ccs within the unfccc - luke warren, ccsa
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CCS within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Dr Luke Warren
Global CCS Institute Side Event
30th November 2011
Is CCS recognised under the UNFCCC?
Kyoto Protocol;
• Article 2.1 (a)(iv): Recognises “Carbon dioxide sequestration technologies” as a mitigation technology that promotes sustainable development
COP6;
• Annex I & II Parties cooperate in the development, diffusion and transfer of CCS, encourage their wider use and facilitate the participation of LDCs and other non-Annex I Parties
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories
• Parties have a number of obligations under UNFCCC & KP to report national GHG inventories – Utilise IPCC National GHG inventories
• Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA), New Delhi, 2002, invited IPCC to revise 1996 Guidelines – Process: 3 years; 250 Experts; >14,000 comments; adopted at IPCC-25,
April 2006
– Includes new chapter on CCS (Volume 2, Chapter 5)
• IPCC considers the guidelines to: – “provide best, widely applicable default methodologies”
– Suitable for national GHG inventories and project-based estimates
• Provide the international framework for managing the selection and MRV of CO2 storage sites
CCS in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines • Utilises a Tier 3 plant-level reporting methodology • Tier 1 or 2 approach (emission factors) inappropriate
– Geological formations highly heterogeneous – Empirical data from monitored storage sites limited
IPCC approach to estimate and report emissions from storage sites:
• Consistent with 2005 IPCC Special Report on CCS • Basis for other international and regional CCS regulatory frameworks • Norway reports emissions from Sleipner and Snøhvit CCS projects using 2006
IPCC Guidelines
Site
Characterisation
Assess
Leakage Risk Monitoring Reporting
IPCC Conclusion “Tier 3 Methodology can be implemented so as to support not only zero emission estimates but also to detect leakage,
even at low levels, if it occurs”
CCS and developing countries
• CCS must be rapidly deployed in developing countries • Limited funding for CCS to date: <0.001 % climate finance to
CCS • International effort primarily on inclusion of CCS in CDM
CCS as CDM Project Activities
• Importance CCS CDM;
– Legitimises CCS as valid technology for developing countries • CCS also requires support from other mechanisms (i.e. NAMAs)
– Create incentives / signal for CCS in developing countries • Stimulate development of national regulations and capacity
• Could support low-cost CCS opportunities (i.e. gas processing)
• Part of the solution for power and higher cost industrial applications
– Establish precedence-setting regulatory framework for CCS can be utilised under other international funding mechanisms
CCS CDM timeline
CCS CDM next steps
• Draft CCS CDM Modalities & Procedures released – negotiated at COP17/CMP7, Durban
• Utilise existing CDM M&Ps as far as possible, plus – CCS specific additions; participation requirements,
validation and verification requirements – Technical criteria established for site selection, risk
assessment & monitoring – Financial provisions: including 5% CER reserve fund – Liability:
• Addresses local & climate liability • Buyer or Host Party options for climate liability
• CCS CDM M&Ps appear to provide a workable framework for the private sector to invest in CCS
• Will Parties find them acceptable?
Summary
• UNFCCC process has long-recognised the role of CCS in combating climate change
• IPCC 2006 Guidelines recognises the emission reductions from CCS project activities
• The adoption of CCS CDM M&Ps here in Durban would be a material positive development – Create incentive for CCS in developing countries
– Establish international regulatory framework
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