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Cells: Prokaryote vs

Eukaryote

Bell Ringer: Write questions

about this picture.

Bell Ringer: Write down what you

observe about these pictures.

Prokaryote cells are

smaller and simpler

Commonly known as bacteria

Single-celled(unicellular)

These are

prokaryote

E. coli bacteria

on the head of

a steel pin.

Prokaryote cells are simply built

(example: E. coli)

capsule: slimy outer

coating

cell wall: tougher middle

layer

cell membrane: delicate

inner skin

cytoplasm: inner liquid filling

DNA in one big loop

pilli: for sticking to things

flagella: for swimming

ribosomes: for building

proteins

Prokaryote cells are simply built

(example: E. coli)

Prokaryote Feeding

Photosynthetic: energy from sunlight

Disease-causing: feed on living things

Decomposers: feed on dead things

Eukaryotes are bigger and more

complicated

Have membrane- bound organelles

Have chromosomes

can be multicellular

include animal and plant cells

Organelles are

membrane-bound cell

parts

Mini “organs” that have

unique structures and

functions

Located in cytoplasm

Eukaryotes Prokaryotes

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

1.

2.

3.

4.

1.

2.

3.

4.

a.

b.

c. d.e.

f.

g.h.

Bacteria Cell

a. b.

c.d.

e.

f.

g.

h.i.

j.

k.

l.

Plant Cell

m. n.

o.

p.

q.

r.

s.

t.

u.

v. w.

Animal Cell

x.

THIS IS THE END OF PROKARYOTE

VS. EUKARYOTE NOTES

Bell Ringer

• Explain differences between a

Prokaryote and an Eukaryote.

19

Organelle Functions

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20

Organelles

Very small (Microscopic)

Perform various functions for a

cell

Found in the cytoplasm

Most are membrane-bound

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21

Cell (Plasma) Membrane

Outsideof cell

Insideof cell(cytoplasm)

Cellmembrane

Proteins

Proteinchannel Lipid bilayer

Carbohydratechains

2 layers of phospholipids (lipid bilayer)

Controls what enters or leaves the cell

Surrounds outside of ALL cells

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22

Thick, tough layer made of cellulose in plantsSupports & protects the

cellFound outside of the cell

membrane• Found in plants, fungi, &

bacteria• NOT in ANIMAL CELLS

Cell wallCell Wall

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• Jelly-like substance inside cell membrane

• Provides a place to happen• Contains organelles to

carry out specific jobs

• Found in ALL cells

Cytoplasm (Cytosol) of a Cell

cytoplasm

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24

Mitochondria(singular = mitochondrion)

“Generate cellular energy (ATP)

Site of CELLULAR RESPIRATION (burning glucose)

All eukaryotes have mitochondria (plant, animal, fungi & protists)

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25

ChloroplastsPhotosynthesis – using light to make food from CO2

& H2O

Only in Algae (protists) & Plants

Never in animal, fungi, or bacterial cells

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Lysosomes

Break down food, bacteria, &

worn out cell parts so that the

materials can be used by the

cell

Found in ALL Eukaryotes

(plants, animals, fungi &

protists)

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27

Vacuoles

Fluid filled sacks for storage (mostly water but also wastes, food, etc...)

LARGE Central Vacuole in Plants

SMALL or absent in animal

No vacuoles in bacteria

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• In plants, they store Cell

Sap

• Includes storage of

sugars, proteins,

minerals, lipids, wastes,

salts, water, and

enzymes

28

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)Has ribosomes on its surface & is attached to nuclear membrane

Makes membrane proteins and modifies proteins for transport out of cell

ALL eukaryotes

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29

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Smooth ER does NOT have

ribosomes on its surface & is

attached to the ends of rough ER

Makes Lipids for cell membrane

& cell products that are USED

INSIDE the cell

ALL eukaryotes

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30

Golgi Bodies

Stacks of flattened

membranes (disks)

Modify & Package proteins

made on the rough ER

ALL EukaryotesTransport

vesicle

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• Controls the normal activities of the cell

• ALL Eukaryotes

Nucleus - The Control Organelle

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• Contains the DNA (chromosomes) inside the nucleus

• ALL Eukaryotes

Nucleolus

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• Surrounds the nucleus; a nuclear envelope (membrane) with pores

• ALL Eukaryotes

Nuclear Membrane

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34

• Helps in cell division• Only Animal Cells

Centrioles

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Ribosomes

Makes Proteins through a process called

Protein Synthesis

ALL CELLS (prokaryotes & eukaryotes)

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How are plant and animal cells different?

Structure Animal cells Plant cells

cell membrane

nucleus

ribosomes

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Golgi apparatus

cell wall

mitochondria

cholorplasts

vacuole

Cytoplasm

lysosome

Eukaryote cells can be

multicellular

The whole cell can be specialized for

one job

cells can work together as tissues

Tissues can work together as organs

Examples of specialized

euk. cells

liver cell:

specialized to

detoxify blood

and store

glucose as

glycogen.

sperm cell:

specialized to

deliver DNA to

egg cell

Flagellum/flagella

large whiplike tail

pushes or pulls

cell through water

can be single, or a

pair

Cilia

fine, hairlike

extensions

attached to cell

membrane

beat in unison