causes of martial law_wo_foto
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Military Intervention in Politics
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ConceptVarious form of military intervention
HistoryCase Studies
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Imposition of military rule by militaryauthorities over designated regions onan emergency basis
Maintain law and order and security andprovide essential services e!tensive riotsand protests the disobedience of the law
Military replace civil authorities andperform some or all of their functions
"he constitution could be suspendedand in full#scale martial law the highest#ran$ing military o%cer would ta$e overthe govt
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Martial law can be used by governments toenforce their rule over the public' (hen threatened by popular protest )China
"iananmen S*uare protests of 1+,+-"o suppress political opposition )Poland in 1+,1-"o stabili.e insurrection or perceived
insurrections )Canada "he /ctober Crisis of1+0-
Martial law has also been imposed duringconicts and in cases of occupations where theabsence of any other civil government providesfor an unstable population' (orld (ar IIreconstruction in 3ermany and 4apan
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a government led by a committee ofmilitary leaders Sometimes it becomesa military dictatorship though theterms are not synonymous' 6igerian military 7untas f 1+8891+0+ and
1+,&91++,
Military dictatorship a governmentwhere in the political power resides withthe military
Stratocracy :;bsolute rule
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In ;bbasids regime military wasmore powerful than the =halifa
Victorious 3enerals were maderulers 128#1ari System of Mughals was
revenue administration combine withmilitary rule
?ritish Imperialism@ecent History
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Egypt In Agypt a State of Amergency
almost continuously since 1+80 "he Parliament has renewed the
emergency laws every threeyears since they were imposed "he legislation was last e!tended
in 2& and was due to e!pire atthe end of May 28B plans werein place to replace it with newanti#terrorism laws
In May 2, there was a furthere!tension to 4une 21
inally @eplaced by MuhammadMursi of ;l#;$hwan
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Since the foundation of the@epublic of "ur$ey in 1+2&the military conducted
three coups dDEtatandannounced martial law' Martial law(Ahmet
Kenan Evren) between1+0, and 1+,& wasreplaced by a State ofemergency that lasteduntil 6ovember 22'
1960 & 1971 Coups
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d'%C3%A9tathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d'%C3%A9tat -
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Israil 1++5#+8
Irland 1+18Poland 1+,1
"iwan 1+50#,0
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>iversion from Ideological basis onPolitics
Ideological ?asis of Military>elay in Constitution >evelopmentSupport of ?ureaucracyPolitics of @econciliation# )Principles
or @econciliation-Public Policy and Military>emand of role in govt by Military
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Political role of Military 6;? >isaster Management (ea$ Faw Anforcement ;gencies
Charges of Corruption and Shamedemocracy
IneGective ;rticle 8 Specic reasons >elay in Alection 1+emocratic Monarchy 1+++
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ailure of Politicians in political solution ofproblems
Various Military /perations of 1+011+0&1+++52,
6o alternative leadershipopposition ailure to bring in house changes @emoval of Safety#Valve from Constitution ,th1&th10th
ailure of Ma7or Political Parties 6o 6ational Political Party ormation of various Political ;lliance by Military (ea$ Political Institutions 1+
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Aconomic development >ecade of >evelopment 1+8 Stable >ollar 1+,
@eal estate Aconomy 2 3ross @oot >emocracy ?> System#Controlled >emocracy >istrict Council#apolitical >emocracy Focal 3ovt#Matric >emocracy
Sabotage of Constitution Athnic ConictsPa$htoon Maha7er 1+
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(ea$ening political institutions(ars with in and outside the borders
AGecting the balance of Power in the@egion@ole of Military in oreign Policy:
6ational Interest )sic- /f KKKKKK
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=ashmir Issue;fghanistan Policy
6uclear Program(ar ;gainst "errorismAconomic and Military ;idMa7or Infrastructure Pro7ects@elations with India
1efensecurity
"itan Corporations =ellogg ?rown Q @oot ;ir Scan>ynCorpRs C;CI International etc' amous O=
PMAs include ?lac$#/pRs and ;egis >efenseServices' Most of these are active beneciaries ofthe Ira* (ar' "he worldwide PMA industry is nowworth over 1 billion a year' "hus this is not 7usta Pa$istan specic industry
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