calf management. cow-calf management u definition- breeding of cows and raising of calves. u...
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Calf ManagementCalf Management
Cow-Calf ManagementCow-Calf Management
Definition- breeding of cows and raising of calves.
commercial or purebred stockers facilities
shelter fence working equip. and facilities
From Birth to the BankFrom Birth to the Bank
The most important item in the beef cattle industry is insuring that a cow weans a calf & is able to rebreed in a reasonable time
Yet, first make sure the calf is born alive keep the calf alive and healthy to weaning provide favorable environment to manage
the calf at weaning to reduce stress market the calf to its advantage
Keys to profitable production Keys to profitable production of calvesof calves
Provide adequate forage common causes of inadequate forage is
overgrazing and poor stocking rate Care at calving
Dystocia Use a maternity pasture calving shed, clean pasture provide assistance only when needed
Calf ManagementCalf Management
1/2 the calf loss occurs at calving most of the trouble is with heifers size and weight is important, not age breed to easy calving bulls Immunization
Vac 45 program Growth Promotants- ralgro, synovex,
compudose, etc.
Feeding and Management of Feeding and Management of CalvesCalves
Orphans whole milk, replacer, or whole with a starter
Early Weaning Creep Feeding Replacement heifers
Calf ManagementCalf Management
Management Practices Identification Weaning castration vaccinations/ immunization dehorning implanting
Calf ManagementCalf Management
creep-feeding weaning management / pre-conditioning -
backgrounding Backgrounding - feeding and managing calves
for 45 + days after weaning in order to be more healthy and bunk ready
Pre-conditioning- a way of preparing a calf to withstand the stress and rigors of weaning
Calf ManagementCalf Management
Pre-conditioning use minimum excitement work early (dehorn) wean 30 days early creep vaccinate control parasites health certification
Dehorning, Castration and Dehorning, Castration and IdentificationIdentification
DehorningDehorning
What is dehorning? process of removing or preventing the growth of horns.
Why? improve appearance reduce injuries increase feeder space improve value.
Two methods non-invasive invasive
RestraintRestraint
Very important Remember safety
Restrain head
Non-InvasiveNon-Invasive
Bloodless Young animals Types
Chemical paste
Hot iron
InvasiveInvasive
Blood flow Older animals Involves cutting or scooping the horn off of
the animals skull. Types
Barnes dehorner Scoop dehorner
Keystone dehorner
Reasons for dehorningReasons for dehorning
Less barn, shed or feeding space less injuries easier to handle feedlots prefer dehorned cattle sometimes bring more money
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
sets the animal back due to stress cost and labor as well as equipment death loss due to bleeding disease spreading scurrs may occur if not properly done
Time to dehornTime to dehorn
genetically calves, early as possible older cattle, colder weather
Dehorning yearlings or olderDehorning yearlings or older
clippers, saw or surgical wire Clippers
restrain the animal stand on the opposite side of the head from the
horn to be removed spread the clippers open and place over the
horn with the bevel next to the head. remove 1/4 “of the hide and tissue below the
base of the horn
ClippersClippers
advantages fast neat job
disadvantages severe bleeding danger of cracking the skull
SawSaw
restrain the animal stand in front of the head and a little to one
side saw into the skull removing 1/4” of hide
and hair if anesthetic is used, use a 1”needle and
place in the hollow spot above the eye
SawSaw
Advantages smooth job less bleeding than clippers
Disadvantages much slower
Surgical WireSurgical Wire
cut the wire at arm span length restrain the animal place the wire at the base and back side of
the horn start with short strokes until wire is
imbeded use long smooth stroke to remove the horn
Surgical WireSurgical Wire
advantages smooth job less bleeding less set back
disadvantages cost of the wire slow may need more than one piece of wire/animal
Control of HemorrhageControl of Hemorrhage
perform dehorning early in the morning handle quietly as possible use forceps or hemostats to pull out the
veins or use a hot iron to sear them stuff cotton in the hole use sterile equipment never dehorn when cows are eating sweet
clover
Dehorning calvesDehorning calves
polled bulls chemicals bell irons tube spoon barnes elastrator
ChemicalsChemicals
basic substance such as KOH or NaOH restrain the animal remove hair around the button scrape button so that it is raw put ring of mineral oil around base of button apply chemical on button in liquid, paste, or
stick form
TubeTube
different sizes Tube
restrain the animal place the tube over the horn start at clockwise motion and push get below the tissue and pry out
SpoonSpoon
restrain the animal cut skin with spoon with back and forth
motion and get below the tissue gouge it out much more slowly and causes more
bleeding
Hot Iron (Bell Iron)Hot Iron (Bell Iron)
restrain the animal place iron over horn and press with rotating
motion when the entire circle around the button is
not brown in color, quit button will fall off in a couple weeks
Barnes typeBarnes type
secure the animal place the barnes over the horn at the slope
of the head press down and quickly spread the handles adv. - fast, can dehorn larger calves disadv. - more bleeding, danger of infection
and easier to make slips
CastrationCastration
Inactivation of primary sex organs for the male
the younger the better methods:
surgical, emasculator (burdizzo), elastrators, ethiopian style
CastrationCastration
What is castration? process of removing the testicles from a male.
Why? prevent mating or fighting, improve carcass quality gentle them
Two Methods Non-invasive Invasive
RestraintRestraint
Calves On side
Older bull calves In chute
Young lambs and kids On back Assistant’s arms V-shaped table
Non-invasiveNon-invasive
Bloodless Tetanus antitoxin Crimps or contracts the blood vessels and spermatic cord
resulting in loss of blood supply. Young calves or weanlings Types:
Burdizzo Elastrator Calicrate bander Short-scrotumed Chemical castration
Burdizzo
Elastrator
Calicrate smart bander
InvasiveInvasive
Blood flow Sanitation is key
Do not reach into the wound because it could cause infection
Types: Knife/Scalpel Emasculator
Knife
Scalpel
Emasculator
Surgical MethodSurgical Method
restrain the animal examine the calf to see if testes have
descended in to the scrotum disinfect equipment, hands, and scrotum grab the end of the scrotum with one hand
and pull down. cut off the lower 1/3 of the scrotum
surgical cont.surgical cont.
pull testicles down one at a time / scrape if necessary
trim excess fat and membrane carefully disinfect the area again Incision method is performed much the
same way, but make an incision on each side of the scrotum first, then pull down each testicle through the incision
BurdizzoBurdizzo
restrain the animal do one at a time push teste down into scrotum and over to the side place the lips of the instrument over the cord 1/2
the distance between the teste and abdomen push handles together until the cord is crushed
ElastratorsElastrators
bloodless castration method restrain the animal place the rubber band over the prongs spread the rubber band and push both testes down
through it release the band above the testes check later for the scrotum to fall off disinfect
AnimalAnimalIdentification SystemsIdentification Systems
Identification SystemsIdentification Systems
• Branding cattle
• Ear Tagging cattle goats
• Ear Notching swine
• Tattooing cattle rabbits
BrandingBranding
Used mainly for cattle Two types
Freeze Branding Hot Iron Branding
Uses a metal instrument to burn or freeze a mark on the animal’s hide
Originally used to show ownership
Angle Brand SystemAngle Brand System
Angle Brand SystemAngle Brand System
What would be the number of this
animal?
Answer: 95
Angle Brand SystemAngle Brand System
What would be the number of this
animal?
Answer:
140
Angle Brand SystemAngle Brand System
What would be the angle brand of this
animal?
Answer:120
Ear TaggingEar Tagging
Use special pliers to attach pieces with numbers on them Easy to read from the front view Not permanent Can be lost or removed
Ear TaggingEar Tagging
TattooingTattooing
Uses a special tool to put inked numbers in an animal’s skin
Most commonly found in the ear Can be used on the lips or other locations Permanent Simple and relatively painless Hard to read from a distance
TatooingTatooing
TatooingTatooing
Ownership ID- BrandingOwnership ID- Branding
Branding - hot iron Chemicals Cold Branding - freeze
BrandingBranding
heat the irons to red hot restrain the animal place brand on hide check it until the surface of the brand is a
shoe brown color selection of the brand should be simple and
ventilated with the face smooth
Fluid BrandingFluid Branding
uses potash or acids kills the hair follicles must be more careful because their is more
room for accidents and error to animals and humans
Freeze BrandingFreeze Branding
super cold iron will burn dry ice and alcohol or liquid nitrogen or spray can restrain the animal clip the brand area clean the area and place irons to get cold place iron firmly until the area is sl. Harden
Usually 50 seconds for dry ice /alcohol method 25-30 seconds for liquid nitrogen
3-4 weeks hair will grow back
TatooingTatooing
Rotary type- nos. are on a roller Standard type- nos. are loose secure the calf clean the ear check the numbers place the instrument between the first and second
ribs of the ear and clamp down place ink on the ear
Other Methods of IDOther Methods of ID
Eartags Horn Branding Earmarking Wattles - cutting a strip on the jawbone and
letting it hang down Dewlaps - cut a strip on the brisket Buds - cutting on incision through the nose
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