cancer proteomics
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CANCER PROTEOMICS
PRESENTATION BYMERESHEGA JAYASANKAR
M.SC BIOTECHNOLOGY 2ND YEAR
WHAT IS CANCER?
Cancer is an abnormal growth of cells caused by multiple changes in gene expression (or) mutation
Types of cancerBenign tumorMalignant tumor 3 specific groups (i) carcinomas (ii) sarcomas (iii) Leukemias (or) lymphomas
PROPERTIES OF CANCER CELLDensity dependent inhibitionAutocrine growth stimulationLess adhesive than normal cellsInsensitive to contact inhibition growthProteases, AngiogenesisFail to differentiate normallyNo apoptosisMetastasis
Causes of cancer
In 1775 Percivall Pott a british surgeon correlation between an environmental agent & development of cancer
Carcinogenic agents
DNA and RNA tumor virus
Tumor suppressor genesRegulate the growth of cells
1st suppressor gene to be studied is retinoblastoma (RB) (sporadic and familial)
Caretaker genes
Gatekeeper genes
p53Guardian of the genomeRepair of damaged DNAApoptosis if there is extensive
damaged DNATP53 when absent may cause Li-
Fraumeni syndome.BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumor
suppressor genes help repair damaged DNA
OncogenesPromote loss of growth control
Derived from proto-oncogenes
First human oncogene identified as human homolog of the rasH(oncogene of harvey sarcoma virus)
Activation of oncogene called gene amplification (erbB-2)
proteomicsThe term proteomics and proteome coined by
Mark Willkins & his colleagues
Complete collection of proteins encoded by a genome of an organism
Various type of techniques Biomarkers 2-D PAGE Mass spectrometry Protein microarrays
BiomarkersA cancer biomarker refers to that is
indicative of the presence of cancer in the body
Important tool for cancer detection & monitoring
Proteins used as biomarkers (HER-2, EGFR)
Most cancer markers are proteins.
Protein separation2-d page
Mass spectrometryIt is an analytical technique that
ionizes chemical species and sorts the ions based on their mass to charge ratio
Used to identify proteins in a mixture
MALDI-TOF : Matrix associated laser desorption ionization time of flight
MALDI-TOF
SELDI -TOFExtension of MALDI-TOF
The differences between SELDI & MALDI construction of sample
target design of the analyzer software tools used
Future implications
Improvements in the area of multidimensional separations promise the importance of biomarkers identification (LCM)
Development of proteomic pattern diagnostic might represent a revolution in the field of molecular field
Nanotechnology devices have the potential to greatly expand the capabilities of proteomics, addressing and providing a "toolbox" to translate the discovery of protein biomarkers to novel therapeutic and diagnostic tests
Nanowires & nanocantilever arrays can be used in biosensors that measure minute quantities of biomarkers in biological fluids
ReferencesProteomic Applications for
detection of cancer (Nature Reviews) Julia D. Wulfkuhle, Lance A.Liotta
& Emanuel F.PetricoinCell Biology 7th EDITION (Gerald Karp) chapter-16 The cell 2nd EDITION A Molecular
approach (Geoffrey M Cooper) chapter-13
THANK YOU
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