cervical cancer

It is important!!!

It is important!!! for female to KNOW

It is important!!!for female to KNOWWHAT IS CERVICAL

CANCER????

WHAT IS CERVICAL CANCER?

CERVIAL CANCER IS A MALIGNANT

TUMORS IN THE TISSUES OF THE

CERVIX.

Occurs when abnormal cellsdevelop and spread in the cervix,

the lower part of the uterus.

THE LATEST CANCER IN MALAYSIA

NEARLY 70,000 NEW CANCER WERE DIAGNOSED AMONG MALAYSIAN IN

PENINSULAR MALAYSIA BETWEEN 2003 & 2005, ACCORDING TO REPORT RELEASED IN EARLY 2008 ON THE INCIDENCE OF THE

DISEASE IN WEST MALAYSIA.CERVICAL CANCER is 11.9% FROM 70,000

PEOPLE….

BASED ON MALAYSIAN ONCOLOGICAL SOCIETY,

RISK OF CERVICAL CANCER INCREASES AFTER 30 YEARS

OLDAND PEAKS AT AGES 60 – 69

YEARS OLD

WHO ARE SUSPECTED TO

HAVING THE CERVICAL CANCER

THIS CANCER USUALLY OCCURS

IN WOMEN WHO HAVE AGED,BUT THE STATISTICAL

EVIDENCESHOWS, IT ALSO ATTACKWOMEN AGED 20 TO 30

YEARS.

CERVICAL CANCER IS THE SECOND MOST PREVALENT CAUSE OF DEATH AMONG

WOMEN in MALAYSIA

OVER 1100 WOMEN ARE DIAGNOSED WITH CERVICAL CANCER IN

MALAYSIA EACH YEAR...

The cervix separates the womb (or uterus) from the vagina

TYPES OF CERVICAL CANCER

There have two types of cervical cancer :

Squamous cell carcinoma

Adenocarcinoma

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA:

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA:• Starting in the

squamous or skin-like cells of the cervix.

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA:• Starting in the

squamous or skin-like cells of the cervix.

• It is the most common cancer and accounts for 80% of all cervical cancer.

ADENOCARCINOMA :

ADENOCARCINOMA :o It starts higher in the

cervix and is more difficult to diagnose with PAP test.

ADENOCARCINOMA :o It starts higher in the

cervix and is more difficult to diagnose with PAP test.

o It develops from the glandular cells and is a less common type of cancer.

HOW CERVICAL CANCERS OCCUR?

Growth of cells on the cervix that is not unusual (abnormal).

They start multiplying very quickly, building up into a lump or tumors.

Growth of cells on the cervix that is not unusual (abnormal).

They start multiplying very quickly, building up into a lump or tumors.

If left untreated, the cancer can spread to other parts of the body through the blood or lymphatic system.

Growth of cells on the cervix that is not unusual (abnormal).

They start multiplying very quickly, building up into a lump or tumors.

If left untreated, the cancer can spread to other parts of the body through the blood or lymphatic system.

This cancer can take years to develop.

Growth of cells on the cervix that is not unusual (abnormal).

They start multiplying very quickly, building up into a lump or tumors.

If left untreated, the cancer can spread to other parts of the body through the blood or lymphatic system.

This cancer can take years to develop. Before it develops, early changes take place in the cells on

the surface of the cervix. This is called the pre-cancerous stage.

Growth of cells on the cervix that is not unusual (abnormal).

They start multiplying very quickly, building up into a lump or tumors.

If left untreated, the cancer can spread to other parts of the body through the blood or lymphatic system.

This cancer can take years to develop. Before it develops, early changes take place in the cells on

the surface of the cervix. This is called the pre-cancerous stage.

The abnormal cells can easily be detected through Pap Smear test.

Growth of cells on the cervix that is not unusual (abnormal).

They start multiplying very quickly, building up into a lump or tumors.

If left untreated, the cancer can spread to other parts of the body through the blood or lymphatic system.

This cancer can take years to develop. Before it develops, early changes take place in the cells on

the surface of the cervix. This is called the pre-cancerous stage.

The abnormal cells can easily be detected through Pap Smear test.

That test is safe and inexpensive and has been used for years to detect abnormalities that occur in cells of the cervix.

STAGES OF INVASIVE CERVICAL CANCER

STAGE I

Cancer cells are found only in the cervix

The tumor has grown through the cervix and invaded the upper part of the upper part of the vagina.

It may have invaded other nearby tissues but not the pelvic wall (the lining of the part of the body between the hips) or the lower part of the vagina.

STAGES II

STAGES III

The tumor has invaded the pelvic wall or the lower part of the vagina.

If the tumor is large enough to block one or both of the tubes through which urine passes from the kidneys, lab tests may show that the kidney aren`t working well.

STAGES IV

The tumor has invaded the bladder or rectum.

Or, the cancer has spread to others parts of the body, such as the lungs.

SYMPTOMS TO LOOK OUT

SYMPTOMS TO LOOK OUT

Watery, foul smelling vaginal discharge

Painful intercourse

Vaginal bleeding between periods or after sex

Any vaginal bleeding after menopause

RISK FACTORS FOR CANCER FOR THE

CERVIX

RISK FACTORS FOR CANCER FOR THE

CERVIX

SEXUAL HABITS- Beginning sexual intercourse at a young age or having multiple partners

INFECTIOUS AGENT- The Human Papilloma Virus has been scientifically linked to cancer of the cervix

POOR PERSONAL HYGIENE TOBACCO SMOKING

INCREASING AGE-the highest frequency of this cancer has been detected in women aged 40 to 49

DO YOU KNOW WHAT CAUSES CERVIX CANCER??

It is caused by a virus HPV

WHAT IS HPV?

• HPV is short form for Human Papilloma Virus.

• This virus can cause changes in the cervix.

• HPV is not the same as HIV.

• HPV is not a new virus, but we are learning more about this virus.

• Most people who have ever had sex have had HPV at sometime in their lives

WHO CAN GET HPV

• Anyone include man and women who has ever had sex can get HPV.

• The virus spread by sex.

ARE THERE ANY SYMPTOMS OF HPV?

No. Most people will never know they have HPV.

But!! If the HPV does not go away on its own, it can cause changes in the cervix cells.

These changes usually show up on your Pap Test.

HOW IS HPV TREATED? No treatment for the type of HPV that causes cervix cell

changes, but most HPV infections go away without treatment.

Antibiotics or other medicine do not treat HPV.

Pap test shows cervix changes, your doctor or nurse will discuss these treatments with you, if you need them.

WHAT IS A PAP TEST?

An effective to test for cancerous or potentially cancerous cells.

It is a simple, painless test that can detect cancer of the cervix at an early stage when simple treatment can result in a total cure.

The pap test helps doctors find early changes in the cervix cells that might lead to cancer.

It is done during a pelvic exam.

Abnormal results on a Pap test are common.

HOW IS A PAP SMEAR TEST DONE?

A PAP SMEAR TEST is usually quite painless.

A qualified doctor or nurse will do an internal examination by gently taking cells from the surface of the cervix speculum using spatula to open.

The cells are then placed on a glass slide, which will then be sent to a laboratory for a microscopic examination.

HOW IS A PAP SMEAR TEST DONE?

WHY IS A PAP SMEAR TEST SO IMPORTANT

WHY IS A PAP SMEAR TEST SO IMPORTANT

Can detect abnormal cells, which reflect changes in the cervix before the cancer sets in.

If treated early, the cancer will not develop further.

An internal medical examination will also be done simultaneously as a Pap Smear Test to help detect other abnormal condition on infections of the reproductive tract.

WHO NEEDS A PAP SMEAR TEST?

WHO NEEDS A PAP SMEAR TEST?

• All women aged 20 and above particularly those who are sexually active.

• It should be done as a precautionary measure once a year.

• No need necessarily have any symptoms of cancer to have this test done.

WHEN SHOULD A TEST BE DONE?

WHEN SHOULD A TEST BE DONE?

o A test is best done in the middle of the menstrual cycle, seven or 10 days after the start of menstruation.

WHAT WILL THE FOLLOW-UP ACTION

BE?

WHAT WILL THE FOLLOW-UP ACTION

BE?o If any abnormalities are found, you will be treated

or referred for further investigation and treatment.

WHERE ARE PAP SMEAR TEST AVAILABLE?

WHERE ARE PAP SMEAR TEST AVAILABLE?

Government health centers

Family planning clinics

Private hospitals / clinics

WILL A PAP TEST TELL YOU IF YOU HAVE A

HPV?

WILL A PAP TEST TELL YOU IF YOU HAVE A

HPV? It would not tell you if you have or had HPV.

But, it will usually tell you if you have any cervix cell changes that could be caused by HPV.

This is the most important information for you to know.

CONCLUSIONREMEMBER!!! Most cervix cancer can be prevented. Finding abnormal cell changes early with a Pap Test can

save your life. Today, cervix cancer is rare in women who get their Pap

Tests. See a doctor or nurse and get a Pap Test. Ask a doctor or nurse how often you should have your

Pap tests. Had a HPV DNA test. Almost all women have had sex will have HPV at

sometime, but very few women will get cervix cancer.

EXAMPLE OF CERVICAL CANCER

EXAMPLE OF CERVICAL CANCER

REFERENCES1. http://www.makna.org.my/cervixcancer.asp

2. http://www.cancer.org/

3. http://www.malaysiaoncology.org/article.php?aid=122

DON`T FORGET TO DO A PAP TEST AND TAKE YOUR HPV

VACCINEBY : SYAHRINA FARHANA BINTI

JAMALUDDIN