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Salgado 16.1 ‐16.3○Ch. 16 Lecture Notes○

Reading Assignment

Develop a spreadsheet for the design of an embedded gravity wall (see example in class notes.) Turn in your solution for the case given in the lecture notes

1.

Determine the factor of safety against overturning and sliding for the following case:

2.

Wall Dimensions Fill Properties

Top 4 ft β backfill deg 20 0.349 radians

Bottom 4 ft β toe deg 0 0.000 radians

γconcrete 150 pcf φ deg 40 0.698 radians

H 15 ft δ deg 20 0.349 radians

D 3 ft Qbackwall deg 0 0.000 radians

Qfrontwall deg 0 0.000 radians

γ backfill 120 pcf

Partial AnswerFactors of Safety

FSsliding 2.813

FSoturn 1.462

Determine the factor of safety against overturning and sliding for the following case:

3.

Wall Dimensions Fill Properties

Top 3 ft β backfill deg 0 0.000 radians

Bottom 3 ft β toe deg 0 0.000 radians

γconcrete 150 pcf φ deg 40 0.698 radians

H 10 ft δ deg 20 0.349 radians

D 0 ft Qbackwall deg 0 0.000 radians

Qfrontwall deg 0 0.000 radians

γ backfill 120 pcf

Homework Assignment

Ch. 16 Retaining StructuresMonday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 1

Failure modes(a) bearing capacity failure of base or footing(b) sliding(c) overturning(d) global instability

Introduction to Retaining StructuresMonday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 2

(a) bearing capacity failure

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/structures/11030/005.cfm

This failure was due to liquefaction of the foundation soils ‐ 2010 Chilean earthquake

Introduction to Retaining Structures (cont.)Monday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 3

(b) sliding

http://www.michael‐roberts.co.uk/photo/pmisc0.jpg

Introduction to Retaining Structures (cont.)Monday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 4

(c) overturning

http://designandbuildllc.com/design‐and‐build‐gallery/

Introduction to Retaining Structures (cont.)Monday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 5

(d) global instability

Introduction to Retaining Structures (cont.)Monday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 6

Remediation of MSE wall failure ‐ Woodlands Building C, Philippines

Introduction to Retaining Structures (cont.)Monday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 7

Remediation of MSE wall failure ‐ Woodlands Building C, Philippines

Final configuration without EPS Geofoam

Introduction to Retaining Structures (cont.)Monday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 8

K = 'h / 'v

Earth Pressure Theory ‐ Which Theory?Monday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 9

'

'

Earth Pressure Theory, Ko ConditionsMonday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 10

Earth Pressure Theory, Ko Conditions (cont.)Monday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 11

Earth Pressure Theory, Ko Conditions (cont.)Monday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 12

Earth Pressure Theory, Ko Conditions (cont.)Monday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 13

Earth Pressure Theory, Ko Conditions (cont.)Monday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 14

Earth Pressure Theory, Active StateMonday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 15

Earth Pressure Theory, Active State (cont.)Monday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 16

Earth Pressure Theory, Active State (cont.)Monday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 17

Earth Pressure Theory, Active State (cont.)Monday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 18

For sliding

For toppling

Earth pressure diagram for the active case(for case without water in backfill).

Earth pressure diagram

Active Failure State Pressure DiagramsMonday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 19

For sliding

For toppling

Earth pressure diagram for the active case(for case with water)

Earth pressure diagram Hydrostatic water pressure diagram

Active Failure State Pressure Diagrams (cont.)Monday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 20

Force diagram

EA is unknown.  Maximize EA by solving 

for dEA / d = 0

For more information, see Coulomb Theory

Active Failure State ‐ Sloped BackfillMonday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 21

Earth Pressure Theory, Passive StateMonday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 22

Earth Pressure Theory, Passive State (cont.)Monday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 23

Earth Pressure Theory, Passive State (cont.)Monday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 24

Earth Pressure Theory ‐ More Pressure DiagramsMonday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 25

Earth Pressure Theory ‐ More Pressure Diagrams (cont.)Monday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 26

Earth Pressure Theory ‐ More Pressure Diagrams (cont.)Monday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 27

Earth Pressure Theory ‐ More Pressure Diagrams (cont.)Monday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 28

Earth Pressure Theory ‐ More Pressure Diagrams (cont.)Monday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 29

Earth Pressure Theory, Coulomb Theory ‐ Active StateMonday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 30

Earth Pressure Theory, Coulomb Theory ‐ Active State (cont.)Monday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 31

Kp equation from Das, Principles of Geotechnical Engineering4th Edition.  I have corrected the error in this equation.

Earth Pressure Theory, Coulomb Theory ‐ Active and Passive StateMonday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 32

The notation in this table is different from that used in the free body diagrams in 

the previous pages.  For this table, ALPHA) is the inclination of the backwall measured from the horizontal (i.e.,  is 90 for a vertical backwall); BETA) is the inclination of the slope behind the wall,  (phi) is the internal angle of friction of 

the backfill soil, and  (delta) is the interface friction between the backfill soil and the wall (i.e., concrete).

The values in this table can be used to check your functions entered in the homework spreadsheet.

Earth Pressure Theory, Coulomb Theory ‐ Active and Passive StateMonday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 33

Earth Pressure Theory, Rankine Approximation for Sloped BackfillMonday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 34

Note that the amount of lateral displacement wlat is much larger for the passive state e when compare with that of active state.  This means that full active earth pressure is mobilized after only small displacements; whereas full passive earth pressure requires more displacement. Hence, especially for passive earth pressure, one must consider the amount of displacement that is expected in order to estimate the passive earth pressure.

Active and Passive Pressure ‐ Movement of WallMonday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 35

Active and Passive Pressure ‐ Application in Wall DesignMonday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 36

Retaining Wall Design (Free Body Diagrams ‐ Gravity Wall)Monday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 37

Retaining Wall Design (Gravity Wall ‐ Spreadsheet)Tuesday, December 5, 2017 10:49 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 38

For more information on the design of cantilevered wall systems, see handout on course website

Retaining Wall Design ( FBD ‐ Cantilevered Wall)Monday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 39

Retaining Wall Design ( FBD ‐ Cantilevered Wall with Tieback)Monday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 40

Retaining Wall Design (Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls ( MSE))Monday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 41

Soil NailingMonday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 42

Remediation of a MSE wall using soil nailing

Soil nailing ‐ Provo CanyonTo stabilize a potential landslide, which could be triggered by a cut for the new roadway alignment, Schnabel Foundation Company installed 208 encapsulated 14‐strand anchors in the sidehill cut. The anchors have a design load of 400 kips and an average installed length of 160 feet in order to make capacity behind the failure plain

From <http://www.schnabel.com/projects/view/75> 

Soil NailingMonday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 43

BlankMonday, November 9, 2015 11:43 AM

Ch. 16 - Retaining Structures Page 44

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