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Centennial Mandalong Pty Ltd
Mandalong South Surface Site
Mandalong Road pavement condition report
December 2016
GHD | Report for Centennial Mandalong Pty Ltd - Mandalong South Surface Site, 22/17691 | i
Table of contents
1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1
2. Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 1
3. Findings .......................................................................................................................................... 2
4. Estimate of dilapidation .................................................................................................................. 7
4.1 Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 7
4.2 Existing pavement ESA ....................................................................................................... 7
4.3 Pavement condition ............................................................................................................. 7
4.4 Construction traffic estimates .............................................................................................. 8
4.5 Consideration of condition ................................................................................................... 8
5. Recommendation ......................................................................................................................... 11
Table index
Table 2-1 Pavement defect classification terminology ......................................................................... 1
Table 3-1 Mandalong Road observed defects (14 and 15 November 2016) ....................................... 3
Table 4-1 Existing pavement condition per road segment ................................................................... 8
Table 4-2 Pavement condition adjustment ........................................................................................... 9
Table 4-3 Pavement consumption estimate ....................................................................................... 10
Appendices
Appendix A - Figures
Appendix B - General notes
Appendix C - DVD of photos and video
GHD | Report for Centennial Mandalong Pty Ltd - Mandalong South Surface Site, 22/17691 | 1
1. Introduction
Centennial Mandalong Pty Ltd (Centennial Mandalong) is required under Development Consent
SSD-5144 condition 25 of Schedule 3 to undertake a pavement condition report prior to the
commencement of construction of the Mandalong Mine South Surface Site (MSSS). Centennial
Mandalong engaged GHD to complete the pavement dilapidation survey for the section of
Mandalong Road between the M1 motorway and proposed turn-off to the MSSS access road.
GHD has been approved by the Department of Planning and Environment to undertake these
surveys.
The purpose of the survey is to document the pre MSSS construction condition of Mandalong
Road so that post-construction comparisons can be made. This report specifically addresses
Consent condition 25(b), and identifies the current pavement condition and deficiencies. The
report also addresses condition 25(c), that requires consideration of axle loads and the quantity
of construction traffic associated with the project.
As required by the consent, within 3 months of completion, a post construction survey will be
undertaken to identify deterioration attributed to the MSSS construction. Following this,
recommended repairs (if required) will be undertaken in accordance with Austroads standards.
These relate to Consent condition 25(d).
This report should be read in conjunction with the General Notes provided in Appendix B.
2. Methodology
The survey was undertaken by GHD geotechnical engineers and drafting assistant on 14 and
15 November 2016. Geo-referenced photographs were taken of pavement defects and videos
were taken with a vehicle mounted camera driving along both lanes.
Pavement defects were logged using a tablet with positioning provided by an external GPS
device (Garmin GLO). Each defect or group of defects was classified using terminology defined
in “A guide to the Visual Assessment of Pavement Condition” published in 1987 by NAASRA
(now in Austroads AGPT05-11 Appendix A, 2011). Table 2-1 below summarises these
classifications for flexible sealed pavements.
Table 2-1 Pavement defect classification terminology
Name (Code) Description
Rutting (DR) Longitudinal deformation in a wheelpath. Result of densification of pavement layers, including subgrade or plastic shear deformation of upper layers. Mostly in the outer wheelpath nearest to the pavement edge.
Shoving, Plastic Flow (DS)
Shoving: Bulging and horizontal deformation of the road surface – generally occurs in areas of high shear stress.
Plastic flow: Deformation in asphalt of asphalt surfaces.
Depression and Heave (DD)
Irregular depressions and bulges in the pavement surface.
Corrugations (DC)
Transverse undulations in the pavement surface or base, most commonly associated with spray seal or unsealed pavements but can occur in thin asphalt surfacing.
Block Cracking (CB)
Interconnected cracks forming a series of blocks approximately rectangular in shape. Typically distributed over a large area of pavement.
Crocodile Cracking (Crazing) (CR)
Interconnected or interlaced cracks forming a series of small polygons resembling a crocodile skin. Crocodile cracking is often confined to the wheelpaths and may have a noticeable longitudinal grain.
2 | GHD | Report for Centennial Mandalong Pty Ltd - Mandalong South Surface Site, 22/17691
Name (Code) Description
Transverse Cracking (CT)
An unconnected crack running across the pavement.
Diagonal Cracking (CD)
An unconnected crack running diagonally across the pavement.
Meandering Cracking (CM)
Unconnected irregular crack, varying in line and direction; which usually occurs singly.
Crescent Shaped Cracking (CC)
Crescent, or half moon shaped, cracks often occurring in closely-spaced parallel groups and commonly associated with shoving. Most commonly associated with asphalt surfacings.
Longitudinal Cracking (CL)
Cracks which run longitudinally. Can occur singly or as a series of parallel or echelon cracks. Some limited branching can occur.
Edge Break (EB)
Occurs along the unsupported edges of asphalt or sprayed seal surfaces where the surface of an unsealed shoulder is below the level of the adjacent pavement surface. Seal/shoulder interface is directly trafficked resulting in abrasion and shear failure of pavement edge (manifest as fretting).
Edge Drop-off (ED)
The vertical distance from the surface of the seal at the edge to the surface of the shoulder. Not usually considered a deflect if the drop-off is less than 10 mm to 15 mm.
Delamination (SD)
Loss of a discrete section of wearing course layer. A feature of delamination is that there is usually a clear delineation between the wearing course and the lower layer.
Stripping of Sprayed Seals (SS)
The loss of aggregate from a sprayed seal leaving the binder exposed to direct tyre contact.
Stripping of Asphalt (SS)
The loss of bitumen and/or mineral aggregate or filler from an asphalt layer. The stripping could occur on the surface or within the layer.
Ravelling (or Fretting) (SR)
Progressive disintegration of pavement surface by loss of both binder and aggregate.
Flushing (SF) An excess of binder on the surface of a pavement, which is liable to pick-up on tyres during hot weather. Manifest as low texture depth and inadequate tyre to stone contact
Polishing (SP) Smoothing and rounding of the upper surface of a sealing aggregate, usually occurs in the wheel tracks. Identified by relative appearance and feel of trafficked and untrafficked areas.
Potholing (HO) A steep-sided or bowl-shaped cavity extending into layers below the wearing course.
Patches (PA) A repaired section of pavement ranging in size from less than 1 m2 to many linear metres of a half or even full pavement width.
3. Findings
Table 3-1 below lists the logged defects or groups of defects together with their classifications
and observations. The figures in Appendix A show the locations of logged defects, each with a
unique identifier that relates to the photo file names. Copies of photos and videos are included
on the DVD in Appendix C.
A GIS map in ArcGIS format can be provided if required. It includes defect locations,
classification metadata and linked photos. ArcReader software is required to view the map.
GHD | Report for Centennial Mandalong Pty Ltd - Mandalong South Surface Site, 22/17691 | 3
Table 3-1 Mandalong Road observed defects (14 and 15 November 2016)
ID Chainage (m) Lane Defect Type Code Dimensions Comments Photos
D1 67 Centre Ravelling SR 70 m long by 0.5 m wide Defects likely due to vehicles doing burnouts
1479078871570.jpg, 1479078860706.jpg, 1479079949298.jpg, 1479080117275.jpg, 1479079967897.jpg
D2 164 Centre Ravelling SR 32 m long by 0.5 to 2.0 m wide Defects likely due to vehicles doing burnouts
1479080483065.jpg, 1479080559357.jpg, 1479080502989.jpg, 1479080629394.jpg, 1479080586651.jpg
D3 180 RH Delamination SD 1.3 m x 0.4 m Part of D02 1479080878149.jpg, 1479080951007.jpg
D4 225 Centre Ravelling SR 50 m long by 0.5 to 2.0 m wide Defects likely due to vehicles doing burnouts 1479081196206.jpg, 1479081211497.jpg, 1479081242946.jpg
D5 291 LH Shoulder Ravelling or delamination SR or SD 4.0 m by 1.0 m 1479081499639.jpg, 1479081517526.jpg
D6 315 Both lanes Ravelling SR 60 m long x 20 m wide 1479082092223.jpg, 1479082183428.jpg, 1479082227488.jpg
D7 582 LH and RH Crocodile cracking x 2, Ravelling, Rutting
CR, SR and DR
CR = 1.0 x 0.9 m; SR = 4 x 1 m; DR=2.5 x 1 x 0.04
Ravelling and Rutting occurred in patchwork
1479083833524.jpg, 1479083950716.jpg, 1479083875013.jpg, 1479083885158.jpg, 1479083923414.jpg
D8 573 LH Ravelling & Delamination SR & SD 10 m long x 2 m wide
1479084260055.jpg, 1479084232099.jpg, 1479084281356.jpg, 1479084310355.jpg, 1479084351799.jpg, 1479084336042.jpg
D9 608 LH and RH Transverse crack CT 8.0 m long Persists through road width 1479085397302.jpg
D10 791 LH Longitudinal cracking CL 77 m long 1479085898201.jpg, 1479086068588.jpg, 1479085972770.jpg
D11 816 RH Longitudinal crack CL 21 m long 1479086728080.jpg
D12 839 RH Longitudinal crack CT 30 m long 1479086840854.jpg, 1479086867720.jpg
D13 1044 LH & RH Longitudinal cracks CL Up to 10.0 m long Trace CL up to 10 m long between D12 & D14
D14 1251 LH & RH Crocodile cracking and Rutting x 4 CD & DR
2.2 m x 1.4 m x 0.03 m / 3 m x 0.5 x 0.02 (2 of)
1479088314713.jpg, 1479088376050.jpg, 1479088559909.jpg, 1479088488784.jpg, 1479088386846.jpg, 1479088637932.jpg, 1479089312501.jpg
D15 1279 RH Crocodile cracking & Rutting CR & DR 3.0 m x 1.0 x 0.03 m 1479089480077.jpg
D16 1286
LH & CENTRE of RH Crocodile cracking & shoving CD & DS 3.0 m x 0.5 m / 1.0 m x 0.5 m
1479089716712.jpg, 1479089744766.jpg, 1479089827556.jpg, 1479089907827.jpg, 1479089866867.jpg
D17 1296 LH Crocodile cracking x 2, Rutting & Pothole
CD, DR & HO
CD = 5.0 X 1.0 m | DR & CD = 2.0 x 1.5 x 0.05 | HO = 0.4 x 0.6
1479090267843.jpg, 1479090254692.jpg, 1479090339121.jpg, 1479090295952.jpg, 1479090353628.jpg
D18 1306 LH & RH Crocodile cracking CD 3.0 m x 0.5 m
1479090497885.jpg, 1479090508808.jpg, 1479090539326.jpg, 1479090559847.jpg, 1479090638127.jpg
D19 1317 LH Crocodile cracking CD 4.0 m x 1.0 m 1479090804878.jpg, 1479090904497.jpg, 1479090863739.jpg
D20 1362 LH Crocodile cracking CD 15 m x 0.5 to 1.0 m 1479094842754.jpg, 1479094942153.jpg
D21 1396 LH Crocodile cracking CD 1.0 m x 0.7 m Minor depression 1479095092673.jpg
D22 1411 LH Crocodile cracking and Pothole CD & HO CD = 8.0 x 1.3 m | HO = 0.7 x 0.4 m
1479095299281.jpg, 1479095411670.jpg, 1479095470815.jpg, 1479095525693.jpg, 1479095558345.jpg, 1479095492820.jpg
D23 1442 LH & RH Polishing and Ravelling SP, SR 8.0 x 0.5 m Generally in wheel paths of both lanes 1479095762198.jpg, 1479095786109.jpg, 1479095804844.jpg
D24 1479 LH Edge break EB 1.0 m long 1479095915624.jpg, 1479095926386.jpg
D25 1532 LH Minor rutting, irregular cracking and corrugations
DR, CC & DC 20 m x 3 m section 1479096273538.jpg, 1479096286978.jpg, 1479096299741.jpg
D26 1590 LH & RH Crocodile cracking x 3 CD 2.5 x 2.0 m 1479096680101.jpg, 1479096715582.jpg, 1479096744374.jpg
D27 1612 LH Crocodile cracking x 2 CD 4 .0 x 0.5 m 1479096856493.jpg, 1479096891190.jpg
D28 1631 LH Edge break EB 3.0 m long 1479097422167.jpg, 1479097375300.jpg, 1479097450100.jpg
D29 1689 LH Edge drop ED 10 m long Previously patched 1479097773363.jpg, 1479097789408.jpg, 1479097748782.jpg
4 | GHD | Report for Centennial Mandalong Pty Ltd - Mandalong South Surface Site, 22/17691
ID Chainage (m) Lane Defect Type Code Dimensions Comments Photos
D30 1718 LH Edge drop ED 18 m long 1479097924381.jpg, 1479097948602.jpg
D31 1859 Centre Pothole HO 0.5 x 0.4 1479098285062.jpg, 1479098336601.jpg
D32 1947 Centre Crocodile cracking CD 3.0 x 0.5 m Partially patched 1479098483779.jpg, 1479098503031.jpg
D33 1963 Centre Pothole HO 0.7 x 0.5 m 1479098600126.jpg, 1479098637760.jpg
D34 2049 LH Edge break EB 1.0 m long 1479098790288.jpg
D35 2078 LH Shoving DS 2.0 x 1.0 x 0.03 m 1479098913222.jpg, 1479098888622.jpg, 1479098897928.jpg
D36 2388 LH Edge drop ED 25 m long 1479099267748.jpg, 1479099321253.jpg
D37 2828 LH Crocodile cracking and Rutting 2 CD & DR 3.0 x 3.0 x 0.04 m
Generally, in wheel paths. Previously patched 1479100348946.jpg, 1479100315238.jpg, 1479100296821.jpg, 1479100330412.jpg
D38 2853 LH & centre of RH
Crocodile cracking and rutting or depression/heave
CD & DR | CD & DD 6.0 m x 4.0 m 1479100602361.jpg
D39 2864 LH Crocodile cracking CD 1.4 x 4.0 m 1479101034975.jpg
D40 2859 RH Shoving DS 3.2 x 1.0 x 0.06 m Previously repaired 1479101176364.jpg, 1479101195242.jpg
D41 2875 Centre of RH Crocodile cracking and Rutting CD & DR 1.5 x 0.5 m 1479101328855.jpg, 1479101351221.jpg
D42 2886 RH Ravelling SR 7.0 x 2.7 m 1479101510460.jpg
D43 2869 LH & RH Block cracking and longitudinal cracking CB
6.0 m long through width of road x 35 m long
Cracking occurring on edge of patchwork 1479158933005.jpg, 1479158897506.jpg, 1479158855862.jpg, 1479158783098.jpg
D44 2882 LH Depression & Crocodile Cracking DD & CD 3.0 m x 1.0 m x 0.04 m Pothole forming 1479159392189.jpg, 1479159419045.jpg
D45 2899 LH Crocodile cracking and shoving CD & DS 7.0 m x 3.0 m
1479159585850.jpg, 1479159640623.jpg, 1479159603779.jpg, 1479159677962.jpg, 1479159660662.jpg
D46 2906 LH Crocodile cracking CD 11.0m x 1.5 m 1479159796598.jpg
D47 2933 RH Edge Crocodile cracking & pothole CD & HO 5.5 m x 1.0 m 1479159942475.jpg, 1479159957531.jpg, 1479159930290.jpg
D48 2994 RH Crocodile cracking x 2 CD 2.0 m x 3.0 m | 2.0 m x 1.0 m 1479160128678.jpg, 1479160152023.jpg, 1479160166257.jpg
D49 3023 RH Edge Crocodile cracking CD 10 m x 0.5-1.0 m Patched in areas | Minor potholes 1479160329836.jpg, 1479160345607.jpg
D50 2923 RH Crocodile cracking CD 18.0 m x 0.5 m 1479160610063.jpg
D51 3215 LH Crocodile cracking and Pothole x 4 CD & HO
CD = 4.0 m x 2.0 m | HO = 0.7 m x 0.5 m
D52 3221 RH Edge Crocodile cracking and Pothole CD & HO 5.0 m x 1.0 m Patched in areas 1479165415743.jpg, 1479165431217.jpg, 1479165452981.jpg
D53 3239 RH Crocodile cracking and Pothole CD & HO CD = 8.0 x 3.0 m | HO = 0.25 x 0.25 m 1479165603129.jpg, 1479165623287.jpg
D54 3249 LH Crocodile cracking and Pothole x 3 CD & HO
CD = 17.0 x 0.5 m | HO x 3 = 0.4 x 0.3 m
Crocodile cracking prominent in LH wheel paths
1479165867537.jpg, 1479165880679.jpg, 1479165918516.jpg, 1479165927856.jpg, 1479165955181.jpg
D55 3256 Centre Pothole HO 0.45 x 0.35 m 1479166070575.jpg, 1479166078818.jpg
D56 3292 Centre Pothole x 3, rutting, crocodile crack & polishing
HO, DR, CD & SP
HO = 0.15 m dia | DR/CD = 7.0 x 0.5 m
1479166396144.jpg, 1479166413670.jpg, 1479166428523.jpg, 1479166440957.jpg, 1479166472679.jpg
D57 3315 LH Crocodile cracking and Pothole CD & HO CD = 5.0 x 0.5 m | HO = 0.4 x 0.3 m 1479166658913.jpg, 1479166667770.jpg, 1479166683426.jpg
D58 3325 LH Rutting and Pothole x 5 DR & HO DR = 5.0 x 0.5 m | HO = 0.4 X 0.3 1479166814770.jpg, 1479166838364.jpg, 1479166855010.jpg, 1479166865166.jpg
D59 3337 LH Pothole x 23 and minor crocodile cracking HO & CD HO between 0.1 m and 0.4 m dia
1479166983364.jpg, 1479166995633.jpg, 1479167020270.jpg, 1479167030195.jpg, 1479167057821.jpg, 1479167113353.jpg, 1479167127575.jpg, 1479167144186.jpg, 1479167160661.jpg, 1479167188408.jpg, 1479167206452.jpg
D60 3390 RH Crocodile cracking, rutting and pothole (x2)
CD, DR, HO
CD/DR = 14.0 x 0.5 x 0.03 m | HO = 0.5 or 0.2 m d 1479167712227.jpg, 1479167726694.jpg, 1479167739298.jpg, 1479167751577.jpg
GHD | Report for Centennial Mandalong Pty Ltd - Mandalong South Surface Site, 22/17691 | 5
ID Chainage (m) Lane Defect Type Code Dimensions Comments Photos
D61 3429 LH Crocodile cracking, rutting and potholes (x2)
CD, DR & HO
CD/DR = 16.0 x 0.5 x 0.03 m | HO = 0.3 m dia 1479167968715.jpg, 1479167985243.jpg, 1479168001204.jpg, 1479168017350.jpg
D62 3941 LH Shoving/rutting & longitudinal cracking
DS/DR & CL 15.0 x 1.5 x 0.06 m Polishing occurred within shoving 1479168478903.jpg, 1479168516108.jpg, 1479168542962.jpg
D63 3950 RH Rutting, polishing and longitudinal cracking
DR, SP & CL 4.0 x 0.5 x 0.04 m 1479168712686.jpg
D64 4622 RH Edge Crocodile cracking CD 8.0 x 0.5 m 1479169177217.jpg, 1479169192102.jpg, 1479169212908.jpg, 1479169229352.jpg
D65 4693 LH Edge Edge break and edge drop EB & ED 10.0 m long Access to residence 1479169440289.jpg, 1479169457128.jpg, 1479169470032.jpg
D66 4997 LH Depression and heave DD 3.0 m long x 0.2 wide x 0.06 m high Irregular deformation in pavement 1479170021917.jpg, 1479170038951.jpg, 1479170054959.jpg
D67 5109 LH Edge Edge drop ED 6.0 m long 1479170701194.jpg, 1479170708797.jpg, 1479170724166.jpg
D68 5135 LH Block cracking CB 7.0 m x 6.0 m 1479170846379.jpg, 1479170861074.jpg, 1479170877780.jpg
D69 5153 LH Longitudinal cracking CL 6.0 m long 1479171041088.jpg
D70 5164 LH Rutting, longitudinal cracking and polishing
DR, CL & SP 9.0 x 0.5 x 0.03 m 1479171182469.jpg, 1479171198733.jpg, 1479171218707.jpg
D71 2933 LH Edge Edge break and edge drop ED & EB 17.0 m long Timber Road 1479172043734.jpg, 1479172090590.jpg, 1479172109233.jpg, 1479172123070.jpg
D72 5392 LH Edge Edge break and edge drop EB & ED 12.0 m long Access to residence 1479172551665.jpg, 1479172560895.jpg, 1479172580877.jpg
D73 5593 LH Edge drop ED D 23.0 m long Access to residence 1479172826895.jpg, 1479172835885.jpg, 1479172849294.jpg, 1479172878876.jpg
D74 5636 LH Edge Edge break and rutting EB & DR EB = 5.0 m long | DR = 0.8 x 0.4 x 0.04 m Access to residence 1479172990920.jpg, 1479173002639.jpg, 1479173035857.jpg
D75 5629 RH Edge Edge break EB 1.0 m long 1479173274376.jpg
D76 5668 RH Edge Edge break EB 1.2 m long Access to residence 1479173368418.jpg
D77 5745 LH Crocodile cracking and rutting CD & DR 4.0 m x 1.0 m x 0.02 m 1479173978434.jpg, 1479173996976.jpg, 1479174022976.jpg
D78 5761 LH Crocodile cracking and pothole CD & HO CD = 5.0 x 0.5 m | HO = 0.3 x 0.2 m 1479174197039.jpg, 1479174209016.jpg, 1479174221735.jpg, 1479174231935.jpg
D79 5782 LH Edge break x 3 EB 2.5 to 3.0 m long Partially repaired in places 1479174339256.jpg, 1479174361911.jpg, 1479174372126.jpg
D80 5827 LH Edge drop ED 6.0 m long 1479174486520.jpg, 1479174502498.jpg
D81 5841 LH Crocodile cracking and Rutting CD & DR 14.0 m x 3.0 m x 0.03 m
1479174611836.jpg, 1479174619623.jpg, 1479174636894.jpg, 1479174671807.jpg, 1479174682696.jpg
D82 5925 RH Edge Crocodile cracking CD 2.0 x 1.0 m Partially patched 1479178701465.jpg, 1479178711720.jpg, 1479178723118.jpg
D83 5975 RH Edge break EB 7.0 m long 1479178806907.jpg, 1479178823439.jpg
D84 6023 RH Crocodile cracking CD 25 x 0.5 m Minor cracking 1479179001111.jpg, 1479179015525.jpg
D85 6050 RH Edge break x 2 and crocodile cracking EB & CD
EB = 1.0 and 2.0 m long | CD = 40 x 0.5 m
Minor CD from 5 m north of Dxx to Little Valley Rd
1479179214115.jpg, 1479179240162.jpg, 1479179255288.jpg, 1479179373728.jpg, 1479179390569.jpg
D86 6058 LH Edge break EB 12.0 m long Chapman Rd 1479179486982.jpg, 1479179498864.jpg, 1479179519317.jpg
D87 6101 RH Pothole x 5 and crocodile cracking HO, CD
HO = 0.2 - 0.5 m d | CD = 5.0 x 2.0 m | ED = 2.0 m Little Valley Rd
1479179735244.jpg, 1479179746027.jpg, 1479179753241.jpg, 1479179768105.jpg, 1479179779544.jpg, 1479179800685.jpg, 1479179825639.jpg, 1479179835746.jpg, 1479179902546.jpg
D88 6114 RH Edge Pothole HO 0.35 x 0.40 m 1479179983919.jpg, 1479179994934.jpg
D89 6117 LH Edge Delamination SD 2.0 x 1.0 m 1479180083502.jpg, 1479180093084.jpg, 1479180113499.jpg
D90 6152 LH Edge drop ED 20 m long 1479180227005.jpg, 1479180245542.jpg
D91 6162 LH Edge drop ED 1.5 m long Access to residence 1479180302747.jpg, 1479180316433.jpg
D92 6293 RH Longitudinal crack CL 3.5 m long
D93 6315 LH Edge break EB 1479180654022.jpg
6 | GHD | Report for Centennial Mandalong Pty Ltd - Mandalong South Surface Site, 22/17691
ID Chainage (m) Lane Defect Type Code Dimensions Comments Photos
D94 6336 LH & Centre Longitudinal crack x 3 CL 6 - 12 m long 1479180764599.jpg, 1479180792618.jpg
D95 6362 RH Longitudinal crack CL 8 m long 1479180878131.jpg, 1479180892068.jpg, 1479180905451.jpg
D96 6425 LH & RH Longitudinal crack x 2 CL 10 & 16 m long 1479181221800.jpg, 1479181239046.jpg, 1479181295928.jpg
D97 6656 LH Edge break EB 2.3 m long 1479181478388.jpg, 1479181488616.jpg, 1479181505176.jpg
D98 6715 LH Edge break EB 15 m long Access to paddock 1479181693602.jpg, 1479181703844.jpg, 1479181713954.jpg, 1479181733793.jpg
D99 LH Edge break EB 1.7 m long 1479181881677.jpg, 1479181892837.jpg
D100 6502 RH and centre Longitudinal crack CL Between 10 and 30 m
Minor CL between two defect markers 1479182232622.jpg, 1479182240360.jpg, 1479182256188.jpg, 1479182275955.jpg
D101 6269 Centre Pothole x 7 HO 0.1 x 0.07 m Reflective centre markers pulled out 1479182588261.jpg, 1479182601131.jpg
D102 6265 RH Edge break EB 1.0 m 1479182681040.jpg, 1479182689230.jpg
D103 6196 RH Edge break EB 3.5 m long 1479182895725.jpg, 1479182909726.jpg
D104 6161 RH Edge break EB 30 m long 1479183007990.jpg, 1479183020702.jpg, 1479183032317.jpg, 1479183040873.jpg
D105 5537 RH Crocodile cracking CD 8.0 m x 1.5 m 1479183259742.jpg, 1479183273967.jpg, 1479183282922.jpg, 1479183301304.jpg
D106 5282 RH Edge Delamination x 3 SD 0.2 to 0.5 m square 1479183585840.jpg, 1479183605256.jpg
D107 4833 RH Edge drop ED 18 m long 1479183826978.jpg, 1479183840345.jpg, 1479183848136.jpg
D108 3768 RH Edge break EB 9 m long Access to residence 1479184205662.jpg, 1479184219818.jpg
D109 398 RH Edge drop ED 16m IMG_0753.JPG, IMG_0754.JPG, IMG_0755.JPG, IMG_0756.JPG
D110 483 RH Edge drop ED 40m IMG_0758.JPG, IMG_0759.JPG, IMG_0760.JPG, IMG_0761.JPG
GHD | Report for Centennial Mandalong Pty Ltd - Mandalong South Surface Site, 22/17691 | 7
4. Estimate of dilapidation
Consent condition 25(c), requires consideration of axle loads and the quantity of construction
traffic associated with the project.
The estimate is based on equating the impact from additional traffic generated from project,
sourced from the Traffic Impact Assessment, and comparing against the existing condition and
design life of existing pavement.
4.1 Methodology
Road pavements are designed on the number of heavy vehicles to use the pavement over its
design life. The method is well defined and is based on converting heavy vehicle movements to
Equivalent Standard Axles (ESA). Pavement designers use this number to determine the depth
and composition of pavements in accordance with methods prescribed by Austroads and other
standards.
Using the findings from the Traffic Impact Assessment, the ESA for the Project was able to be
estimated. By comparing the Project and design ESAs, simplistically, the proportion of the
pavement consumed by the Project could be estimated. This would provide an estimate of total
pavement life consumed.
Further, using our visual inspection of pavement condition, we were able to roughly determine
the remaining life of the pavement and hence establish the ESA remaining in the pavement. By
comparing this to the Project ESA, we can estimate the total remaining life consumed.
Although it is more equitable for the Project to be judged on total life of pavement consumed,
reality is the Project will be required to reinstate the total remaining life consumed. This means,
the Project can be penalised by using roads that are in poor condition, however this is the
standard way of assessing dilapidation for projects where pavement damage occurs.
4.2 Existing pavement ESA
The existing (design) pavement ESA has been specified by LMCC in their design standards and
confirmed in their review of the MSSS Access Road intersection design approval. The design
ESA for the pavement is 400,000.
4.3 Pavement condition
Road pavement condition was assessed through visual inspection and classified on a scale of 1
(excellent) to 5 (poor). This rating system is consistent with current local government practice,
and is holistic of the overall road, and higher level than the detailed defects identified earlier in
the report. The visual inspection used visual indicators such as potholes, cracking and rutting to
quantify condition.
8 | GHD | Report for Centennial Mandalong Pty Ltd - Mandalong South Surface Site, 22/17691
Table 4-1 presents the existing pavement condition of each road in segments.
Table 4-1 Existing pavement condition per road segment
Road From To Speed limit (km/h)
Road type (sealed or unsealed)
Condition rating (scale 1 to 5)
Mandalong Road
M1 motorway Shed between Morans Ck & Deaves Road
80 S 1
Shed on floodplain
Deaves Road 80 S 3
Deaves Road East Timber Road 80 S 2
East Timber Road Browns Road 80 S 3
Browns Road Tobins Road 80 S 2
Tobins Road Chapman Road 80 S 2
Chapman Road MSSS Access Road
80 S 2
4.4 Construction traffic estimates
Although the overall construction programme could be spread over a 2 year (or so) period, it is
expected there will be durations of inactivity and little or no traffic. Based on an anticipated
construction activity period of 12 months, 6 days a week, approximately 5 heavy vehicle
movements are estimated daily with a maximum of 35 during peak times. The duration of the
peak is estimated to be 16 weeks and caused by imported material deliveries (gravel) for the
access road.
The total heavy vehicles during a 12-month construction period equates to 8880 vehicles and
11,189 equivalent standard axles (ESA). These volumes agree generally with the Traffic Impact
Assessment report for an average of 12 heavy vehicle arrivals per day.
As indicated by the Traffic Impact Assessment the Project is not expected to have any
significant impacts on the performance, efficiency and safety of the midblock road capacity. A
high level of service (LOS) is maintained thus reinforcing the fact that the increase in traffic is
not significant.
4.5 Consideration of condition
The ESA calculations undertaken provide an indication of the number of axles the existing
pavement should have been designed for. This assumption has been confirmed by LMCC in
their intersection design review.
The calculation assumes that the pavement is new, which the roads are clearly not. To
understand the life remaining in the pavement, we have applied a factor to the pavement to
account for loss of life to existing pavement and to better reflect the remaining capacity of the
pavement. The factor relates to our visual condition assessment.
GHD | Report for Centennial Mandalong Pty Ltd - Mandalong South Surface Site, 22/17691 | 9
Table 4-2 presents the factors applied to each pavement condition to account for the residual
remaining life.
Table 4-2 Pavement condition adjustment
Observed condition Rating Life remaining (%)
Good 1 90
Satisfactory to good 2 70
Satisfactory 3 50
Satisfactory to poor 4 30
Poor 5 10
With these factors applied to the road segment ESAs, we can compare Project ESA (heavy
vehicles) to the remaining life, to establish the level of pavement consumed by the Project. This
is the predicted dilapidation as shown in Table 4-3.
10 | GHD | Report for Centennial Mandalong Pty Ltd - Mandalong South Surface Site, 22/17691
Table 4-3 Pavement consumption estimate
Road From To Construction ESA
Equivalent Standard Axles for design pavement (ESA)
Remaining pavement design life used for Design (%)
Condition rating (scale 1 to 5)
Remaining life ESA for existing pavement
Remaining pavement life used for Construction (%)
Mandalong Road M1 motorway Shed on floodplain 11,189 400,000 2.8 1 360,000 3.1
Shed on floodplain
Deaves Road 11,189 400,000 2.8 3 200,000 5.6
Deaves Road East Timber Road 11,189 400,000 2.8 2 280,000 4.0
East Timber Road Browns Road 11,189 400,000 2.8 3 200,000 5.6
Browns Road Tobins Road 11,189 400,000 2.8 2 280,000 4.0
Tobins Road Chapman Road 11,189 400,000 2.8 2 280,000 4.0
Chapman Road MSSS Access Road
11,189 400,000 2.8 2 280,000 4.0
GHD | Report for Centennial Mandalong Pty Ltd - Mandalong South Surface Site, 22/17691 | 11
Pavement consumption as a result of project construction is estimated to be in the range of 3%
to 6% of the remaining pavement life. This is considered low impact.
It is not anticipated that construction traffic will cause widespread pavement failures but may
cause deterioration of the existing defects as discussed above in Table 3-1. The existing
defects do not require repair prior to construction commencing.
5. Recommendation
This is a baseline survey to identify current pavement surface conditions prior to construction of
the MSSS. In consideration of Austroads Guide to Road Design, the road is suitable for
construction traffic and no repairs are necessary prior to construction commencing.
GHD | Report for Centennial Mandalong Pty Ltd - Mandalong South Surface Site, 22/17691
Appendices
GHD | Report for Centennial Mandalong Pty Ltd - Mandalong South Surface Site, 22/17691
Appendix A - Figures
Level 3, GHD Tower, 24 Honeysuckle Drive, Newcastle NSW 2300 T 61 2 4979 9999 F 61 2 4979 9988 E ntlmail@ghd.com W www.ghd.com.au
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Mandalong Road
Old Maitland Road
Ker ry
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rive
Morans Creek
Stockton Creek
D1
D2D3D4
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D7 D8D9D10D11D12
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D109
D110
© Land and Property Information 2015
G:\22\17691\GIS\Maps\Deliverables\Defects\2217691_D001_Defects_1.mxd© 2016. Whilst every care has been taken to prepare this map, GHD and LPI make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and cannot accept liability and responsibility of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred by any party as a result of the map being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason.
LEGEND0 50 100 15025
MetresMap Projection: Transverse Mercator
Horizontal Datum: GDA 1994Grid: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 56
Centennial CoalMandalong Southern Extension Project
Mandalong RoadFigure 1-1
Job NumberRevision 1
22-17691
23 Nov 2016
Pavement Surveyo Date
Data source: LPI: DCDB/DTDB, 2012. LPI: Aerial, 2015. Created by: kpsroba
Paper Size A3
#* DefectMandalong Road
Level 3, GHD Tower, 24 Honeysuckle Drive, Newcastle NSW 2300 T 61 2 4979 9999 F 61 2 4979 9988 E ntlmail@ghd.com W www.ghd.com.au
0
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D41
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Mandalong Road
Timber
Road
Browns
RoadS toc
kto
n Creek
Tobins Creek
Morans Creek
D27
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D71
© Land and Property Information 2015
G:\22\17691\GIS\Maps\Deliverables\Defects\2217691_D001_Defects_1.mxd© 2016. Whilst every care has been taken to prepare this map, GHD and LPI make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and cannot accept liability and responsibility of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred by any party as a result of the map being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason.
LEGEND0 50 100 15025
MetresMap Projection: Transverse Mercator
Horizontal Datum: GDA 1994Grid: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 56
Centennial CoalMandalong Southern Extension Project
Mandalong RoadFigure 1-2
Job NumberRevision 1
22-17691
23 Nov 2016
Pavement Surveyo Date
Data source: LPI: DCDB/DTDB, 2012. LPI: Aerial, 2015. Created by: kpsroba
Paper Size A3
#* DefectMandalong Road
Level 3, GHD Tower, 24 Honeysuckle Drive, Newcastle NSW 2300 T 61 2 4979 9999 F 61 2 4979 9988 E ntlmail@ghd.com W www.ghd.com.au
0
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Morans C reek
Tobins Creek
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© Land and Property Information 2015
G:\22\17691\GIS\Maps\Deliverables\Defects\2217691_D001_Defects_1.mxd© 2016. Whilst every care has been taken to prepare this map, GHD and LPI make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and cannot accept liability and responsibility of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred by any party as a result of the map being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason.
LEGEND0 50 100 15025
MetresMap Projection: Transverse Mercator
Horizontal Datum: GDA 1994Grid: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 56
Centennial CoalMandalong Southern Extension Project
Mandalong RoadFigure 1-3
Job NumberRevision 1
22-17691
23 Nov 2016
Pavement Survey
o Date
Data source: LPI: DCDB/DTDB, 2012. LPI: Aerial, 2015. Created by: kpsroba
Paper Size A3
#* DefectMandalong Road
Level 3, GHD Tower, 24 Honeysuckle Drive, Newcastle NSW 2300 T 61 2 4979 9999 F 61 2 4979 9988 E ntlmail@ghd.com W www.ghd.com.au
0
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Chapman Road
Mandalong Road
Little Valley Road
Morans Creek
D69D70
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© Land and Property Information 2015
G:\22\17691\GIS\Maps\Deliverables\Defects\2217691_D001_Defects_1.mxd© 2016. Whilst every care has been taken to prepare this map, GHD and LPI make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and cannot accept liability and responsibility of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred by any party as a result of the map being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason.
LEGEND0 50 100 15025
MetresMap Projection: Transverse Mercator
Horizontal Datum: GDA 1994Grid: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 56
Centennial CoalMandalong Southern Extension Project
Mandalong RoadFigure 1-4
Job NumberRevision 1
22-17691
23 Nov 2016
Pavement Survey
o Date
Data source: LPI: DCDB/DTDB, 2012. LPI: Aerial, 2015. Created by: kpsroba
Paper Size A3
#* DefectMandalong Road
GHD | Report for Centennial Mandalong Pty Ltd - Mandalong South Surface Site, 22/17691
Appendix B - General notes
GHD GEOTECHNICS Specialist Services in Geotechnical Engineering, Geology, Field/Laboratory Testing and Hydrogeology www.ghd.com.au/ghdgeotechnics
GENERAL NOTES
The report contains the results of a geotechnical investigation conducted for a specific purpose and client. The results should not be used by other parties, or for other purposes, as they may contain neither adequate nor appropriate information. In particular, the investigation does not cover contamination issues unless specifically required to do so by the client.
TEST HOLE LOGGING
The information on the test hole logs (boreholes, test pits, exposures etc.) is based on a visual and tactile assessment, except at the discrete locations where test information is available (field and/or laboratory results). The test hole logs include both factual data and inferred information. Moreover, the location of test holes should be considered approximate, unless noted otherwise (refer report). Reference should also be made to the relevant standard sheets for the explanation of logging procedures (Soil and Rock Descriptions, Core Log Sheet Notes etc.).
GROUNDWATER
Re
f:
DS
5.5
.1
Issu
e 1
.6
Date
: 2
8/0
7/2
00
9
Unless otherwise indicated, the water levels presented on the test hole logs are the levels of free water or seepage in the test hole recorded at the given time of measuring. The actual groundwater level may differ from this recorded level depending on material permeabilities (i.e. depending on response time of the measuring instrument). Further, variations of this level could occur with time due to such effects as seasonal, environmental and tidal fluctuations or construction activities. Confirmation of groundwater levels, phreatic surfaces or piezometric pressures can only be made by appropriate instrumentation techniques and monitoring programmes.
INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
The discussion or recommendations contained within this report normally are based on a site evaluation from discrete test hole data, often with only approximate locations (e.g. GPS). Generalised, idealised or inferred subsurface conditions (including any geotechnical cross-sections) have been assumed or prepared by interpolation and/or extrapolation of these data. As such these conditions are an interpretation and must be considered as a guide only.
CHANGE IN CONDITIONS
Local variations or anomalies in the generalised ground conditions do occur in the natural environment, particularly between discrete test hole locations. Additionally, certain design or construction procedures may have been assumed in assessing the soil-structure interaction behaviour of the site. Furthermore, conditions may change at the site from those encountered at the time of the geotechnical investigation through construction activities and constantly changing natural forces.
Any change in design, in construction methods, or in ground conditions as noted during construction, from those assumed or reported should be referred to this firm for appropriate assessment and comment.
GEOTECHNICAL VERIFICATION
Verification of the geotechnical assumptions and/or model is an integral part of the design process - investigation, construction verification, and performance monitoring. Variability is a feature of the natural environment and, in many instances, verification of soil or rock quality, or foundation levels, is required. There may be a requirement to extend foundation depths, to modify a foundation system and/or to conduct monitoring as a result of this natural variability. Allowance for verification by appropriate geotechnical personnel must be recognised and programmed for construction.
FOUNDATIONS
Where referred to in the report, the soil or rock quality, or the recommended depth of any foundation (piles, caissons, footings etc.) is an engineering estimate. The estimate is influenced, and perhaps limited, by the fieldwork method and testing carried out in connection with the site investigation, and other pertinent information as has been made available. The material quality and/or foundation depth remains, however, an estimate and therefore liable to variation. Foundation drawings, designs and specifications should provide for variations in the final depth, depending upon the ground conditions at each point of support, and allow for geotechnical verification.
CLIMATE CHANGE
GHD Geotechnics acknowledges the occurrence of ongoing climate change. Cognisance is given to climate change issues as may be applicable to specific geotechnical investigations and assessments.
REPRODUCTION OF REPORTS
Where it is desired to reproduce the information contained in our geotechnical report, or other technical information, for the inclusion in contract documents or engineering specification of the subject development, such reproductions must include at least all of the relevant test hole and test data, together with the appropriate Standard Description sheets and remarks made in the written report of a factual or descriptive nature.
Reports are the subject of copyright and shall not be reproduced either totally or in part without the express permission of GHD.
GHD | Report for Centennial Mandalong Pty Ltd - Mandalong South Surface Site, 22/17691
Appendix C - DVD of photos and video
GHD
Level 3 GHD Tower 24 Honeysuckle Drive Newcastle NSW 2300 PO Box 5403 Hunter Region Mail Centre NSW 2310 T: (02) 4979 9999 F: (02) 4979 9988 E: ntlmail@ghd.com
© GHD 2016
This document is and shall remain the property of GHD. The document may only be used for the purpose for which it was commissioned and in accordance with the Terms of Engagement for the commission. Unauthorised use of this document in any form whatsoever is prohibited.
G:\22\17691\WP\113852.docx
Document Status
Rev No.
Author Reviewer Approved for Issue
Name Signature Name Signature Date
0 S Mackenzie P Youman P Youman 23/11/16
1 S Mackenzie P Youman P Youman 24/11/16
2 L Schneider P Youman P Youman 12/12/16
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