cellular respiration and photosynthesis. cellular respiration cellular respiration: the breakdown of...

Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis

Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration: The breakdown of food (glucose) for energy

Takes place in all organisms: a. Plants b. Animals c. Bacteria d. One-celled paramecium and amoeba.

A process that occurs continuously in all organisms.

Useable Energy• ATP: energy used at the cellular level

1.mitosis 2. protein production3. active transport

ATP is also used by the body4. movement 5. breathing 6. thinking…etc…

Useable Energy

• ATP is made in two ways:

– Aerobic Cellular Respiration: if oxygen is used

– Anaerobic Cellular Respiration: if oxygen is not used

ATP ATP • Also known as Adenosine

Triphosphate.

It contains:1. Adenine - contains nitrogen

2. A sugar called ribose

3. 3 phosphates with

2 high energy phosphate bonds

Recycled ATP

• RemovingRemoving A A Phosphate Group Phosphate Group From ATP Releases From ATP Releases Energy & forms ADPEnergy & forms ADP

•AddingAdding A Phosphate A Phosphate Group To ADP stores Group To ADP stores Energy in ATPEnergy in ATP

Remove

Add

ATP ADP + P

AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION

• Takes place in the mitochondria of plants and animals

• Oxygen is necessary•

• SUMMARY EQUATION: C6H12O6 + O12 6H2O + 6CO2 + 36 ATP glucose + oxygen water + carbon dioxide + 36 ATP

3 Steps - AEROBIC RESPIRATION

1. Glycolysis

2. Kreb’s Cycle

3. Electron Transport Chain

4.

Aerobic respiration Step 1 is called Glycolysis

Kreb’scycle

Glucose

Glycolysis in theCytoplasm

PyruvatePyruvate

Electron Transport Chain

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

• FERMENTATION: - also known as anaerobic respiration– Carried out where oxygen is lacking– Still uses glucose as fuel

• Two types:– Lactic Acid Fermentation:

• Makes 2 ATP• Associated with muscle fatigue

– Ethyl Alcohol Fermentation:• Makes 2 ATP• Important to the brewing and baking industries

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATIONvs.

AEROBIC RESPIRATION Glucose Glucose

Glycolysis in the cytoplasm

pyruvatepyruvate

Glycolysisin the cytoplasm

pyruvatepyruvate

Electron TransportChain

Kreb’s Cycle

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATIONvs.

AEROBIC RESPIRATION

Kreb’s Cycle

Pyruvate

Photosynthesis• Photosynthesis:

process where plants use sunlight to make (glucose)

– The energy for life comes from the Sun

•

Photosynthesis• SUMMARY EQUATION:

6CO2 + 6H2O + C6H12O6 + 6O2

Carbon dioxide + water + sunlight glucose + oxygen

Photosynthesis - starts with light

Photosynthesis• Chloroplasts: organelles that carry on photosynthesis

Follow the sun’s path.

1. Sun’s rays hits a leaf 2. Enters into a plant cell 3. Enters into a chloroplast 4. Enters into thylakoid membrane (where photosynthesis takes place)

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Where in the Chloroplasts doesPhotosynthesis occur?

Thylakoid membrane

They need one another

(glucose)

Also during Photosynthesis

Photolysis - the process where sunlight splits water

this. H2O + sunlight H + O + electrons The Oxygen from photolysis is the air we breathe

Respiration and Photosynthesis

Respiration Photosynthesis

Organelle:

Reactants:

Produces:

Organism:

When does it take place?:

Mitochondria Chloroplast

O2 and C6H12O6

Sunlight, CO2

and H2O

Energy (ATP) Food (C6H12O6)

Animals and Plants

Plants

All the time (24/7)

Only during sunlight