campus journalism by daisy t. besing

CAMPUS JOURNALISM

Ms. DAISY T. BESING, MPA

By:Ms. DAISY T. BESING, MPA

Journalism

is a form of writing that tells people about things that really happened, but thatthey might not have known about already.

Scope of Journalism

1. Written (newspaper, magazine)

2. Oral (radio)

3. Visual (television, movies and documentaries)

GOALS OF JOURNALISM

1. INFORM2. EDUCATE3. ENTERTAIN4. PERSUADE

Journalism comes in several different forms:

I. NewsA. Breaking news: Telling about an event as it happens.B. Feature stories: A detailed look at something interesting that's not breaking news.C. Enterprise or Investigative stories: Stories that uncover information that few people knew.

II. OpinionA. Editorials: Unsigned articles that express a publication's opinion.B. Columns: Signed articles that express the writer's reporting

Online Journalism ●Blogs: Online diaries kept by individuals or small groups.●Discussion boards: Online question and answer pages where anyone can participate.●Wikis: Articles that any reader can add to or change.

Reporting

1. Interviews: Talking with people who know something about the story you are reporting.2. Observation: Watching and listening where news is taking place.3. Documents: Reading stories, reports, public records and other printed material.

Writing● Get the facts. All the facts you can.● Tell your readers where you got every bit of information you put in your story.● Be honest about what you do not know.● Don't try to write fancy. Keep it clear.

NEWS (DEFINITION)NEWS (DEFINITION)

NEWS WRITING

- IS AN ORAL AND WRITTEN REPORT OF A PAST, PRESENT, OR FUTURE EVENT.

- FACTUAL, TRUTHFUL, ACCURATE, UNBIASED AND INTERESTING

- IS ACCURATE BECAUSE IT IS BASED ON FACTS AND NOT FICTION.

TYPES OF NEWSTYPES OF NEWS

NEWS WRITING

1. HARD NEWS –- Important to a large number of people; timely; usually about events in government, politics, foreign affairs, education, labor, religion, courts, etc.

HARD NEWS:HARD NEWS:

TYPES OF NEWSTYPES OF NEWS

NEWS WRITING

2. SOFT NEWS – usually less important because it entertains, although it may also inform; often less timely than hard news; includes human interest and feature stories which may relate to hard news; appeals more to emotions than to the intellect or the desire to be informed

SOFT NEWS:SOFT NEWS:

11. Concise12. Short13. Brief14. To the point15. Clear

QUALITIES OF NEWS

1. Accurate2. Balanced3. Truthful4. Recent5. Exact6. Perfect7. Objective8. Impartial9. Unbiased10.Disinclined

A. TIMELINESS/IMMEDIACYA. TIMELINESS/IMMEDIACY

ELEMENTS OF NEWS

- The news happened recently - It’s new, otherwise, we’d call it “olds”- Almost every story has some timeliness aspect- the more recent the event, the more interesting it is to the

reader

EXAMPLE:

President Benigno Aquino III joined the celebration of the 116th Independence day, in Naga City, Camarines Sur.

B. CURRENCYB. CURRENCY

ELEMENTS OF NEWS

- It is related to something else in the news.

EXAMPLE:

A story on Dengue cases in Region XI statistics from 2013 to 2014.

C. CONFLICTC. CONFLICT

ELEMENTS OF NEWS

- War, elections, sports- involve physical or mental conflict – man vs. man, man vs.

animals, man vs. nature or an vs. himself.

EXAMPLE:

World number tennis player Rafael Nadal has won his ninth title at Roland Garros with 3-6, 7-5, 6-2, 6-4 over Novak Dyokovic.

D. CONSEQUENCED. CONSEQUENCE

ELEMENTS OF NEWS

- The subject of a story has an impact on how people live their lives.

EXAMPLE:

Davao City Mayor Rodrigo Duterte has implemented the midnight liquor ban to help parents discipline their children.

E. PROMINENCEE. PROMINENCE

ELEMENTS OF NEWS

- Elected, wealthy, famous- For the same occurrence, people in the public eye have

higher news value than obscure people.

EXAMPLE:

1. If I choke on a pretzel, it’s not news. When the president does, it is news.

2. Magic Johnson and actor Rock Hudson had AIDS, while an ordinary citizen with AIDS would not have commanded the attention of the national news media.

F. PROXIMITYF. PROXIMITY

ELEMENTS OF NEWS

- Closeness, either because of geographical proximity or because of relationship

EXAMPLE:

1.If I choke on a pretzel, it’s not news. When the president does, it is news.2.Magic Johnson and actor Rock Hudson had AIDS, while an ordinary citizen with AIDS would not have commanded the attention of the national news media.

G. Human InterestG. Human Interest

ELEMENTS OF NEWS

- “Warm and fuzzy” feeling- are generally soft news.

For example:- Olympic athlete bios, Dateline “Survivor Stories”- a baby beautycontest, - a person whose pet happens to be a nine-foot boa constrictor, - a man who makes a cart so thathis two-legged dog can move around again.

H. ODDITY/UNUSUALH. ODDITY/UNUSUAL

ELEMENTS OF NEWS

- Whenever strange things happen, it will make the news.- It can also occur with events that only happen once every

great while

For example:- if the aviator has only one leg, this is news;- if the parachute fails to open and the pilot lands safely, this

is news.

Juanita de la Cruz, 18, a student of the Far Eastern University, died in a car accident along North Expressway yesterday.

An 18-year-old female student of Far Eastern University died in a car accident along North Expressway yesterday.

Juanita de la Cruz, 18, a student of the Far Eastern University, died in a car accident along North Expressway yesterday.

An 18-year-old female student of Far Eastern University died in a car accident along North Expressway yesterday.

NEWS STRUCTURE

INVERTED PYRAMIDINVERTED PYRAMID

NEWS STRUCTURE

CLIMAX

DETAILS

SECONDARY DETAILS

LEADLEAD

NEWS STRUCTURE

- first paragraph of the news story

- serves as the climax of the story

- serves as to attract the reader to the story

THE LEADTHE LEAD

NEWS STRUCTURE

1. TRADITIONAL LEAD- ANSWERS THE SIX BASIC QUESTIONS

5W’S AND H

WHO LEADExample:US President Barack Obama yesterday

said he will visit the Philippines in November.

THE LEADTHE LEAD

NEWS STRUCTURE

WHAT LEAD

Example:The oil price hike will trigger higher food prices, economists from the University of the Philippines said in a symposium last Tuesday.

THE LEADTHE LEAD

NEWS STRUCTURE

WHEN LEAD

Example:Ten days to go before Sangguniang Kabataan elections.

THE LEADTHE LEAD

NEWS STRUCTURE

WHERE LEAD

Example:Luneta Park was filled with g-string clad men last Saturday in an effort to raise awareness for cultural minorities.

THE LEADTHE LEAD

NEWS STRUCTURE

WHY LEAD

Example:A broken water pipe was the cause for the flooding along Sikatuna Ave., Quezon City yesterday.

THE LEADTHE LEAD

NEWS STRUCTURE

HOW LEAD

Example:Using his bare hands to kill the snake, the soldier saved a six-year-old boy from being bitten.

ALTERNATIVE LEAD

Nut graph: - summary of the story- found in the second or third paragraph story

Joselito D. Cruz, 35, was beaten to death when he changed the television channel against the wishes of the other patrons at the Lopaluza Bar along Taft Ave. last night

ALTERNATIVE LEAD

Nut graph: - summary of the story- found in the second or third paragraph story

Joselito D. Cruz, 35, was beaten to death when he changed the television channel against the wishes of the other patrons at the Lopaluza Bar along Taft Ave. last night

NEWS STRUCTURE

ALTERNATIVE LEAD

A. PUNCH LEAD-BRIEF, WITTY, AND SOMETIMES PARADOZAL STATEMENT.

Example:Watching Television can deadly.

ALTERNATIVE LEAD

A. PUNCH LEAD-BRIEF, WITTY, AND SOMETIMES PARADOZAL STATEMENT.

Example:Watching Television can deadly.

NEWS STRUCTURE

B. PICTURE OR DESCRIPTIVE LEAD-vivid word picture of an event. usually used for sidebar stories of big events such as story on congressional fashion during SONA.

-Example: Dressed in shiny metallic blouses, the Silver Jubilarians waved, smiled, and posed for the cameras, during their homecoming festivities at the St. Cecilia’s Auditorium last February 8.

B. PICTURE OR DESCRIPTIVE LEAD-vivid word picture of an event. usually used for sidebar stories of big events such as story on congressional fashion during SONA.

-Example: Dressed in shiny metallic blouses, the Silver Jubilarians waved, smiled, and posed for the cameras, during their homecoming festivities at the St. Cecilia’s Auditorium last February 8.

NEWS STRUCTURE

C. Direct Address Lead-Violating news writing convention of writing in the third person; using the second person “you” with the aim of targeting the specific reader.

Example:If your parents are alumni of this school, then your family maybe eligible for the annual loyalty award.

C. Direct Address Lead-Violating news writing convention of writing in the third person; using the second person “you” with the aim of targeting the specific reader.

Example:If your parents are alumni of this school, then your family maybe eligible for the annual loyalty award.

NEWS STRUCTURE

D. CONTRAST LEAD-uses comparison of two conventional extremes, such as black and white, young and old, rich and poor. usually used for personality profiles but it can be used in crime stories.

Example:

Forty years ago, he was a fish vendor in Tondo. Today, he is the ninth richest person in the country.

D. CONTRAST LEAD-uses comparison of two conventional extremes, such as black and white, young and old, rich and poor. usually used for personality profiles but it can be used in crime stories.

Example:

Forty years ago, he was a fish vendor in Tondo. Today, he is the ninth richest person in the country.

NEWS STRUCTURE

E. QUESTION LEAD-use a pertinent question, which at the same time serves as the key idea of the story

EXAMPLE: Is a tuition fee increase really necessary?

F. QUOTATION LEAD-uses succinct remark or a bold statement from a speech or an interview.-EXAMPLE:-“We will win the championship,” coach Virgilio Santos confidently declared yesterday

E. QUESTION LEAD-use a pertinent question, which at the same time serves as the key idea of the story

EXAMPLE: Is a tuition fee increase really necessary?

F. QUOTATION LEAD-uses succinct remark or a bold statement from a speech or an interview.-EXAMPLE:-“We will win the championship,” coach Virgilio Santos confidently declared yesterday

NEWS STRUCTURE

G. Literary Allusion Lead-Used for features-- makes use of famous lines from popular literature or well-known proverbs.

-Example:It is worth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of an investment banker.

G. Literary Allusion Lead-Used for features-- makes use of famous lines from popular literature or well-known proverbs.

-Example:It is worth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of an investment banker.

NEWS STRUCTURE

Functions of school paper (old)

A. AID TO STUDENTS- PROVIDE OPPORTUNITY FOR INTERESTING WRITING- SERVES AS AN OUTLET AND MOTIVATION OF JOURNALISTIC

WRITING- DEVELOP QUALITIES OF COOPERATION, TACT ACCURACY,

TOLERANCE, RESPONSIBILITY AND LEADERSHIPB. AID TO THE SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY

- INFORMS THE COMMUNITY ON THE WORK OF THE SCHOOL- CREATES AND EXPRESSES SCHOOL OPINION

1. INFORMATION FUNCTION2. OPINION FUNCTION3. EDUCATION FUNCTION4. WATCHDOG FUNCTION5. LABORATORY FUCTION6. DOCUMENTATION FUNCTION7. ENTERTAINMENT FUNCTION8. DEVELOPMENT FUNCTION

Functions of school paper (new)

Parts of Campus Paper

FRONT PAGEFRONT PAGE EDITORIAL PAGEEDITORIAL PAGE FEATURE PAGEFEATURE PAGE LITERARY PAGELITERARY PAGE SPORTS PAGESPORTS PAGE

FRONT PAGE

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