catharanthus roseus madagascar periwinkle

Catharanthus roseus

ByLena kanaan

IntroductionMadagascar periwinkle, native to Madagascar. Other names Cape periwinkle, and "old-maid". ornamental plant. evergreen subshrub or herbaceous plant growing to 1 m

tall. In the wild, it is an endangered plant. the main cause of decline is habitat destruction by slash

and burn agriculture. It is also however widely cultivated and is naturalised in

subtropical and tropical areas of the world

Medical Properties

o vomitive.oused in diabetes. enhanced secretion of insulin

oyoung leaves for stomach crampsoalkaloids anti-cancer Cytochrome P450

oxidation enzymes Inhibition

oas application to wasp, bee stings.

Leaves :

o purgative المسهل, vermifuge, طارد

.hemostatic ,منقdepurative للديدان

ofor dysentery.

oAntibacterial G+ more sensitive than G-

antifungal, antiviral.

Roots:

o extract used for eyewash in infants.

o asthma.

flowers:

Solid-liquid extraction:Two steps:

1) water extraction:• Acidified water with HCl is optimum at 3.5 ph• agitation ,hydrogen peroxide for best yield • centrifugation

2)organic extraction:• ethyl acetate

Active alkaloids 70 alkaloid

  -Vinblastine(VincaleukoblastineVLB)- Vinleurosine (Leurosine)- Vinrosidine (Leurosidine)- Vincristine (Leurocristine,LC)

- 2 semi synthetic derivatives:

vindesine and vinorelbine

Most impotent are:

Vinblastine: C46H60N4O13S (velban)Molecular Weight: 909.0526More usedMore stableLess activeLess toxicHodgkin's disease (glands cancer) Placenta(choriocarcinoma), Breast, lung, head and neck, and testicular cancer

Vincristine: C46H56N4O10 (oncovin)Molecular Weight: 824.97Less usedClear liquidLess stableMore activeMore toxicAcute Leukemia especially in children

TLC: chloroform methanol (8:2) solvent

ceric ammonium sulphate reagent

Rf values:

0.77 for vinblastine0.74 for vincristine UV detection at 254 nm.

Synthesis from vinblastine

vinblastine Vincristine

Active alkaloids 50 alkaloid

Mechanism of Action

Active alkaloids 50 alkaloid

vinblastineact by two mechanisms:

At very low concentrations they suppress microtubule dynamics. at higher concentrations they reduce microtubule polymer mass. Recent findings indicate that they also produce microtubule

fragments by stimulating microtubule minus-end detachment from their organizing centers.

Also interfere with glutamic acid metabolism interferes with nucleic acid synthesis.

Vincristine mechanism is similar:

Stops division of cellsEnters cell during mitosis and blocks formation of microtubules of the mitotic spindle during metaphase االستوائي

无忧PPT整理发布

Side effects

loss of white blood cells and blood platelets hair lossgastrointestinal problems high blood pressure depression, muscle cramps دوار vertigo and headaches.

Vinblastine:Causes birth defects so not used for pregnantsBone marrow damage is dose limiting factor

Vincristine:Neurotoxity is dose limiting factorCauses damage to peripheral NS

无忧PPT整理发布

summary Catharanthus roseus:

leaves used in diabetes, alkaloids anti-cancer.70 Active alkaloids: Vinblastine: More used Less toxic for Hodgkin's disease (glands cancer), and others while Vincristine less used for Acute LeukemiaVinblastine mechanism: interferes with nucleic acid synthesis.Vincristine mechanism is similar.TLC: chloroform methanol solventextraction procedures : Solid-liquid extraction