cargèse - september 2007cea at a glance 1 french atomic energy commission defence & security...
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Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance 1
French atomic energy commission
Defence & Security
Energy
The atom, from research to industry
Technologies for information and health
Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance 2
The energy mix in France
0
100
200
300
400
500 TWh
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
541TWh
Hydro
NuclearFossil
12%
78%
10%
Oil crisis 1973
Unit 1 (Fessenheim 1) 1977
Unit 58 (Civaux 2) 1999
2005 : Nuclear : 78 % of total energy production Thermal : 12 %Hydraulic, wind and photovoltaic : 10 %
Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance 3
• 34 900 MWe units
• 20 1300 MWe units
• 4 1500 MWe units
GRAVELINES
CHOOZ
CATTENOMNOGENT / SEINE
ST-LAURENT
CHINONCIVAUX
LE BLAYAIS
GOLFECH
CRUAS
TRICASTIN
ST-ALBAN
BUGEY
DAMPIERRE
PENLYPALUEL
FLAMANVILLE
BELLEVILLE
FESSENHEIM
58 PWR units
63184 MWe installed
Connection to the grid :
– Unit 1 (Fessenheim 1) : April 1977
– Unit 58 (Civaux 2) : December 1999
EPR EPR
april 2007 april 2007 : issue of the issue of the decree on the construction of a EPR in France (Flamanville)
The current nuclear power fleet in France
451.5 TWh produced in 2005
Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance 4
• Energy bill : 38.3 billion € in 2005, or 2.26% of GDP (5 % in 1981)
• Rate of energy independance : 49,8 % in 2005 (26 % in 1973)
French energy policy and nuclear power
• Electricity production covering all national requirements and enabling France to be the leading electricity exporter in the world
• A network of nuclear power stations that makes France the second producer of nuclear-generated electricity in the OECD after the United States
• 4th biggest energy consumer in the OECD (276.5 MTOE in 2005), France is only in the 27th place for CO2 emissions in relation to the GDP (2003, IEA)
• Competitive electricity for industry and for domestic consumers, characterised by stable prices
Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance 5
CO2 emissions in 2003 per inhabitant and in relation to the GDP
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Luxe
mbu
rg
Unted
Sta
tes
Canad
a
Austra
lia
Finlan
d
Belgium
Czech
Rep
ub.
Hollan
d
Denm
ark
Germ
any
Irelan
d
Japa
n
Korea
Austri
a
United
King
dom
Greec
e
New Z
ealan
d
Norway Ita
ly
Spain
Poland
Icelan
d
Slovak
Rep
.Fra
nce
Switzer
land
Sweden
Hunga
ry
Portu
gal
Mex
ico
Turke
y
OECD Tot
al
GDPtC/1 000US$ (2000)
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
Czech
Rep
.
Poland
Austra
lia
Canad
a
Slovak
Rep
.
United
Sta
tes
Finlan
dKor
ea
Greec
e
Belgium
Luxe
mbu
rg
Hunga
ry
Turke
y
Hollan
d
Mex
ico
Germ
any
New Z
ealan
d
Denm
ark
Japa
n
Spain
United
King
dom
Portu
gal
Irelan
d
Austri
aIta
ly
Icelan
d
Franc
e
Sweden
Norway
Switzer
land
OECD Tot
al
tC/inhab. France : 24ème/30
France : 27ème/30
Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance 6
Actors involved in the nuclear program in France
• Definition of the French energy policy : Prime Minister,Ministry in charge of Industry,
DGEMP• Independent Safety Authority : ASN
• Research and development : CEA
• Companies : AREVA (Framatome-ANP, COGEMA), Alstom, but also SME, …
• Utilities : EDF
• Waste management : ANDRA
• Expertise and R&D for safety : IRSN
• … Public opinion …
Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance 7
French atomic energy commission
1945 : CEA foundation Atom and its applications for France : defence, energy, research, industry
Reference institution at worldwide level for nuclear energy
Based on its nuclear activity, developments inducing new activities and employments
Guarantee a perennial nuclear deterrence without nuclear tests …
Today : from research to industry
Tomorrow Reference institution at worldwide level for nuclear energy
Leading European body for technological research
Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance 8
CEA main figures (year 2006)
Civil Defence Total
Staff 10,844 4,487 15,331
Financing (G€) 2.0 1.3 3.3
Subsidies 43% 93% 63%
Third party receipts
Dedicated decommissioning/
remediation fund
36%
20%
3%
4%
22%
14%
Third party receipts
Nuclear partners32%
Other25%
Ministerial funds8%
Local authorities5%
Research bodies and Universities
4%
European Union7%
Industrial partners
(non nuclear)18%
Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance 9
CEA : Organization
4 Functional Divisions
National Institutefor NuclearSciences
and Techniques
4 Operational Divisions
Informationand systems management
Strategyand
ExternalRelations
RiskControl
HumanResources
andTrainingPhysical
Sciences
Nuclear
FundamentalResearch
TechnologicalResearch
Defence
LifeSciences
Alain Bugat
Chairman and
Chief Executive Officer
Jean-Pierre Le Roux
Deputy CEO
High Commissionerfor Atomic Energy
Bernard Bigot
High Commissionerfor Atomic Energy
Bernard Bigot
General Management
Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance 10
MaterialsLe-Ripault, Valduc
Lasers and plasmas
Nuclear sciences, software technologies, high performance computing, biomedicine
Micro/NanotechnologyNanobiotechnology
CEA : local actor with the French Regions
Nuclear :
Nuclear fuel cycle, waste management Valrho
Fusion, fission Cadarache
Cadarache
Valrho
Cesta
Le-Ripault Valduc
Fontenay aux Roses
Bruyères le ChâtelSaclay
Grenoble
Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance 11
CEA main figures – Civil Activity
10,844 employees
1250 priority patents issued
2097 priority patents
1041 ongoing PhD thesis
Budget : 2 G€, including governmental funding 0.86 G€
317 new priority patents in 2006
351 active licensing agreements
CEA is main Shareholder of AREVA group (~ 80 %)
59,000 employees and 10 G€ sales
97 high-tech spin-offs from CEA since 1984
297 post-doctoral researchers
973 invited researchers (stay > 3 months)
Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance 12
11 segments of which 5 Fundamental Research segments
2003 - 2012
Fundamental research for energy
Radiobiology – nuclear toxicology
Fundamental research for industrial innovation
Nuclear technologies for health
and biotechnologies
Large Scale Facilities
The Medium-Long-term Plan (2003 - 2012)
Research on nuclear waste
Optimization of industrial nuclear use
Future nuclear systems
New Technologies for Energy
Micro nanotechnologies
Software technologies
2 Main areas of civil activityEnergy
Technologies for information and health
Fundamental research: sustained effort for the duration of the plan
Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance 13
FRANCE new EPR
Signs of a relaunch of nuclear power throughout the world :
FINLAND 5th reactor
R en
KOREA nuclear capacity
increase + 9 GWe by ~ 2015
INDIA nuclear capacity
increase from 2.5 to 20 GWe by
2020
CHINA nuclear capacity
increase > 40 GWe by 2020
RUSSIA nuclear capacity
increase + 20 GWe by ~2020
EUROPE
USA + 1500 Power
Plants by 2020 including nuclear
(> 50 GWe)JAPAN
nuclear capacity increase + 21 GWe by 2012
Projects in Vietnam, Turkey, Morocco, Indonesia, etc…Under consideration in Australia, Thaïland, Malaysia, etc…
Ambitious programmes in Asia, the USA, in Russia, India… and several countries looking to start up civil nuclear programmes
Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance 14
Signs of a revival for nuclear investments in Europe
France :-EPR-Reorganisation of legal framework- 4th generation prototype (2020)
Baltic states :Joint decision by the three Prime ministers : new unit for Ignalina site.
Finland :- EPR- Nationwide debate on energy under way
Holland :- Lifetime of the only power station extended until 2033;
United Kingdom :-Energy Review-Statement by Tony Blair in favour of nuclear power on 16 May 2006.
Poland :First unit to be built in 2020 ?
Bulgaria :Launch of a new call to tender on 1st February 2006 for a new unit at Belene.
Rumania :New unit at Cernavoda scheduled for 2007.
Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance 15
FINAL WASTE RADIOTOXICITY
0,1
1
10
100
1000
10000
10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
Temps (années)
Rad
ioto
xici
té r
elat
ive
GLASSESwithout MAs
GLASSESAfter reprocessing)
SPENT FUEL
Time (years)
Rel
ativ
e ra
dio
toxi
city
Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance 16
LONG TERM BEHAVIOR OF NUCLEAR GLASSES
0,1 % 100 %10 %
10 000 years 10 millions years
1 million years
Estimated removed amount
Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance 17
FUEL CYCLE OPTIONS :A PROGRESSIVE APPROACH
All-actinide homogeneous recycle
R T
U
FP
U Pu MA
R T
U
MA
U Pu
FPR T
U
FP&MA
U Pu
MAs Heterogeneous
recycleU & Pu recycle
SEVERAL DIFFERENT OPTIONS,
WHICH COULD BE SUCCESSIVELY DEPLOYED
Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance 18
RESISTANCE VS. PROLIFERATION
Recycling (and burning) plutonium :
- decreases its « strategic value »
- decreases its « accessibility » (especially if MAs are present)
MOX
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.40.5
0.6
30 45 60 75 90Burn-up (GWd/t)
Pu238
Pu239
Pu240
Pu242Pu241
Pu isotopic composition
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
30 45 60 75Burn-up (GWd/t)
An neutron emission rate
Cargèse - September 2007 CEA at a glance 19
LA HAGUE RELEASE : CONTRIBUTION TO PUBLIC EXPOSURE
• Population : people up to 24 years old ,living in « canton de La Hague », 1996
74%
24%
2% 0,09%
Exposition naturelle
Exposition médicale
Retombées des essaisnucléaires et de Tchernobyl
Installations nucléaires duNord-Cotentin
•Source : Travaux du Groupe Radioécologie Nord-Cotentin (1999)
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