camella rhone executive secretary, crosq csme caribbean connect barbados, 2006-06-30 challenges and...
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Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR STANDARDISATION IN THE
REGION
DEALING WITH TECHNICAL BARRIERS AND STANDARDS
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
WHAT - Understanding standards and standardisation in context of regional and
international trade
WHY – Factoring the increasing importance of standards to facilitate development and
gain economic advantage, in strategic planning.
HOW – Application for benefit to Caribbean countries
Implications of failing
ISSUES FOR THE REGION
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
Why the CARICOM Regional Organisation for Standards and
Quality (CROSQ) was established
The relationship between Standards, Trade Facilitation and Economic
Development
The Link between the National, Regional and International processes
WHAT:STANDARDISATION
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
The CARICOM Regional Organisation for Standards and Quality is:
An intergovernmental (Caribbean Community) organisation
Established in December 2002 by the Treaty of Chaguaramas, which established
the Caribbean Community, CARICOM in 1973.
WHY CROSQ WAS ESTABLISHED
WHAT IS CROSQ?
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
DEVELOPMENT ROADMAP
International Recognition of the
RQI (MSTQ
2006 - 2009
2002 - 2003
2003 - 2006
CROSQ Secretariat in place;
Regional Quality Infrastructure (RQI) being established
Agreement Establishing
CROSQ signed by Governments
The Caribbean Common Market
Standards Council)
1975 - 2002
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
Conformity assessment mechanisms are generally referred to as the Quality Infrastructure (QI):
‘The organisations, structures and systems for the regulatory and
harmonising activities in countries; and activities that conform to stated requirements (including - laws,
regulations, standards and contracts)..’
RQI = Regional Quality Infrastructure
CROSQ FACILITATING TRADE & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
Conformity Assessment Procedures defined as -
‘..any procedure used directly or indirectly to determine that relevant requirements in technical regulations or standards
are fulfilled..’.
Standards - embedded in market decision making as neutral and objective indices for decision making
Certification - a mark of objective verification of compliance.
The agents of certification - the compliance gatekeepers
The certification process - based on standards to ensure legitimacy across public and private sector boundaries
The certification mark - a mark of conformity which enables mutual recognition.
GLOBAL STANDARDISATION MODEL..
FAILURE as NON CONFORMANCE
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
STRATEGIC BUILDING BLOCKS IN ESTABLISHING THE RQI
Member States National Infrastructure
CROSQ Processes and Support Systems (including IT)
Me
tro
log
y
Sta
nd
ard
s
Te
stin
g
Qu
alit
y
Stakeholders in Region
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
Government Relations
The CROSQ REGIONAL (RQI) Model(Interdependent State Partnership Model)
REGION’SPublics /Civil
society
REGION’S Member States
REGIONS Private Sector
Ensuring participation
through policy and training,
Developing the standards and technical
specifications
Ensuring compliance with
mandatory regulations
Access of all Member States
to Internationally recognised Regional resources
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
REGIONAL Quality
Assurance Mechanism
REGIONAL Testing
Infrastructure
REGIONAL Standards
Infrastructure
REGIONAL Metrology
Infrastructure
Based on Regional Auditing, Assessing & Verification
Implementation at National
levels
Regional application of National competencies with International recognition
Caribbean testing
laboratories in collaboration
Customers Wants Integrated SolutionsThe CROSQ REGIONAL (RQI) Model
(Interdependent Resource Sharing Model)
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
RQI ESTABLISHED WITH SUPPORT FROM INTERNATIONAL FUNDING & PARTNERSHIPS (CGPM, SADACSTAN,
CODEX, etc), THROUGH CROSQ: 2006 to 2009
2005- 2008
2006- 2009
Harmonised Regional Standards
Development Infrastructure
2006 -2009 A recognised and traceable Regional
Metrology Infrastructure Establishing an
internationally recognised
certification and accreditation mechanism
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
WHAT - Understanding standards and standardisation in context of regional and
international trade
WHY – Factoring the increasing importance of standards to facilitate development and
gain economic advantage, in strategic planning.
HOW – Application for benefit to Caribbean countries
Implications of failing
ISSUES FOR THE REGION, reminder..
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
HARMONISED REGIONAL QUALITY INFRASTRUCTURE (RQI), and CONFORMITY
ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES
Definitions of ‘Standards’, ‘Standards Related Matters’ and ‘their applications’
are harmonised with/equivalent to international definitions and norms.
REGIONAL STANDARDISATION…
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
ARTICLE 1 of Agreement Establishing CROSQ defines:
Standards - approved guidelines, rules, or characteristics (Including terminology,
symbols, packaging, marking or labelling), for products or related
processes and production methods, that provide for common and repeated use.
Compliance is not mandatory
STANDARDISATION…
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
ARTICLE 1 defines:
Standards Related Matters - include technical regulations, conformity
assessment procedures and metrology
Technical Regulations - specify product characteristics or their related processes
and production methods, including applicable administrative provisions,
terminology, symbols, packaging, marking or labelling requirements
Compliance is mandatory
STANDARDISATION…
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
TO HARMONISATION
FOR ENSURING PARTICIPATION
FOR SUPPORTING TRANSPARENCY
TO MAKE MOSTOF SCARCE TECHNICAL RESOURCES
FOR PROMOTING INTERNATIONAL ACCEPTANCE OF THE REGIONAL
PROCESS
CROSQ - a CARICOM RESPONSE
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
CROSQ – The CARICOM Regional Organisation for Standards and Quality
An intergovernmental (Caribbean Community) organisation
Established by the Treaty of Chaguaramas (July 4,1973) revised to establish
the Caribbean Community, including the CARICOM Single Market and Economy
(CSME)
HARMONISATION: CROSQ
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
The Agreement Establishing CROSQ (2002, signed by Heads of Government of CARICOM):
PREAMBLE establishes the basis:
Region’s vulnerability to entry of sub-standard products
Implications for consumer welfare and the environment;
Efficient operation of the CSME (CARICOM Single Market and Economy)
CROSQ: HARMONISATION & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
The Preamble …...
The international competitiveness of goods and services produced or provided in the
Caribbean Community
Recognition by competent international standardising organisations
Benefits to the Member States of the Caribbean Community (eg. technical assistance)
CROSQ: HARMONISATION & COMPETITIVENESS
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
The establishment and harmonisation of standards for
the enhanced efficiency and improved quality in the
production of goods and services in the Community.
(Agreement Establishing CROSQ, signed by Heads of Government of CARICOM, December 2001)
ROLE OF CROSQ
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
To support the establishment of the CSME
To promote the development and harmonisation of standards,
metrology, technical regulations
To promote the mutual recognition of conformity assessment procedures
and accreditation/certification systems based on internationally accepted
criteria
THE CROSQ MANDATE…
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
To promote consumer welfare and safety
To promote and protect the interests of States Parties and Associate Members in regional and international standardising
fora, including external negotiations;
To facilitate the achievement of international competitiveness of regional
goods and services by fostering a culture of quality in regional enterprises
THE CROSQ MANDATE…
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
To contribute to the preservation of the environment and conservation of the natural resources of the Community;
To promote awareness of standards and standards-related matters in
governments, commerce, industry and consumers
To facilitate trade
THE CROSQ MANDATE…
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
CROSQ has full juridical personality
‘States Parties shall in their jurisdictions accord to CROSQ the same capacity
accorded to legal persons under their national laws, including the capacity to
contract, acquire, hold and transfer property and to sue and be sued in its own
name…’Agreement Establishing CROSQ; Article 14
FACILITATING IMPLEMENTATION
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
Member States• Antigua & Barbuda• The Bahamas• Barbados• Belize• Dominica• Grenada• Guyana• Haiti• Jamaica• Montserrat• Saint Kitts and
Nevis• Saint Lucia• St. Vincent and the
Grenadines• Suriname• Trinidad and
Tobago
Associate States• Anguilla • Bermuda• British Virgin Islands• Cayman Islands• Turks and Caicos,• Dominican Republic (ACS)
THE CARIBBEAN COMMUNITY
(The CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME))
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
Member States at different economic levels (Strongest in Trinidad and Tobago, the
Bahamas, Barbados)
High public debt levels, (92% of GDP in 2003, up from 56% in 1997, exceeding 100% in Antigua,
Grenada, Dominica, Guyana, Jamaica and St. Kitts-Nevis)
,
Slow economic growth (GDP growth was estimated at between 5% and 2% in 2004)
Growing trade imbalances
LIMITATIONS OFCOMMUNITY RESOURCES
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
Realitively weak industrial base
Vulnerable service based economies
Lack of economies of scale and
Global structural reforms limiting advantage
CHARACTERISTICS OF SMALL ISLAND STATES (SIDS)
COMMUNITY RESOURCES….
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
Trade liberalization is related to development of the capacity to meet
standards (for product, practices and processes)
The obligations of our Small Island Developing States (SIDS) include
rules defined by -
WTO, FTAA, EU/EPA, CSME
USING STANDARDS TO FACILITATE TRADE
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
The TBT Articles 5 and 6 refer inter alia to:
..non discrimination and the prevention of unnecessary obstacles to international
trade; harmonisation; transparency;
And Articles 7 to 9 refer to:
…local government bodies, non governmental bodies and international
and regional systems
CARICOM CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT IN CONTEXT OF TBT
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
CARICOM conformity assessment procedures are related to TBT Article 9 which deals with:
..international and regional systems ..
.. CROSQ is established as an Intergovernmental Regional organisation, and shall support, inter alia:
Mutual recognition of the CARICOM region’s conformity assessment
procedures and accreditation/ certification systems
CARICOM CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT ..
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
Conformity assessment procedures (TBT Annex 1.3)
Procedures for sampling, testing and inspection;
Evaluation, verification and assurance of conformity; and
Registration, accreditation and approval
To build trust/support confidence that the products being traded conform to applicable
standards and technical regulations
CARICOM CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT ..
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
Conformity assessment procedures (TBT Annex 1.3) based on…
Harmonisation (‘One standard one test..’, ‘One certification, one time..’ to ensure ‘Portability of
certification..’)
Demonstrating harmonisation/equivalence (The use of
common/similar procedures)
Transparency (Information requirements)
Notification Obligations
CARICOM CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT ..
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
Trade liberalization is related to development of the capacity to meet
standards (for product, practices and processes).
Trade agreements may facilitate non reciprocal trading arrangements
The international community will assist SIDS, once they play by the
rules
FACILITATION:
SIDS and RULES OF TRADE
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
In support of a level, secure and predictable cross border environment in which to do
business:
•Tariff reductions in manufactured products•Reduction of agricultural protection &
elimination of quotas•Safeguards, anti-dumping, countervailing duty
measures; •Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs); •Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property
Rights (TRIPS), •General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)
customs valuation.
FACILITATION: The RULES
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
FACILITATION RULES: STANDARDS AS TOOLS (DEFINED RULES)
Standards used as reference documents in national, regional and international trade.
Standards developed transparently,
With input of all interested parties,
By a process of consensus
Process managed by standards institutions operating at the national, regional and international levels
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
TRADE FACILITATION: WTO Agreements
WTO Rule Agriculture SPS TBT TRIPS GATS GATT
Issues Infectious Disease X X X
Food Safety X
Tobacco Control X X X X X
Environment X X X
Access to Drugs X
Health Services X
Food Security X X X
Biotechnology X X X X
Information Tech. X X
Traditional Knowledge X
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
TRADE FACILITATION: STRATEGIC SECTORS & STANDARDS
• ICT- Service/product (GAT/GATS) •Trade investment – Service (processes
/practices) (TRIMS) •Disaster management – Service/ product
•Environment - Service/product •Food and agriculture – Service/ product
•Oceans; water – Service/product •Energy - Service/product
•Health; Education – Service/product •Culture diversity, traditions - Service/
product (TRIPS) •Customs - Service/product
•Labour - Service/product
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
Old approach international treaties (‘hard law’) which impose conditionality on emerging economies, eg.structural adjustment programmes.
New emphasis ‘soft law’ (regulations, standards and norms) which are extensively diffused and entrenched in transforming domestic economic, social, and political governance
NB: The standardisation process is not new. What is new is the pervasive imposition of standards across all sectors and in
Trade rules.
FACILITATION & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: STANDARDS AS ‘SOFT LAW’
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
As entry requirements in a broad range of international regimes and organisations
- Accession partnership agreements in the EU – domestic governance preconditions
- Entry into the WTO..standards in respect of market access, financial liberalistion and regulatory norms and
processes.
- World Bank – rules of law and anticorruption guidelines tied to lending
- IMF data dissemination standards
- Environmental Accords
- Labour treaties
- Social standards
FACILITATION & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: STANDARDS AS ‘SOFT LAW’…
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
Trade agreements based on non binding commitments;
Compliance and delegation depend on the domestic authority; Autonomous regulatory institutions manage the process -
THE STATE ROLE MOVES FROM GOVERNMENT (direct intervention) TO GOVERNANCE (facilitatory intervention – with policy
separated from operations and services contracted to private sector)
THE PRIVATE SECTOR LEADS THE PROCESS
THE CONSUMER/BUYER DICTATES THE MARKET
FACILITATION & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: Standards as ‘Soft Law’ - RESPONSIBILITIES
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
Model managed by rules based on mutual recognition
Globalisation - a microeconomic process to ensure that domestic regulation fit or is
harmonised with the external international process.
Thus with economic integration (CSME; WTO; FTAA), failure to harmonise standards and
regulations blocks international recognition of the domestic process
GLOBAL STANDARDISATION MODEL..IMPLICATIONS FOR FAILURE
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
….Mutual recognition Based on TRUST
Process of TRANSPARENCY
Process of INCLUSION and CONSENSUS
(Standards’ preparation must comply with the Code of Good Practice for the Adoption and Application of Standards
(WTO/TBT Rules)
FAILURE LIMITS INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION
LIMITED INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION RESTRICTS CROSS BORDER EXCHANGE OF GOODS AND SERVICES
GLOBAL STANDARDISATION MODEL..IMPLICATIONS FOR FAILURE
Camella Rhone Executive Secretary, CROSQ
CSME Caribbean ConnectBarbados, 2006-06-30
ESTABLISHING THE REGIONAL QUALITY INFRASTRUCTURE (eg. METROLOGY)
2004-2005
2005
Strengthening of relationship between CROSQ and CARIMET
(CROSQ responsible for Metrology)
2004
Approval of projects to deepen Regional Technical Capacity
in Metrology
2006- 2009
Recognition of the Regional model (CARICOM membership in CGPM; CROSQ signs the CGPM/CIPM MRA)
Establishing an internationally
recognised Regional Metrology
Infrastructure(With grant funding)
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