ABS).Cellulosic.Ethylene vinyl alcohol, (E/VAL).Fluoroplastics, (PTFE), (FEP, PFA, CTFE, ECTFE, ETFE).Ionomer.Liquid Crystal Polymer, (LCP).Polyacetal, (Acetal).Polyacrylates, (Acrylic).Polyacrylonitrile, (PAN), (Acrylonitrile).Polyamide, (PA), (Nylon).Polyamide-imide, (PAI).Polyaryletherketone, (PAEK), (Ketone).Polybutadiene, (PBD).Polybutylene, (PB).Polycarbonate, (PC).Polyektone, (PK).Polyester.Polyetheretherketone, (PEEK).Polyetherimide, (PEI).Polyethersulfone, (PES).Polyethylene, (PE).Polyethylenechlorinates, (PEC).Polyimide, (PI).Polymethylpentene, (PMP).Polyphenylene Oxide, (PPO).

Polyphenylene Sulfide, (PPS).Polyphthalamide, (PTA).Polypropylene, (PP).Polystyrene, (PS).Polysulfone, (PSU).Polyurethane, (PU).Polyvinylchloride, (PVC).Polyvinylidene Chloride, (PVDC).Thermoplastic elastomers, (TPE).

Thermoplastics

Allyl Resin, (Allyl).Epoxy.Melamine formaldehyde, (MF).Phenol-formaldehyde Plastic, (PF), (Phenolic).Polyester.Polyimide, (PI).Polyurethane, (PU).Silicone, (SI).

Thermosets